The Palgrave Handbook of Management History : with 65 figures and 6 tables

The coronavirus pandemic of 2019-20 and its associated global economic collapse has bluntly revealed that decision makers everywhere are ill-equipped to identify the innovative capacities of modern societies and, in particular, deploy managers to harness such capabilities. Getting the problem of management right is a voyage to the heart of human experience. Indeed, the perennial questions that haunt our existence almost invariably prompt answers that invoke conceptions of work, transformative effort and realisation of ideas. One way or another, all such endeavour requires management. It is often overlooked that more than any other discipline, management history brings into focus humanity’s most pressing questions. At the time of writing, these queries come with a disquieting urgency. What is management? How do its modern methods differ from those in pre-industrial societies? How does the management that emerged in Western Europe and North America in the nineteenth century differ from forms practiced in the twentieth? In what ways do Asian, African and South American societies have distinctive managerial philosophies? Perhaps most importantly, what don’t we know or don’t do very well? It is to these fundamental questions that the Palgrave Handbook of Management History speaks. The work’s 63 chapters – authored by 27 of the world’s leading management and business thinkers – explore virtually every aspect of management globally as well as across millennia. The series explores the theoretical contributions of classical Western business and management scholars (Adam Smith, Frederick Taylor, Elton Mayo, Peter Drucker, Alfred Chandler, etc.) as well as commentaries from critical theorists such as Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida and Hayden White. The Handbook is also practical. For example, its content addresses the day to day experience of management in ancient Greece and Rome as well as the contemporary approaches of China, France, South Africa, India, Denmark, Australia, South America, New Zealand and the Middle East. In short, the Palgrave Handbook provides students of economics, management, business theory and practice, and critical studies with a single comprehensive and in-depth point of reference. Preface......Page 6 References......Page 12 Contents......Page 13 About the Editors......Page 19 Contributors......Page 21 Part I: Introduction......Page 23 1 Management History in the Modern World: An Overview......Page 24 Introduction: What Is Management History?......Page 25 A Note on the Meaning and Nature of Management......Page 34 References......Page 41 Part II: What Is Management and Management History?......Page 44 2 What Is Management?......Page 45 Introduction......Page 46 Foundations......Page 50 Different Paths......Page 58 Conclusion......Page 61 References......Page 63 3 Debates Within Management History......Page 65 Context......Page 66 Slavery......Page 71 Taylor: Wizard or Weasel?......Page 75 Mayo ́s Many Problems......Page 76 Taylor and Mayo: Friends or Foes?......Page 78 Who Are Management Thinkers?......Page 80 The Prime Mover......Page 82 Conclusion......Page 83 References......Page 84 4 Methodologies Within Management History......Page 87 The Importance of Facts and Sources......Page 88 Creativity and the Historian......Page 95 Context......Page 97 Theory and Quantification......Page 101 To Be a Potter......Page 103 References......Page 104 5 Conflicting Visions: A Recap About the Debates Within Management History......Page 107 Introduction......Page 108 Traditional History......Page 109 A New History......Page 111 A New History of Management......Page 114 ANTi-History......Page 118 Other Histories......Page 119 Myths......Page 123 Conclusion......Page 125 References......Page 127 Part III: Work, Management, and Economic Organization in the Pre-modern World......Page 130 6 The Pre-modern World and Management: An Introduction......Page 131 Introduction......Page 132 The Poverty and Promise of the Past......Page 136 The Structure of This Section......Page 145 References......Page 146 7 Management in Antiquity: Part 1 - The Binds