The Palgrave Handbook of Criminology and the Global South

The first comprehensive collection of its kind, this handbook addresses the problem of knowledge production in criminology, redressing the global imbalance with an original focus on the Global South. Issues of vital criminological research and policy significance abound in the Global South, with important implications for South/North relations as well as global security and justice. In a world of high speed communication technologies and fluid national borders, empire building has shifted from colonising territories to colonising knowledge. The authors of this volume question whose voices, experiences, and theories are reflected in the discipline, and argue that diversity of discourse is more important now than ever before. Approaching the subject from a range of historical, theoretical, and social perspectives, this collection promotes the Global South not only as a space for the production of knowledge, but crucially, as a source of innovative research and theory on crime and justice. Wide-ranging in scope and authoritative in theory, this study will appeal to scholars, activists, policy-makers, and students from a wide range of social science disciplines from both the Global North and South, including criminal justice, human rights, and penology.-- Provided by publisher Foreword Acknowledgements Contents List of Figures List of Tables Part I: Theoretical Debates and Key Concepts Using Southern Criminology 1: Criminology, Southern Theory and Cognitive Justice Introduction Southern Theory and Criminology (Re)conceptualizing the South in Criminology North/South and Global Convergence in the Digital Era: The New Crime and Security Landscape Rethinking Criminology from the Global South: Theoretical, Policy and Political Reconstruction and Innovation References 2: Indigenous Challenges for Southern Criminology Introduction Colonialism, Criminology and the Coloniality of Power Epistemological, Methodological and Ethical Challenges The Political Challenge of Indigenous Peoples Conclusion References Human Rights Instruments 3: Confronting the North’s South: On Race and Violence in the United States Introduction Violent Death in Black and White A Neglected Emergency Confronting the ‘Southern’ Legacy References 4: The Asian Criminological Paradigm and How It Links Global North and South: Combining an Extended Conceptual Tool box from the North with Innovative Asian Contexts Introduction The Development of Asian Criminology and the Asian Criminological Paradigm Development of a Conceptual and Theoretical Tool box Under the Asian Criminological Paradigm The First Stage: Transportation, Evaluative Testing Differential Association/Social Learning Theory General Strain Theory Self-Control Theory Social Control Theory Social Capital Theories Second Stage: Transforming Western Theories Under Asian Contexts Reworking Routine Activity Theory (by Messner 2014) Reworking of Self-Control Theory (General Theory of Crime) (by Messner 2015) Situational Action Theory (SAT) and Its Transformation (by Messner 2014) Institutional Anomie Theory (IAT) and Its Transformation (by Messner 2015) The Third Stage: New Concepts and a New Theory from Asia Conceptual Innovations in Restorative Justice A Theory of Relational Justice (Liu 2013, 2014, 2016) Future Directions References 5: Southern Criminology in the Post-colony: More Than a ‘Derivative Discourse’? Introduction A Brief History of Criminology on the Sub-continent A ‘Colonial’ Criminology? Varieties of Colonial Criminology Being and Knowing in the Post-colony: Toward a Southern Criminology Global South, Southern Criminology and the Lessons of Nationalism Knowledge Politics: Theory and Experience North and South Enlightenment Humanism, Abjection and Alternative Ways of Being Human Conclusion References Human Rights Instruments 6: The Rural Dimensions of a Southern Criminology: Selected Topics and General Processes Introduction Rurality and Southern Global Criminology The Rural Dimensions of Southern Criminology: Selected Issues Domestic Violence Collective Violence The Trafficking of Everything A New Criminology of Place Discussion References 7: Queer Criminology and the Global South: Setting Queer and Southern Criminologies into Dialogue Introduction The Absent Queer and the Implied North The Global Dynamics of Sexuality and Gender Diversity Politics Queer Criminology and Queer Politics in the Global South Policing and the Global Politics of Queer Criminology Conclusion References 8: Southern Death Investigation: Theorizing Coronial