The paradoxical breakthrough of revelation : interpreting the divine-human interplay in Paul Tillich's work, 1913-1964

All rights reserved, including those of translation into foreign languages. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Acknowledgments Foreword by Langdon Gilkey A. The Divine-Human Interplay of Revelation Expressed in Paradox and Breakthrough I. Introduction 1. The Project 2. The Sources 2.1 The Gesammelte Werke 2.2 The Main Works/Hauptwerke II. The Principle of the Theological Paradox in Paul Tillich’s Systematische Theologie of 1913 1. The Paradox of Seeing Something “as” Something Else 2. The Revelation of the Structure of Reality as the Paradoxical Unity of “Yes” and “No,” of “Is and Is-Not” 3. Christological and Soteriological Dimensions of the Theological Paradox 4. Ethical Applications of the Theological Paradox: A Practical Theology of Church and Culture 4.1 Church and Sacraments 4.2 Autonomy, Heteronomy, Theonomy, and Christonomy 4.3 The Paradoxes of Friendship and Marriage 4.4 The Status of Technology 4.5 Paradox and Ambiguity 4.6 War and Social Justice 4.7 Art 4.8 Religion, Science, and Systematic Theology 5. Gert Hummel’s Evaluation of Tillich’s Theological Paradox in the Systematische Theologie (1913) III. Tillich and the Dialectical Theologians in the 1920s 1. Competing Conceptions of Revelation: What is the Word of God for Our Time? 2. Barth and Tillich on the Nature of the Theological Paradox 3. The Paradox of Revelation and Dialectical Theology’s Temptation to Dissolve Theology into Christology 4. Evaluation of the Tillich-Barth Exchange IV. The Divine–Human, Sacred-Profane Polarity in the Theological Paradox and in the Breakthrough of Revelation 1. Introduction 2. The Polarities 3. The Task of Theology 4. The Demonic 5. History and the Kairos 6. The Breakthrough in Christ as Final, or Perfect, Revelation 7. Conclusion V. The Concept of the Breakthrough of Revelation in Tillich’s Dogmatik of 1925 1. Introduction 2. How Do We Experience Revelation? 3. What is “It” That Gets Revealed? 4. How Do We Talk About the “It” That Gets Revealed? 5. Conclusion and Further Development of the Concept of Durchbruch B. The Rise and Fall of the Concept of Breakthrough in 39 Writings of Tillich’s Theological Development 1919-1964 VI. The Rise and Fall of the Concept of Breakthrough 1. Introduction 2. The “Breakthrough” Documents 1919-1924 2.1 “Christentum und Sozialismus I” (1919) 2.2 “Über die Idee einer Theologie der Kultur” (1919) 2.3 “Christentum und Sozialismus II” (1920) 2.4 “Kairos” (1922) 2.5 “Die Überwindung des Religionsbegriffs in der Religionsphilosophie” (1922) 2.6 Das System der Wissenschaften nach Gegenständen und Methoden (1923) 2.7 “Die Kategorie des ‘Heiligen’ bei Rudolf Otto” (1923) 2.8 “Der Historismus und seine Probleme. Zum gleichnamigen Buch von Emst Troeltsch” (1924) 2.9 “Emst Troeltsch. Versuch einer geistesgeschichtlichen Würdigung” (1924) 2.10 “Die Staatslehre Augustins nach De Civitate Dei” (1924) 2.11 “Kirche und Kultur” (1924) 2.12 “Rechtfertigung und Zweifel” (1924) VII. “Breakthrough” as Dominant Theological Concept 1. Introduction 2. The “Breakthrough” Documents of the Mid-1920s to Early-1930s 2.1 Dogmatik: Marburger Vorlesung von 1925 2.2 “Der Religionsphilosoph Rudolf Otto” (1925) 2.3 “Religonsphilosophie” (1925) 2.4 “Der Begriff des Dämonischen und seine Bedeutung für die Systematische Theologie” (1926) 2.5 “Das Dämonische. Ein Beitrag zur Sinndeutung der Geschichte” (1926) 2.6 “Die Überwindung des Persönlichkeitsideals” (1926) 2.7 “Die Gestalt der Religiösen Erkenntnis” (1926?-1931?) 2.8 “Christentum und Idealismus. Zum Verständnis der Diskussionslage” (1927) 2.9 “Eschatologie und Geschichte” (1927) 2.10 “Gläubiger Realismus I” (1927) 2.11 “Gläubiger Realismus II” (1927/28) 2.12 “Die Idee der Offenbarung” (1927) 2.13 “Die Selbstverwirklichung des Geistes. Zum gleichnamigen Buch von Richard Kroner” (1928) 2.14 “Christologie und Geschichtsdeutung” (1930) 2.15 “Kirche und Humanistische Gesellschaft” (1931) 2.16 “Theonomie” (1931) 2.17 “Auf der Grenze” (1962 = 1936?) VIII. The Decline of the Concept of Breakthrough 1. Introduction 2. The Texts 2.1 Systematic Theology, Vol. I (1951) 2.2 “Autobiographische Betrachtungen” (1952) 2.3 The Courage To Be (1952) 2.4 “Humanität und Religion” (1958) 2.5 “Kairos - Theonomie - das Dämonische. Ein Brief zu Eduard Heimanns 70. Geburtstag” (1959) 2.6 “Die Kunst und das unbedingt Wirkliche” (1959) 2.7 “Der Widerstreit von Zeit und Raum” (1959) 2.8 “Zur Theologie der bildenden Kunst und Architektur” (1961) 2.9 Das Christentum und die Begegnung der Weltreligionen (1963) 2.10 “Der Schöpferische Durchbruch. Rede zur Eröffnung des Neubaus im ‘Museum of Modem Art’ in New York am 25.5.1964” (1964) C. The History of “Breakthrough” and “Paradox” in Summary and Review IX. Revelation in the Dynamics and Form of “Breakthrough” and “Paradox” 1. General Review 1.1 “Durchbruch der Offenbarung” versus “Zer brechen der Form durch den Gehalt”? 12 Heteronomy, Autonomy, and the Breakthrough of Theonomy 1.3 The Decline of the Concept of Breakthrough - the Decline of Religious Socialism 2. Recapitulation of the Meaning of the Concept Durchbruch and Related Terms in German 3. The Reasons Behind Tillich’s Continuous Use of “Paradox” and Abating Use of “Breakthrough” from the Late 1920s Onwards: The Interrelatedness of “Breakthrough” and “Kairos” 4. A Radical Perspective on the Paradox of Breakthrough 4.1 Das Durchbrechende muß durchbrochen werden, damit es zum Durchbruch kommen kann 4.2 The Paradox of Breakthrough and the Reality of the “Broken Symbol” 5. The Renewed Relevance of the Concepts of Paradox and Breakthrough to Express the Dynamics and Form of the Divine-Human Interplay of Revelation List of Abbreviations Bibliography Appendix: Paul Tillich: Systematische Theologie of 1913 Translator’s Preface 1. Apologetics 2. Dogmatics 3. Ethics

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