of Geography......Page 148 Introduction......Page 149 Managerial and Economic Performance in Antiquity: Methods, Sources, and Difficulties......Page 154 The Binds of Geography: Life Within the Civilized Frontier......Page 157 The Binds of Geography: Life Beyond the Civilized Frontier......Page 162 Conclusion......Page 166 Cross-References......Page 167 References......Page 168 8 Management in Antiquity: Part 2 - Success and Failure in the Hellenic and Roman Worlds......Page 170 Introduction......Page 171 Breaking the Bonds of Geography: Success and Failure in the Hellenic Mediterranean......Page 173 Breaking the Bonds of Geography: Success and Failure in the Roman Republic......Page 179 The Failure of Empire......Page 188 The Shattered Roman Legacy......Page 191 Conclusion......Page 194 References......Page 196 9 From Feudalism to Modernity, Part I: Management, Technology, and Work, AD 450-1750......Page 199 Feudalism: An Historic Peculiarity......Page 203 Medieval and Early Modern Europe: A Comparative Perspective......Page 208 Medieval and Early Modern Life: The World of Production......Page 212 Medieval and Early Modern Life: Commerce, Finance, and Trade......Page 218 Conclusion......Page 226 References......Page 228 10 From Feudalism to Modernity, Part 2: The Revolution in Ideas, AD 450-1750......Page 231 Introduction......Page 232 The Catholic Legacy: Work, Innovation, and Poverty, c.AD 450-c.1250......Page 238 A Calculative Mentality? Western Europe at the Crossroads, c.1250-1600......Page 243 Society and the Scientific Revolution, c.1600-c.1750......Page 250 Conclusion......Page 254 Cross-References......Page 256 References......Page 257 11 The Origins of Robust Supply Chain Management and Logistics in the Caribbean: Spanish Silver and Gold in the New World (149.........Page 260 Introduction......Page 261 Evolution of the European Economy......Page 262 The European Quest for Gold......Page 263 Three Sources of Gold and Silver......Page 264 Transportation via Treasure Fleet......Page 265 Spanish Logistics and Supply Chain Management......Page 267 Robust Supply Chain Practices......Page 269 Leadership Commitment......Page 270 Human Capital......Page 271 Intra-organizational Relationship Magnitude......Page 272 Risk Management......Page 273 Node Criticality......Page 275 Bargaining Power......Page 276 Visibility......Page 277 Long-Distance Trade and the Development of Capitalism......Page 278 Conclusion......Page 281 References......Page 282 12 Transformation: The First Global Economy, 1750-1914......Page 285 Introduction......Page 286 Industrial or Managerial Revolution? Britain, 1750-1830......Page 293 Conquering Time and Space: The Global Economy, 1830-1890......Page 299 Alfred Chandler, Railroads, Management, and Markets......Page 305 Management, Slavery, and Colonial Subjugation......Page 309 New Economy, New Workers, New Problems......Page 311 Conclusion......Page 316 References......Page 318 Part IV: The Foundations of Knowledge and Management: An Introduction......Page 321 13 The Foundations of Knowledge and Management: An Introduction......Page 322 Problems of Economic Understanding......Page 323 Problems of Epistemology......Page 326 Cross-References......Page 330 References......Page 331 14 Intellectual Enlightenment: The Epistemological Foundations of Business Endeavor......Page 333 Introduction......Page 334 The Empiricist Tradition......Page 338 The Idealist Tradition......Page 346 Logic......Page 351 Conclusion......Page 354 References......Page 355 15 Economic Foundations: Adam Smith and the Classical School of Economics......Page 357 Introduction......Page 358 Value and the Foundations of Classical Economics......Page 362 Society and Markets......Page 368 Cross-References......Page 375 References......Page 376 16 Neo-Classical Thought: Alfred Marshall and Utilitarianism......Page 378 Utility: From Bentham to Mill......Page 382 Utility: Alfred Marshall and Neo-Classical Thought......Page 387 Conclusion......Page 393 References......Page 395 17 Foundations: The Roots of Idealist and Romantic Opposition to Capitalism and Management......Page 397 Nature, Being, Consciousness, and Will......Page 402 Evidence and