Work from the Global South Introduction: Criminology, Death Investigation and the South Coronial Legacies and Southern Law Reform Southern Strengths in the Face of Northern Rights Concluding Thoughts: Southern Resonances and Emerging Issues References Cases Legislation Human Rights Instruments 9: Research Excellence and Anglophone Dominance: The Case of Law, Criminology and Social Science Introduction Attribution of Individual Reputation and External Determination of Excellence Defining Excellence: From Peer Review Attribution of Reputation to Bibliometric Measure Differences in the Nature of Subject Matters Differences in Patterns of Knowledge Dissemination Added Difficulties for Nonnative Researchers A Hierarchy of Influence: The Dominance of Anglo-American Perspectives in Law, Criminology and Social Science Conclusions References 10: Southern Criminology, Zonal Banning and the Language of Urban Crime Prevention Introduction Zonal Banning, Southern Criminology and Law Neoliberal Crime Prevention Property, Law and Challenging Zonal Bans Conclusion References Cases Part II: Crime, Criminalisation and Policing in the Global Peripheries 11: Crime and Development in the Global South Introduction Modernization, Social Defense and Crime The Early UN Perspective Modernization Theorists Evaluating the Modernization Thesis Critical Perspectives on Dependency, Crime and Injustice The Critiques of Southern Criminology Future Research Directions References 12: Crime and the Cyber Periphery: Criminological Theory Beyond Time and Space Introduction The Crime Drop and Its Discontents Crime in the Global South Cyber Routine Activities Fake News and Homicide in Venezuela Sexting and the Sharing of Personal Images The ‘Dark Web’ The Metaphorical South and Cyberspaces Conclusion References Cases Legislation 13: The Digital and Legal Divide: Silk Road, Transnational Online Policing and Southern Criminology Introduction The Silk Road and the New Global Online Policing Extraterritorial Conspiracy Charges US Extraterritorial Investigations and Enforcement The Relevance of Southern Criminology Conclusion References Cases Legislations Human Rights Instruments 14: Marginalized Voices: The Absence of Nigerian Scholars in Global Examinations of Online Fraud Introduction Defining the Problem: The Language of Online Fraud in Nigeria The Spiritual Element of Online Fraud in Nigeria Online Fraud: Global or Local? The Cultural Context of Online Fraud in Nigeria The Problem of Corruption in Nigeria The Stain of Cybercrime on Nigeria Lessons Learnt: Valuing the Nigerian Research Targeting Online Fraud References 15: The Global Context of Transnational Environmental Crime in Asia Introduction Contextualizing the Context Ambiguities of Transnational Crime Environmental Crimes in Asia Illegal Wildlife Trade Across the Asia Region Illegal Logging and Flex Crops Pollution Crimes and Cross-border Harms Crime Convergence and Criminal Networks Local/Global Aspects of Environmental Harm Global Processes and Environmental Crime Transfers Responding to Transnational Environmental Crime Conclusion References 16: Climate Apartheid and Environmental Refugees Introduction ‘I Have Never Felt So Strongly That Nature Was Angry’ (Connell 2017): Connecting Southern and Green Criminologies Global Warming and Climate Change and Global Migration Corporate Exploitation and Climate Injustice—‘Gated Leisure’ and the Rise of Corporate Islands Conclusion References 17: Green Criminology as Decolonial Tool: A Stereoscope of Environmental Harm Introduction Western Science, Criminology and the Perils of Epistemological Colonialism The Criminological Discipline Green Criminology on the Margins of Criminology Green Criminology as Decolonial Tool Lessons from Existing Decolonial Projects A Stereoscope of Knowledge Identifying Homologous Rays and Superposing Images Western Re-delineation of the Limits of Its Research Through the Guidance of the Epistemologies of the South Simultaneous Southern Acknowledgment of the Usefulness of Western Concepts and Theories in Understanding Their Situations Perceiving the Third Colonial Dimension and Implementing Further Decolonial Action Conclusion References 18: Human Trafficking on the Global Periphery: A Terrible Spectacle Introduction From Palermo to Washington: Trafficking and Global Crime Control Trafficking (in) ‘Quantifacts’ Conclusion References Laws Cited UN Items 19: Trading Corruption North/South Corruption and Social Bonding Marketing Corruption South World Corruptibility Neocolonial Neoliberal Imperialism Globalization—The New Empire of Inequality Hegemonic Coding and Foreign Direct Investment Globalization and the Market/Social Corruption as Relations of Power Concealing Corruption as a Business?