The Palgrave Handbook of Philosophy and Money : Volume 2: Modern Thought

The Palgrave Handbook of Philosophy surveys the role of money in the history of ideas. Volume 2: Modern Thought examines the treatment of money in the writings of philosophers from the emergence of capitalism through the 20th century. The volume is divided into sections on Early Modernity, Late Modernity, and the Twentieth Century. Volume 2 presents an alternative history of modern philosophy in which monetary relations are both an explicit theme and an implicit condition of philosophical reflection. Acknowledgments Contents List of Contributors Part I: Early Modernity Chapter 1: Introduction to Early Modernity Chapter 2: The Demythification of Gold in the Spanish Enlightenment: Money, Commerce, and Markets Gerónimo de Uztáriz Álvaro Navia Osorio Bernardo de Ulloa José Campillo y Cossío Zenón de Somodevilla y Bengoechea, Marquis of la Ensenada Juan Enrique de Graef Bernardo Ward Miguel Antonio de la Gándara Enrique Ramos Pablo de Olavide Nicolás de Arriquíbar Gabriel Bonnot de Condillac Debates Concerning Money and Political Economy Lorenzo Normante y Carcavilla José Alonso Ortiz References Chapter 3: Locke, Money, and America Property Prior to Money Nine Key Claims Money Matters Locke, Money, and His Critics Money and America Locke’s Theory of Money Reconsidered in Light of America References Chapter 4: Spinoza on Money and Social Desire Introduction Money and Social Desire Money, Rivalry, and Violence Wealth-Seeking, Debt, and the Crisis of Affect Spinoza’s Theory of Money References Chapter 5: J’ai fort medité autresfois sur cette matière: Philosophy and Money in Leibniz Background Philosophy Money Money in the Subjective Conception (I): Numismatics Money in the Subjective Conception (II): Coinage and the Silver of Harz Mines Money in Its Objective Conception: The Oeconomica Epilogue References Chapter 6: The Amsterdam Stock Exchange and the Metaphysics of Capitalism: A Reading of Joseph de la Vega’s Confusión de confusiones Introduction The Scope, Aims, and Style of the Confusión De la Vega and the Baroque The Dawn of Capitalism and the End of Philosophy Conclusion References Chapter 7: Marriage, Money, and Women’s Independence in the Modern Era Introduction Marriage Why Is Marriage Central? Critiques of Marriage Social Roles and Expectations Slavery and Colonialism Female Utopias and Independence Conclusion References Chapter 8: Exciting the Industry of the Irish: Bishop Berkeley’s Philosophy of Money What Is the Philosophy of Money? Berkeley as a Monetary Theorist: Money as a Spur to Action Querying a Monetary Revolution Berkeley’s Critique of Locke’s “Prejudice” Berkeley’s Monetary Theories and His American Experience The Legacy of Berkeley Monetary Theory Conclusion References Chapter 9: Hume’s Philosophy of Money Introduction The State of Nature and the Rise of Conventions Money The Moral and Political Benefits of Money Conclusion References Chapter 10: Rousseau and Money Introduction The Nature and Functions of Money Exchange-Value Without Use-Value Exchange and Measure: The Accounting and Mediating Functions of Money Monetary Evils: Inequality, Abundance, and Opulence Rich and Poor City and Country Evils of the Market: Deception and Corruption Exchange as Deceit Monetary Self-interest: Venality and Corruption The Circulation of Wealth Without Money Exchange in Kind Payment of Taxes Renouncing Exchange: Free Goods and Self-sufficiency Free Goods and Sobriety Collective Self-sufficiency Independence and Liberty Conclusion References Chapter 11: “Tickets of Despotism”: Edmund Burke on the Assignats, Abstract Theory, and the French Revolution Introduction The Assignats The Assignats, Industry, and the New Oligarchy The Monied Interest, Its Alliance with the Philosophes, and Their Attack on Property Burke’s Understanding of the Connection Between the Assignats and Philosophy Conclusion References Chapter 12: Kant, Innes, and the Copernican Turn