Knowledge......Page 408 Conclusion......Page 414 References......Page 416 18 The Marxist Opposition to Capitalism and Business......Page 421 Introduction......Page 422 Marxism Begins: Proudhon and Marx......Page 425 Marx the Revolutionary: Communist Manifesto, Wage-Labour and Capital, and the British Rule in India......Page 429 Marx the Economist: Capital......Page 433 Implications for Management History: Reflections......Page 436 Conclusion......Page 439 Cross-References......Page 441 References......Page 442 19 Conflicting Understandings of the Industrial Revolution and Its Consequences: The Founding Figures of British Management Hi.........Page 444 Introduction......Page 445 ``To Serve as Galley Slaves ́ ́: The Toynbees and Tawney on the Industrial Revolution and Its Consequences......Page 450 ``Learning and Public Life ́ ́: The Contrary Intellectual Contribution of John Nef and John Clapham......Page 456 Capitalism and Management: Exploitation or Opportunity? The Intellectual Contribution of Webbs and E.P. Thompson......Page 464 Sidney Pollard and the Origins of ``Modern ́ ́ Management......Page 471 Conclusion......Page 476 References......Page 478 Part V: The Classic Age of Management Thought (Mid-Nineteenth Century Until 1939)......Page 481 20 Certain Victory, Uncertain Time: The Limitations of Nineteenth-Century Management Thought......Page 482 Introduction......Page 483 Robert Owen: Radical Reactionary......Page 484 Owen ́s Ideas and Biography......Page 485 Owen ́s Failure......Page 488 Babbage and Ure: The Cyborgs......Page 489 Henri Fayol: The General......Page 495 Conclusion......Page 501 References......Page 502 21 Taylor Made Management......Page 505 Introduction......Page 506 Taylor ́s Contribution......Page 507 Taylor ́s Relationship to Progressivism......Page 508 Taylor ́s Role......Page 512 Criticisms......Page 513 Taylor and Unions......Page 516 Taylor and Peasant Culture......Page 519 Conclusion: Flawed Giant......Page 521 References......Page 523 22 Henry Ford and His Legacy: An American Prometheus......Page 527 Biography......Page 529 Jacksonian Viewpoint and Ideology......Page 532 Five-Dollar Day......Page 534 African American Employees......Page 536 Unions and Politics......Page 537 Relationship with Taylorism......Page 538 Corporate Governance......Page 541 Limitations......Page 542 Conclusion......Page 547 References......Page 548 23 Spontaneity Is the Spice of Management: Elton Mayo ́s Hunt for Cooperation......Page 551 Mayo ́s ``Findings ́ ́......Page 554 The Vital Center Does Not Hold......Page 556 The Great Depression......Page 557 The Good War......Page 559 An Inchoate Movement......Page 562 Elton Mayo: The Manager as Therapist......Page 564 Conclusion......Page 566 References......Page 568 24 Organizational Psychology and the Rise of Human Resource Management......Page 571 The Rise of Psychology......Page 572 Great Apart, Better Together: The Gilbreths......Page 576 Munsterberg, Scott, and Van Dyke......Page 579 World War I......Page 582 Human Relations: Barnard and Follett......Page 584 Welfare Capitalism and the New Deal......Page 590 References......Page 593 25 To the Tavistock Institute: British Management in the Early Twentieth Century......Page 598 Introduction......Page 599 British Management 1870 to 1940: A Snapshot......Page 601 The Establishment......Page 604 Education and Culture......Page 605 Taylorism, Fordism, and Human Relations in Great Britain......Page 610 To Tavistock and Modern British Management......Page 613 Conclusions......Page 614 Lessons......Page 616 References......Page 617 26 Kurt Lewin: Organizational Change......Page 620 Biography......Page 622 Lewin ́s Contribution to Management......Page 625 Lewin and Other Management Thinkers......Page 630 Criticism......Page 632 Cross-References......Page 635 References......Page 636 Part VI: Postmodernism......Page 638 27 Postmodernism: An Introduction......Page 639 On the Ignorance of Postmodernism ́s Origins and Principles......Page 640 Postmodernism and the Nature of Freedom......Page 644 References......Page 646 28 The Intellectual Origins of Postmodernism......Page 648 Introduction......Page 649 Language and Knowledge: From Plato to Derrida......Page 