—South World Vulnerabilities References Legislation 20: Capturing Crime in the Antipodes: Colonist Cultural Representation of Indigeneity Introduction ‘Other’ Portrayals of Indigenous Australians After First Contact Collecting ‘Civilization’ Assimilation and ‘Authenticity’ Challenging Paradigms New Terrain? The National Museum of Australia Site Studies: Reimagining Colonialism at the NMA Site Studies: Beyond the Cityscape Conclusion References Cases Legislation 21: Visual Criminology and the Southern Crime Scene Introduction: Context-Free Crime Criminology, the Image and Southern Fatality Criminological Ethnography: Portraits of Violence Conclusion References 22: Staying Safe in Colombia and Mexico: Skilled Navigation and Everyday Insecurity Introduction Insecurity and Violence in Mexico and Colombia Methodology and Data Theorizing the Skilled Navigator Perceptions of Institutional Trustworthiness and Effectiveness Everyday Insecurity and Practices of Securing Conclusion References 23: A Southern Perspective on Extrajudicial Police Killings in Bangladesh Introduction The Beginning of RAB Militarization of the RAB Southern Perspective on the Conception of the RAB Methodology Controlling Crime and Extrajudicial Killing Explaining RAB Policing Assessing RAB from the Perspective of Southern Criminology Conclusion References Legislation 24: Developing a Global South Perspective of Street Children’s Involvement in Organized Crime Introduction Organized Crime, Gangs and Street Children Bangladesh Research Methods Mastaans and the Market for Protection ‘Illicit Child Laborers’ Conclusion References 25: Public Spitting in ‘Developing’ Nations of the Global South: Harmless Embedded Practice or Disgusting, Harmful and Deviant? Introduction Association of Spitting with Disease Spitting and Disease Transmission—The Evidence How Might We Understand the Place of Spitting in Industrialized Western Societies? A Civilizing Process? Distinction: Taste, Habitus and Practice ‘Dirt’, Discipline and Deviance Spitting, Moralism and Public Health Reflections on Spitting, Anti-spitting Campaigns and Control in China and India Cosmopolitanism, Knowledge Production and Health Policy ‘Disruptive Cosmopolitanism’ Conclusion References Cases 26: Trends and Patterns of Police-Related Deaths in Brazil Introduction Theoretical Background: Factors Affecting Police Violence Violence Generates Violence Institutions, Police Organization, and Training Impunity and Inefficient Judicial Justice Organized Crime, Police Corruption, and Availability of Weapons Inequality, Ethnic Bias, and Police Violence The Case Study Brazil as the Study Area The Dataset and Data Quality Issues Methods Trends of Police Killings The Geography of Police Killings Modeling Rates of Police-Related Deaths Results Trends in Police Violence and Processes of Change in Brazil The Geography of Police-Related Deaths in Brazil Predictors of State-Level Police Violence Potential Explanations of State-Level Police Violence Limitations Conclusions and Recommendations Appendix References 27: Violent Crimes Committed by Juveniles in Mexico Context The Problem Methodology Violent Crimes Categories of Violent Criminal Activity Organized Crime Gangs Individual Crimes Conclusions References 28: Expectations and Encounters: Comparing Perceptions of Police Services Among the Underprivileged in South Africa and Zimbabwe Introduction Advancing Knowledge Production on Policing in the South History of Police-Citizen Relationships in South Africa and Zimbabwe South Africa Zimbabwe Methods Background to the Research Sites: Du Noon, Cape Town and Mbare, Harare Du Noon Mbare Findings Du Noon, South Africa Mbare, Zimbabwe Discussion: Imagining, Perceiving and Encountering the Police in South Africa and Zimbabwe Conclusion References 29: Understanding Crime and Justice in Torres Strait Islander Communities Introduction The Racialization of Indigenous Australians Giving Context to the Torres Strait Island Experience Education Employment and Income Crime Spatializing Indigenous Australian Justice Practices Conclusion References Legislation 30: Crime, Criminality, and North-to-South Criminological Complexities: Theoretical Implications for Policing ‘Hotspot’ Communities in ‘Underdeveloped’ Countries Introduction Social, Cultural, and Ideological Considerations: Understanding the Margins Colonialism Post-colonialism Northern Theories as Southern