in Monetary Theory A Copernican Turn A State Theory of Money Kant’s Smithian Definition of Money Innes’ Refutation of Smith Conclusion References Part II: Late Modernity Chapter 13: Introduction to Late Modernity Money and Modernity Money and Value Money in Late Modern Philosophy From Late Modern to Post-Modern Chapter 14: Money in Fichte’s The Closed Commercial State Introduction Background: Fichte’s Political Economy Money and History in CCS, Book II European Commercial History Money in Fichte’s Commercial History Summary CCS, Book I: Money in Fichte’s Construction of the Ideal State CCS’s State Theory of Money Summary CCS, Book III: Money in Fichte’s Politics How to Close the Commercial State Summary Concluding Thoughts References Chapter 15: Money in Hegel’s Philosophy Introduction: Speculative Idealism and Empirical Political Economy The System of Ethical Life The First Stage: The Emergence of the General from the Individual The Value Approaches to an Analysis of the Form of Value Money The Third Stage: The Emergence of the Particular from the General Jenaer Systementwürfe III The First Stage: The Emergence of the General from the Individual The Third Stage: The Emergence of the Particular from the General Philosophy of Right The First Stage: The Emergence of the General from the Individual The Third Stage: The Emergence of the Particular from the General Conclusion: Outlook on Marx References Chapter 16: Adam Müller on Money Introduction Müller on the Problems of the Modern Economy Müller on Money Conclusion: Müller and Us References Chapter 17: Philosophy, Money, and Emancipation: The Women Philosophers of German Romanticism Introduction Money, Beyond Itself Caroline Schlegel-Schelling Bettina von Arnim Conclusions References Chapter 18: The Materialist God: Marx’s Critique of Money The Materialist Turn of Philosophy The Twofold Materialist Turn and Its Two Subjects Money in Marx’s Work Money in the Early Writings: Coming to Terms with Philosophy Money in the Passage from Philosophy to Political Economy: Political Emphasis and Crisis Money in Economic Writings Before Capital Money in Capital: Capitalist Money Money in Capital: Essential Features of Capitalist Money The Origin of Capitalist Money: Analysis of Value-Form and the Status of Quantification in Capitalism The Philosophical Implications of Marx’s Concept of Money Money and Religion Money and Method Money and Reason, Spirit, Being, Essence, Negativity, Etc. Money and Necessary False Consciousness, Reification, Fetishism, Ideology Money, Epistemology, and Science Money Form and Thought Form Money and Culture, Aesthetics, and Language Money, Technique, and Power Money, Time, and Temporalization Conclusion References Chapter 19: Nietzsche on Transcending Money Introduction Challenging Credits Setting the Scene Money’s Non-financial Perils From the Cauldron of the Crisis Nietzsche’s Personal Financial Crisis Aesthetic Conclusions References Chapter 20: Suspect Paper: Money in Romanticism References Chapter 21: Georg Simmel: The Analytics of Money Introduction The Logic of Monetary Valuation Money Tokens as Relations of Credit and Debt Money’s Abstraction References Chapter 22: Cash Rules Everything Around Me: Georg Simmel’s The Philosophy of Money Got My Mind on My Money A Philosophy of Money Values and Desire Sacrifice and Exchange In Money We Trust Money and Modernity Conclusion: The Antinomies of Money and Popular Culture References Part III: The Twentieth Century Chapter 23: Introduction to the Twentieth Century References Chapter 24: Max Weber on Money The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism Economy and Society General Economic History Conclusion References Chapter 25: Money and Philosophy in Vienna: Otto Neurath and Ludwig Wittgenstein Introduction Neurath’s Intellectual Development and the Question of Funding Neurath Education in Political Economy: Methodological Foundational Debates as a Bridge Between Economy and Philosophy Neurath’s