653 Power and Discourse: From Nietzsche to Foucault and White......Page 658 Modernity and Postmodernism: From Rousseau to Lyotard......Page 663 Conclusion......Page 667 References......Page 669 29 Paul-Michel Foucault: Prophet and Paradox......Page 673 Introduction......Page 674 Foucault (1945-1970)......Page 679 Foucault (1970-1978)......Page 684 Foucault (1978-1984)......Page 689 Conclusion......Page 694 References......Page 696 30 Jacques Derrida: Cosmopolitan Critic......Page 700 Introduction......Page 701 Derrida ́s Formative Concepts: Spirit, Knowledge and Language......Page 706 Critiquing the Western Intellectual Heritage, 1967-1980......Page 711 Derrida, 1981-2004: Political and Social Critic......Page 715 Conclusion......Page 718 References......Page 720 31 Hayden White and His Influence......Page 723 Introduction......Page 724 Hayden White, 1946-1973......Page 728 Hayden White, 1973-2018......Page 732 Hayden White ́s Influence in Management History......Page 738 Conclusion......Page 741 References......Page 743 Part VII: Management in the Age of Prosperity (1940s to 1980)......Page 746 Introduction......Page 747 Planning and Managerialism......Page 748 The Fall of Planning......Page 750 References......Page 751 33 Keynesianism: Origins, Principles, and Keynes ́s Debate with Hayek......Page 753 Introduction......Page 754 The Economic Consequences of the Peace: Diplomat and Economic Critic......Page 757 Richard Kahn and the Origins of Keynesianism......Page 763 Keynes: Towards a General Theory......Page 767 Keynes and Hayek: The Debate......Page 771 Conclusion......Page 774 References......Page 776 34 The Age of Strategy: From Drucker and Design to Planning and Porter......Page 779 Introduction......Page 780 Proto-strategy: Organizational Statesmanship and Managerialism......Page 782 The Golden Age of the Design and Planning Schools......Page 786 Positioning Strategy: The Impact of Michael Porter......Page 791 Concluding Remarks......Page 794 References......Page 795 35 Chandler and the Visible Hand of Management......Page 799 Introduction......Page 800 Positives About Chandler......Page 802 Critiques......Page 807 Conclusion......Page 815 Cross-References......Page 816 References......Page 817 36 Industrial Relations in the ``Golden Age ́ ́ in the UK and the USA, 1945-1980......Page 821 Economy......Page 823 Society......Page 827 Workplaces and Authority......Page 831 Conclusion......Page 834 References......Page 835 37 The Rise of Marketing......Page 838 Introduction......Page 839 In the Beginning......Page 840 After the Wars......Page 843 Purpose of Business and Management Education......Page 844 End of the Century: Broadening the Scope of Markets and Marketing......Page 846 Cross-References......Page 851 References......Page 852 38 Organizational Psychology ́s Golden Age, 1940-1970......Page 856 What Is Organizational Psychology?......Page 857 The Early Years: Applied Psychology Before the Second World War......Page 858 Organizational Psychology at War......Page 859 Selection in the Services......Page 860 Planning for Demobilization......Page 861 Patronage and the Professionalization of Organizational Psychology......Page 863 Conclusion......Page 865 References......Page 867 39 British Management 1950-1980......Page 870 General Business Context at 1950......Page 871 Business Management: Structure and Performance 1950-80......Page 876 Managerial Capacity in UK Companies 1950-80......Page 880 References......Page 882 Part VIII: Management in an Age of Crisis......Page 884 40 Introduction: Public Policy Failure, the Demise of Experts, and the Dawn of a New Era......Page 885 The Lead-Up to the Age of Crisis: From the New Deal Consensus to Neoliberalism to the Calamity-Ridden Contemporary World......Page 890 Management in an Age of Crisis: Trump, Brexit and Those Incompetent and Co-opted Experts......Page 900 Cross-References......Page 905 References......Page 906 41 Labor and Employment Practices: The Rise and Fall of the New Managerialism......Page 909 The Golden Age and Industrial Pluralism......Page 910 The Demise of the Golden Age......Page 913 Managerialism Redux......Page 915 The Limits to the New Managerialism: Ideology