Solutions: The Force-to-Fit Matrix Foreign Signifiers of Appropriateness Borrowed Solutions/Theories Borrowed Policies Borrowed Experts Relevance of Research from the Margins: The Case of the Citizen Security Program in T&T Political Culture and Institutional Structures of the GoRTT Final Considerations References 31: Crimes of the Powerful in the Global South: ‘State Failure’ as Elite Success Introduction Papua New Guinea Ivory Coast Bretton-Woods Adjustments Student Unions, Politicians, and Corruption Conclusion References Cases Legislation Part III: Southern Penalities 32: Beyond the ‘Neo-liberal Penality Thesis’? Punitive Turn and Political Change in South America A Punitive Turn A Neo-liberal Penality? Political Change A Legacy from the Recent Past? From Deep to Proximate Processes: Politics and Penality ‘Thick’ Approaches and Visions from the Global South References 33: Transformations of the Crime Control Field in Colombia Introduction The Politics of Criminal Policies in Colombia The National Front Period and the Threat of Communism The 1980s: The War on Drugs The 1990s: Democratization, Neo-liberalism, and the Consolidation of Authoritarian Liberalism Authoritarian Liberalism for the New Millennium Different Discourses, Similar Actions: The Criminal and Security Policies of the Uribe (2002–2010) and Santos (2010–2017) Administrations The Neo-liberal Penal State and Authoritarian Liberalism: Adaptation and Transformation in Fertile Ground Conclusion: Taking Criminology and the Sociology of Punishment into New Directions References Legislation 34: Punishment at the Margins: Groundwork for a Revisited Sociology of Punishment Introduction Epistemological Shifts: Knowledge Production in the South The South in the North The Expanding South: The Return of the Underclass Southern Theory, Post-colonialism and Subaltern Studies The Interconnectedness of Global Spaces: Dependency and World-System Theories The Latin American Specificity: Marginal Realism and Liberation Criminology Conclusion: Southern Punishment and the Redress of Missed Opportunities References 35: One of the Smallest Prison Populations in the World Under Threat: The Case of Tuvalu Tuvaluan Justice Arrangements Solving Disputes in Families Solving Disputes Through the Church Solving Disputes in the Community Adversarial Justice Threats to Community Life and Customary Modes of Dispute Resolution The Adaptation of Human Rights in Tuvalu Economic Liberalization and Alcohol Imports The Impact of Climate Change Conclusion References 36: Rethinking Penal Modernism from the Global South: The Case of Convict Transportation to Australia Introduction: Penality and Southern Theory The Transportation of Convicts to Australia 1788–1868 Global Convict Transportation: ‘A New Cartography of Criminal Justice and Empire’ (Anderson 2016: 381) Rethinking the Penal Modernist Narrative 1: British Convict Transportation to Australia and Nineteenth-Century Penal Development in Britain Rethinking the Penal Modernist Narrative 2: Convict Transportation and Penal and Social Development in the Australian Colonies Transportation, Punishment and Race Conclusion: Punishment and Society and Southern Criminology References 37: ‘Profiles’ of Deportability: Analyzing Spanish Migration Control Policies from a Neocolonial Perspective Introduction The Citizenship of Migrants Targeted by the Spanish Deportation Apparatus Reasons Underlying the Nationality-Driven Selectiveness of the Migration Control System The Government of the Southern Border Crimmigration Issues: The Interplay Between the Deportation Apparatus and the Criminal Justice System The Efficiency-Driven Needs of the Migration Control Regime ‘Profiles of Deportability’ and Postcolonial Footprints References 38: The Rise of Crimmigration in Australia: Importing Laws and Exporting Lives Introduction Crimmigration’s Illiberal Power A Historical Perspective of Australian Crimmigration: From Criminal Deportation to Visa Cancellation The Character Test and Cancellation Regime: 1992–2014 Dangers of the Character Test Widening Visa Cancellation Powers and Renewed Focus on Enforcement: 2014–2015 Changes Shifting Focus on Law Enforcement Importing Laws and Exporting Lives? Were the Changes Necessary? The Dangers of Subjective Risk Assessments Lessons from the United States Case Study: Impact on New Zealand Citizens Conclusion References Cases Legislation Part IV: Gender, Culture and Crime on the Global Periphery 39: Globalizing Feminist Criminology: Gendered Violence During Peace and War Why Globalize Feminist Criminology? Violence