مروارید در دل: هرات و نقشه‌برداری از خراسان (قرن‌های ۱۵ تا ۱۹) (انتشارات آکادمی علوم اتریش: انتشارات در ایران‌شناسی، ۷۴)

Annotation Die Stadt Herat und ihre Einbettung in die historische Provinz Khurasan in Ost-Iran stehen im Zentrum dieses Buches, das den Wandel regionaler Strukturen und ihrer Wahrnehmung im Ubergang von der fruhen Neuzeit zur Moderne zum Gegenstand hat. Anhand persischer Primarquellen wird die Wechselwirkung zwischen politischem Geschehen, kulturellem Gedachtnis und Raumvorstellungen nachgezeichnet. Zu Beginn des Betrachtungszeitraums fungiert Herat als die Hauptstadt des Timuridenreichs, und die Region wird unter den Vorzeichen politischer und spiritueller Zentralitat wie auch wirtschaftlicher Blute thematisiert. Die folgenden Jahrhunderte bis zur Eingliederung Herats in das heutige Afghanistan sind von einem graduellen Verlust dieser Vorrangstellung gepragt. Entsprechend verlagert sich das Gewicht der Quellen von verwaltungstechnischer und landschaftsmalerischer Detailfreude zu grosseren strategischen und okologischen Zusammenhangen, die die gesamte Provinz Khurasan betreffen. Mit den Grenzziehungen und der Aufteilung der Region zwischen Iran, Afghanistan und Transkaspien im spaten 19. Jahrhundert werden ehemals elastische Territorialvorstellungen durch hierarchische und zentralistische Staatsentwurfe ersetzt. Die Analyse der Inwertsetzung Khurasans durch politische und literarische Akteure uber einen langen Zeitraum verdeutlicht die Tragweite dieser Veranderung und eroffnet neue Perspektiven fur die Erforschung regionaler Macht- und Raumgefuge Cover Contents Acknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction 1. The Seat of Government: Herat during the Timurid Period SOURCES ON TIMURID KHURĀSĀN THE CITY OF HERAT THE IMMEDIATE ENVIRONS OF HERAT THE PROVINCE OF HERAT CONCLUSION 2. The Guarded Domains: Khurāsān under Safavid and Afsharid Auspices HERAT IN THE SAFAVID ERA THE AFSHARID PERIOD 3. Herat as an Afghan Dominion THE SOURCES THE FORMATION OF THE SADŪZAI STATE 4. Herat in the Nineteenth Century AN OVERVIEW OF THE POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS NINETEENTH-CENTURY SOURCES ON KHURĀSĀN SUNNῙ-SHῙʿĪ DEMARCATIONS THE ŪYMĀQ HERAT AND ITS HINTERLAND IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS AND BORDERS STAKING CLAIMS: THE PORTRAYAL OF AFGHĀN-QĀJĀR ENCOUNTERS IN PERSIANHISTORIOGRAPHY CONCLUSION 5. Qājār Khurāsān THE TRIBAL FRAMEWORK THE QĀJĀR MODE OF GOVERNMENT THE TRIBAL ARISTOCRACY OF KHURĀSĀN THE QĀJĀR ADMINISTRATION OF KHURĀSĀN KHURĀSĀN IN THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY CONCLUSION 6. The Emergence of Fixed Boundaries THE SHRINKING FRONTIER: ASTARĀBĀD, SARAKHS AND MARV THE FRONTIER ACHIEVED: SĪSTĀN CONCLUSION Concluding Remarks HERAT AND KHURĀSĀN IN EARLY MODERN PERCEPTIONS MODERN NOTIONS OF TERRITORIALITY Index Glossary Bibliography Appendices APPENDIX A: GENEALOGICAL TABLES APPENDIX B: MAPS This study is devoted to the city of Herat and its changing fortune within the eastern Iranian province of Khurasan in early modern and modern times. Based on Persian primary sources, it gauges the role of political developments and cultural memory in the shaping of spatial concepts and regional structures. As the capital of the Timurid Empire, Herat's pivotal position reflected the political and spiritual centrality of an urban space embedden in a florescent agricultural and economic setting. Suffering a gradual decline in the subsequent centuries, the city receded to the sidelines of the historical narrative, a fact mirrored by a shift in focus in the sources from the local setting to larger strategic and ecological considerations pertaining to the province as a whole. With the delineation of fixed borders and the division of the region between Iran, Afghanistan and Transcaspia in the late 19th century, elastic concepts of sovereignty were replaced with hierarchical and centralistic notions of the state. Offering a long-term analysis of changing perceptions of power and space, this book provides the groundwork for a new understanding of the history of the region and its transition to modernity. [back cover of the book] This study is devoted to the city of Herat and its changing fortune within the eastern Iranian provice oof Khurasan in early modern and modern times. Based on Persian primary sources, it gauges the role of political developments and cultural memory in the shaping of spatial concepts and regional structures. As the capital of the Timurid Empire, Herat's pivotal position reflected the political and spiritual centrality of an urban space embedden in a florescent agricultural and economic setting. Suffering a gradual decline in the subsequent centuries, the city receded to the sidelines of the historical narrative, a fact mirrored by a shift in focus in the sources from the local setting to larger strategic and ecological considerations pertaining to the province as a whole. With the delineation of fixed borders and the division of the region between Iran, Afghanistan and Transcaspia in the late 19th century, elastic concepts of sovereignty were replaced with hierarchical and centralistic notions of the state. Offering a long-term analysis of changing perceptions of power and space, this book provide the groundwork for a new understanding of the history of the region and its transition to modernity. [back cover of the book]