vs. Practice.......Page 918 The End of the New Managerialism?......Page 923 References......Page 926 42 A Return to the Good Old Days: Populism, Fake News, Yellow Journalism, and the Unparalleled Virtue of Business People......Page 930 The Hypergiants (Super Aggregators), Doxing and Swarms......Page 934 Social Presence, Social Proof, and the Social Distribution of Knowledge......Page 939 Conclusion......Page 941 Cross-References......Page 942 References......Page 943 43 Why did the Great Recession Fail to Produce a New New Deal in the USA?......Page 945 A Historical Glance at Laissez-Faire Ideology......Page 947 Inequality and the Dynamics of Ideology......Page 948 Exploding Inequality and the Generation of Severe Crises: Parallels Between the 1920s and the Three Decades Prior to 2008......Page 950 Radically Opposite Reactions......Page 951 Both Political Parties in Harness to Wall Street......Page 955 How Do the Elite, So Few in Number, Win Elections?......Page 957 Final Reflections......Page 959 References......Page 960 44 Trade Union Decline and Transformation: Where to for Employment Relations?......Page 964 Introduction......Page 965 Union Decline and Changing Academic Explanations......Page 974 Union Transformation: Australia, the United States, and Canada......Page 981 Where to for Unions and Employment Relations?......Page 991 Conclusion......Page 996 Cross-References......Page 998 References......Page 999 45 The New Executive: Interconnected Yet Isolated and Uninformed - Leadership Challenges in the Digital Pandemic Epoch......Page 1003 Introduction......Page 1004 Interconnected Yet Isolated and Uninformed?......Page 1005 Tesla: Mall World Meets Green Energy - Upscale Transport and Technological Innovation in the Automobile Industry......Page 1006 Facebook: Profiteering in the Information Age......Page 1009 Trump: Not Just an Individual but an Entire Organization......Page 1013 Virtual Worlds and Organizational Directions......Page 1017 Business Models, Intermediation, and the Enduring Importance of Ethical Perspectives......Page 1018 Managing in an Economically, Sociologically, Technologically and Medically Complex Landscape......Page 1019 Disrupting Practice While Venerating Tradition......Page 1020 Technology, Power, and Organizational Context......Page 1021 Conclusion: Connecting, Disconnecting, and Reconnecting in Crises......Page 1022 Cross-References......Page 1023 References......Page 1024 46 Conclusion: Management Theory in Crisis......Page 1038 The Birth of Management Theory......Page 1040 Theoretical Foundations......Page 1043 Mainstream Management Research......Page 1045 Postmodern Management Research......Page 1048 The Collapse of Theory......Page 1049 Conclusion: Management Scholarship for the Twenty-First Century......Page 1054 References......Page 1057 Part IX: Different Experiences: Europe, Africa, and the Middle East......Page 1061 47 Different Experiences: Europe, Africa, and the Middle East - An Introduction......Page 1062 Interlinked Histories......Page 1063 Section Chapters......Page 1065 Cross-References......Page 1068 References......Page 1069 48 Management in the Middle East......Page 1070 Introduction......Page 1071 The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA): A Blueprint for Islam, and Islamic Management......Page 1074 Managing in the Arabian Gulf States: The Influence of History......Page 1081 The United Arab Emirates: A Bridge to the Western World......Page 1084 Conclusion: The Influence of Islamic Management in the non-Islamic World......Page 1086 Cross-References......Page 1088 References......Page 1089 49 Work and Society in the Orthodox East: Byzantium and Russia, AD 450-1861......Page 1093 Introduction......Page 1094 The Byzantine Experience and Heritage......Page 1101 From Freedom to Serfdom: The Muscovite Experience......Page 1105 The Limits to Modernization: Russia, 1682-1861......Page 1112 Ideas, Management, and Russian Reality......Page 1120 Conclusion......Page 1124 References......Page 1125 50 Changing Corporate Governance in France in the Late Twentieth Century......Page 1129 Introduction......Page 1130 The Historical Roots of French Corporate Governance......Page 1132 A