Against Women and War Current Trends in Women’s Wartime Victimization The Peace and War Continuum in Violence Against Women War Strategy and the Victimization of Women Post-conflict, Justice and Women Preventing Gendered Violence: Lessons from the Global South Police Stations for Women in Latin America Concluding Observations References Cases Legislation Human Rights Instruments 40: Criminology and the Violence(s) of Northern Theorizing: A Critical Examination of Policy Transfer in Relation to Violence Against Women from the Global North to the Global South Introduction From North to South: Policies on Violence Against Women Exporting Without a License: Pro-arrest in Cases of Domestic Violence Exporting Without a License: Domestic Violence Disclosure Schemes (Clare’s Law) Reflections on ‘Exporting Without a License’ Travelling Policies: Problems and Possibilities Direction of Travel: Erasure and Silencing Concluding Reflections: Liberal Law, the Individual and the Nomos of Criminology References 41: Globalization and Theorizing Intimate Partner Violence from the Global South Introduction Feminist Accounts of Globalization Globalization, Gender Norms and IPV Globalization, Gender Practices and IPV Globalization, Gendered Ideologies and IPV Implications for Theorizing IPV in the Global South References 42: Male Violence Against Women in the Global South: What We Know and What We Don’t Know Introduction What Is the Difference Between the Global North and the Global South? Violence Against Women in the Global South: What Do We Know and How Do We Know It? What Are the Next Steps? Conclusion References 43: A Critical Understanding of Resistance to Criminalization of Female Genital Mutilation in Kenya Introduction An Overview of FGM Prevalence and Current Trends of FGM/C in Kenya Criminalization of FGM/C in Kenya Cultural and Community Support of FGM/C in Kenya Understanding the Resistance to Criminalizing FGM/C Conclusions References Legislation 44: Feminicide: Impunity for the Perpetrators and Injustice for the Victims Introduction The Lives Within the Patriarchal Frameworks Ciudad Juárez, the Dispossessed City The Constant Historical Impunity: Not Even One More! Never Again! Social Resistance Toward the Hermeneutics of the Social Matrix of Suffering Conclusion References Cases 45: Patriarchy, Gender Inequality and Criminal Victimization of Women in Turkey Introduction A Brief History of Women’s Right in Turkey Women’s Citizenship and Patriarchy in Turkey Violence Against Women in Turkey Murder of Women Honor Killing Conclusion References Legislation Human Rights Instruments 46: Constructions of Honor-Based Violence: Gender, Context and Orientalism Introduction: Honor-Based Violence (HBV) Intimate Partner Violence (IPV), Auckland and Global Context Methodology Results Coping with HBV Free from HBV and a ‘Mature Multiculturalism’ Discussion and Conclusion References Part V: Transitional Justice and Justice Innovations: Lessons from the Global South 47: Criminology, Peacebuilding and Transitional Justice: Lessons from the Global South Northern Peacebuilding and Transitional Justice as Captured Theory Making Southern Criminology Less Criminological Relearning Policing from Melanesian Experience Making Transitional Justice Less Transitional Conclusion References 48: Building Social Democracy Through Transitional Justice: Lessons from Argentina (1983–2015) Introduction State Crimes and Transitional Justice in Argentina Dictatorships and Transitions to Democracy Transitional Justice, Social Democracy and Penal Moderation Images of Crimes, Punishment, Victims and Trials Are State Crimes Worse than or Different in Nature to Common Crimes? Representations and Justifications of Punishment in a Democracy Victims of the Crimes of the Powerful and Victims of Common Crimes State Crimes, Collective Memory and Public Criminal Trials Conclusions References Legislation 49: Trauma on Trial: Survival and Witnessing at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Introduction What Cannot Be Heard: Traumatic Testimony Trauma on Trial: Reading Traumatic Testimony Into and Against the Witness Stand Conclusion: Law’s Past and Trauma’s Present References Cases Cited 50: Critical Reflections on the Operation of Aboriginal Night Patrols Introduction The Sociopolitical Context of Night Patrols Night Patrols as a Criminology of Everyday Life Discussion The Service Night Patrols and the ‘Crime Problem’ Addressing the Causes of Crime Conclusion References Legislation Erratum to: The Palgrave Handbook of Criminology and the Global South Index