Historical Political Economy War, Peace, and the Planned Economy Rational Calculation Debates Robinson Crusoe in Political Economy: Money and Language Logical Empiricism Against Irrationalism: Rationality of Decisions Logical Empiricism Against Metaphysics (1): Objectivity of Empirical Language Logical Empiricism Against Metaphysics (2): Unity of Science Wittgenstein’s Post-Tractatus Philosophy: Money Enters the Picture Money in Philosophy of Language Money in Philosophy of Mathematics Conclusion References Chapter 26: Spontaneity as a Concept of General Significance: The Austrian School on Money and Economic Order Introduction An Adumbrated History of Spontaneity as a Philosophical and Scientific Concept, Especially as it Relates to the Philosophy of Money The Scottish Contribution The Austrian Contribution Recognizing the Generality of Spontaneity Conclusion References Chapter 27: Anscombe on Money, Debt, and Usury Introduction and Attunement The Consumption of Money and the History of Usufruct Capitalism and the Shop Window Consequentialism, Capitalism, and Virtue Brute Facts, Obligations, and Monetary Value References Chapter 28: On the Sociality of Money According to Emmanuel Levinas Introduction: A Philosophy Inattentive to Money Is Too Spiritualistic The Sociality of Interestedness and Money From “Being” to “Otherwise than Being”: A Redefinition of the Human Subject The Economy of Disinterestedness and Money The Social Economy and Money Beyond the Economic, Monetary, and Sociopolitical Order Conclusion: “Descending to the First Movements, the First Gestures” References Chapter 29: Psychoanalytic Currency: Money, Commensurability, and Clinical Economies from Freud to Lacan Introduction Fees Feces Conclusion References Chapter 30: Money, Women, and Philosophy in the Twentieth Century: Living Currencies and the Gender of Capital Precursors and Early Developments The Limits of Mainstream Economics When Heterodox Economics Reconsiders Money but not Women Money, Value, and Salary: Materialist Feminists For and Against Marx Markets and a New Monetary Paradigm: From Materialist Feminism to Difference Feminism Monetary Institutionalism and the Theory of the Sign The Currency of Emotions The Libidinal Economy Women-Currency and Difference Feminism Contemporary Issues: Credit, Debt, and the Renewal of Materialist Feminism References Chapter 31: Money in Critical Theory: Pollock, Adorno, Habermas Introduction Pollock Adorno A Note on Honneth’s Misreading of Adorno Habermas Conclusion References Chapter 32: Alfred Sohn-Rethel and Rudolf-Wolfgang Müller: The Idea of Money and Money as Idea Alfred Sohn-Rethel (1899–1990) Rudolf-Wolfgang Müller (1934–2017) References Chapter 33: Liberation and Monetary Policy in Cabral and Pan-African Materialism Introduction Unfree Money What Is Money? Money and Self-determination Money, Past and Present Conclusion References Chapter 34: In Debt to Derrida: Deconstruction and Monetary Criticism Derrida’s Given Time and the Question of Debt Graeber’s First 5000 Years of Debt Lazarrato’s Indebted Man Conclusion: Rival Conceptions of Debt: Nietzsche and Derrida vs. Lazzarato References Chapter 35: Michel Foucault and Money Money and Archaeology of Knowledge Money, Sign, and Wealth Money in the Classical Age Money and Political Economy Money and Truth Conclusion References Chapter 36: John Searle’s Ontology of Money and Its Critics Introduction Searle’s Theory Some Preliminary Distinctions Institutions and Institutional Facts Criticisms Object Functions and Efficiency Collective Intentionality Rules Incentives Conclusion References Appendices Appendix I: Vols. 1 & 2 Table of Contents Volume 1 Section I: The Emergence of Money and the Formation of Worldviews Section II: Ancient Greece Section III: The Roman Era Section IV: The Medieval and Renaissance Period Volume 2 Section V: Early Modernity Section VI: Late Modernity Section VII: The Twentieth Century Appendix II: Vols. 1 & 2 List of Contributors Index