Brief Description of the Major Transformations......Page 1135 The Evolution of Corporate Governance and the Economic Theory of Institutional Change......Page 1136 The History of French Corporate Governance in the Light of Institutional Change Theory......Page 1138 The Traditional Mental Pattern Initially Resisted Disruptive Change (1945-1983)......Page 1139 The State as a Platform for Institutional Entrepreneurs (1984-1994)......Page 1141 The Increasing Capital Stakes of International Investors and Their Consequences (1995 and Later)......Page 1144 Conclusions......Page 1147 References......Page 1148 51 Flexicurity: The Danish Model......Page 1150 The History of the Danish Model......Page 1151 The Flexible Labor Market......Page 1156 Income Security......Page 1157 The Third Leg: Active Labor Market Policy......Page 1158 Three Meanings of the Word Flexicurity......Page 1159 Flexicurity in Different Countries......Page 1160 Flexicurity Became EU Policy......Page 1162 Is the Danish Model Under Liquidation?......Page 1164 Summary......Page 1167 References......Page 1168 52 Pre-colonial Africa: Diversity in Organization and Management of Economy and Society......Page 1171 Early Egyptian Civilization in North Africa......Page 1173 Indigenous Bantu-Speaking Peoples and Islam......Page 1176 African Societies in the East and Southern Africa......Page 1181 Management and Organization......Page 1182 Pre-colonial Management in Africa......Page 1189 References......Page 1190 53 Africa and the Firm: Management in Africa Through a Century of Contestation......Page 1193 Introduction......Page 1194 Introducing the Firm: African Management Complexity and Diversity......Page 1195 Scramble and Control......Page 1196 Distorted Markets......Page 1198 Into Its Own: African Management in Independent Africa......Page 1203 State and Firm: African Renaissance......Page 1205 The Management Discourse: Collective or Strategic Performance Drive?......Page 1208 Distinct African?......Page 1209 Concept and Ideology......Page 1212 Conclusion: Organization and Business in Africa......Page 1215 References......Page 1218 54 Managing Africa ́s Strongest Economy: The History of Management in South Africa, 1920-2018......Page 1225 Periphery at the Center......Page 1226 Entrepreneurial Opportunity: Family, Nationalism, and Global Networks......Page 1227 Nurturing Business Leadership Through Formal Education......Page 1232 Delivering on the Political Agenda......Page 1239 Management quo vadis?......Page 1246 Conclusion......Page 1250 Cross-References......Page 1251 References......Page 1252 55 Why Entrepreneurship Failed to Emerge in ``Developing Countries ́ ́: The Case of Colonial Africa (1952-1972)......Page 1255 Introduction......Page 1256 Why Entrepreneurship Failed to Emerge in Former Colonies......Page 1257 Periodization as an Historical Method......Page 1258 Factor 1: Colonization of Africa and the Corrosion of Tribal Communities......Page 1261 Factor 2: The Case of Nationalism in Colonial Africa (1952-1972)......Page 1263 Factor 3: Economic Factors in Africa (1952-1972)......Page 1266 Summary: Developing an Explanatory Framework......Page 1268 References......Page 1270 Part X: Different Experiences: Asia, Latin America, and the Pacific......Page 1272 56 Introduction: Management Heterogeneity in Asia......Page 1273 Introduction: The Quest to Understand Asian Heterogeneity......Page 1274 The Western Liberal-Democratic Regulated Market Economies of Australia and New Zealand......Page 1277 Japan......Page 1280 The Asian Tigers (or ``Four Little Dragon Countries ́ ́) of Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, and South Korea......Page 1285 China......Page 1290 Indonesia......Page 1295 Cross-References......Page 1298 References......Page 1299 57 The Perfect Natural Experiment: Asia and the Convergence Debate......Page 1301 Introduction......Page 1302 Asian Approaches to Management in Historical Perspective: The Convergence Debate......Page 1303 Varieties of Capitalism......Page 1309 Katz and Darbishire ́s Four Pattern Formulation......Page 1310 Conclusion: Management Convergence in Asia......Page 1311 References......Page 1312 58 Indian Management (?): A Modernization Experiment......Page 1315 Introduction......Page 1316 Questions, Hypotheses, and the Course of Indian Management Development......Page 1317 Illegalization of Traditional Work Organization......Page 1318 State-Driven Institutionalization of Management Education......Page 1324 Indianizing Management Education......Page 1328 Self-criticism of Management in India......Page 1329 Cross-References......Page 1332 References......Page 1333 59 The Making of a Docile Working Class in Pre-reform China......Page 1335 Introduction......Page 1336 Genealogy and the Uses of History......Page 1337 Confucian (li) Rules: A Genealogy of Chinese Workers......Page 1338 The Making of a Chinese Working Class......Page 1341 Cross-References......Page 1347 References......Page 1348 60 Governmentality and the Chinese Workers in China ́s Contemporary Thought Management System......Page 1351 Introduction......Page 1352 Foucault ́s Concept of Governmentality......Page 1353 Reinterpretation of a Chinese History of the Present......Page 1355 Governmental Technologies and Thought Management in Post-Mao China......Page 1357 Chinese Habits of Making Docile Bodies and Minds within Social Hierarchy......Page 1359 The Destiny (ming ) of Low-Quality (or Low-Educated) Workers in the Chinese Occupational Hierarchy......Page 1363 Cross-References......Page 1364 References......Page 1365 61 In Search of the Traces of the History of Management in Latin America, 1870-2020......Page 1370 Introduction......Page 1371 Management: A Missing Link in the Development Ideology?......Page 1373 Modernization Theory: The Transition from ``Traditional ́ ́ Toward ``Modern ́ ́ Societies......Page 1374 Dependency Theory ́s Disregard for Management......Page 1375 Business History ́s Potential to Pursue the Traces of Management......Page 1376 Entrepreneurs, Entrepreneurial Families, and Business Groups: Key Actors......Page 1378 Gold Mining: A ``Practical ́ ́ Entrepreneurship and Management School......Page 1382 Management as a Profession and Management Education, 1900-1970......Page 1384 Conclusion......Page 1388 Cross-References......Page 1389 References......Page 1390 62 Think Big and Privatize Every Thing That Moves: The Impact of Political Reform on the Practice of Management in New Zealand......Page 1394 Introduction: The New Zealand Frontier, 1790-1900......Page 1395 Home Ownership and the Creation of a Welfare State......Page 1397 The Unraveling of a Century of State Intervention......Page 1400 Privatization and Reinvention of Public Service......Page 1401 Impact of Political Reforms on the Practice of Management in New Zealand......Page 1406 Conclusion......Page 1409 References......Page 1410 63 Management in Australia - The Case of Australia ́s Wealthiest Valley: The Hunter......Page 1413 Introduction......Page 1414 A Transplanted Society: The Hunter in the Nineteenth Century......Page 1420 The Hunter in the Twentieth Century: The Rise and Fall of Heavy Manufacturing......Page 1427 Wealth and Poverty: The Hunter in the Twenty-First Century......Page 1436 Conclusion......Page 1439 References......Page 1442 Index......Page 1446 This Handbook is the definitive source and reference tool for academics, researchers and graduate students working in the field of Management History. Consisting of eleven sections, they will collectively cover management history's past and present and provide an unparalleled overview of both managerial practice and thought. As a discipline, management history has relatively recently splintered from business history, focusing on the study of organizations and the ways in which work is structured and managed. Initially employing a heavily western perspective and influenced mainly by British and American historians, the discipline has expanded the focus of its studies both temporally and geographically to incorporate pre-19th century forms of organization and extend its scope beyond Western Europe and North America. This important project will be a high level, systematic and comprehensive tool thanks to the range of contributions from leading experts and academics. It is intended to be the first port of call for all research endeavors in the field of management history.