The Oxford Handbook on Atrocity Crimes (Oxford Handbooks)

"The Oxford Handbook on Atrocity Crimes consolidates and further develops the evolving field of atrocity studies by combining major mono-, inter-, and multi-disciplinary research on atrocity crimes in one volume encompassing contributions of leading scholars. Atrocity crimes-war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide-are manifestations of large scale and systematic criminality committed within specific political, ideological, and societal contexts. These crimes are committed by a multiplicity of actors against a large number of victims who suffer far-reaching consequences. Scholars studying mass atrocities are scattered not only across disciplines-such as international (criminal) law, international relations, criminology, political science, psychology, sociology, history, anthropology, or demography-but also across the topic-related fields, which are by definition multi- and interdisciplinary but are typically limited to a particular category or aspect of atrocity crimes. This Handbook brings together these strands of scholarship on (mass) atrocities and interrogates atrocity crimes as an overarching category of criminality, while simultaneously keeping an eye on differences among the individual constitutive categories. The Handbook covers topics related to the etiology and causes of atrocities, the actors involved, the harm and victims of atrocity crimes, the reactions to mass atrocities, and in-depth case studies of understudied situations of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide"-- Provided by publisher Cover THE OXFORD HANDBOOK ON ATROCITY CRIMES Copyright Contents Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations List of Contributors Introduction: Atrocity Crimes and Atrocity Studies—​Barbora Holá, Hollie Nyseth Nzitatira, and Maartje Weerdesteijn PART I — ​Atrocity Crimes 1. Genealogy and Etymology of Atrocity Crimes—​Jeremy Kuperberg and John Hagan 2. On the Empirical Study of Atrocity Crimes—​Catrien Bijleveld 3. Atrocity Crimes as a Different Type of Crime?—​Mark A. Drumbl PART II — ​Etiology and Causes of Atrocity Crimes 4. Origins of Predicting Genocide and Politicide: Risk Assessments and Early Warnings—​Barbara Harff 5. Human Rights and Atrocities—​Melanie O’Brien 6. Armed Conflict and Atrocities: Understanding Power Dynamics—​Jolle Demmers 7. Natural Resources and Atrocities—​Kieran Mitton 8. Democracies, Dictatorial Regimes, and Atrocities—​Maartje Weerdesteijn 9. Ideologies, Identities, and Speech in Atrocities—​Jonathan Leader Maynard 10. Meso-​Level Dynamics of Atrocities—​Rachel Jacobs and Scott Straus 11. Detention, Torture, Disappearance: The Crimes of Atrocious Organizations—​Susanne Karstedt PART III —​ Actors in Atrocity Crimes 12. Individuals as Perpetrators of Atrocity Crimes—​Alette Smeulers 13. Individuals as Bystanders to Atrocity Crimes—​Roland Moerland 14. On the Margins: Role-​Shifting in Atrocity Crimes—​Erin Jessee 15. Child Soldiers—​Myriam Denov and Anaïs Cadieux Van Vliet 16. Non-​State Actors and Atrocity Crimes—​Uğur Ümit Üngör 17. The Involvement of Corporations in Atrocity Crimes—​ Wim Huisman, Susanne Karstedt, and Annika van Baar 18. The Role of the State in Atrocity Crimes—​Christopher W. Mullins 19. The International Community and Atrocity Crimes: The Responsibility to Protect—​Alex J. Bellamy PART IV — ​Harm and Victims of Atrocity Crimes 20. Victimology of Atrocity Crimes—​Antony Pemberton and Rianne Letschert 21. How Can Mortality Due to Atrocity Crimes Be Estimated? Methods and Data Sources—​Helge Brunborg 22. Atrocity Crimes and Ecocide: Interrelations between Armed Conflict, Violence, and Harm to the Environment—​Daan P. van Uhm 23. Forced Migrants and Atrocity Crimes—​Victoria Colvin and Phil Orchard 24. In the Aftermath of Atrocities: Research on the Intergenerational Transmission of Trauma and Violence—​Lidewyde Berckmoes PART V —​ Reactions to Atrocity Crimes 25. Transitional Justice in the 21st Century: History, Effectiveness, and Challenges—​David Tolbert and Marcela Prieto Rudolphy 26. International Criminal Justice—​Nancy Amoury Combs 27. Sexual Violence as a Practice of War: Implications for the Investigation and Prosecution of Atrocity Crimes—​Kim Thuy Seelinger and Elisabeth Jean Wood 28. Amnesties and Truth Commissions—​Jeremy Julian Sarkin 29. Customary Responses—​Joanna R. Quinn 30. Reparations and the Role of Apologies—​Stephanie Wolfe 31. Memory and Memorialization after Atrocities—​Nicole Fox PART VI — ​Case Studies 32. War Crimes in Angola—​Joris van Wijk 33. War Crimes, Atrocities, and Resistance in Colombia—​Oliver Kaplan B. Crimes against Humanity 34. Crimes against Humanity in Indonesia (1965–​1966)— ​Jess Melvin and Annie Pohlman 35. Crimes against Humanity and Transitional Justice in Ethiopia (1935–​2020)—​Thijs B. Bouwknegt and Tadesse Simie Metekia C. Genocide 36. Guatemala: Genocide and its Aftermath—​Naomi Roht-​Arriaza 37. Genocide against the Êzidîs in Iraq: The Sinjār Massacre and its Aftermath—​Kjell Anderson Index Social scientific research focusing on mass atrocities, which include widespread or systematic crimes such as genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes, expanded after the end of the Cold War. Mass violence in the former Yugoslavia, as well as the genocide in Rwanda, sparked new research initiatives in numerous disciplines. Scholars working in various academic fields such as international (criminal) law, political science, psychology, sociology, history, anthropology, and demography began to focus on the causes and consequences of atrocity crimes. Yet knowledge generated by these various disciplines remains scattered and has not been integrated into a single edited volume. The Oxford Handbook on Atrocity Crimes surveys and further develops the evolving field of atrocity crimes studies by combining major mono-, inter-, and multi-disciplinary research on atrocity crimes in one comprehensive volume. With contributions of leading scholars, this handbook will be an essential source and reference tool. Unique in its thematic focus (atrocity crimes as an overarching phenomenon, including crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes) as well as in its comprehensive scope, the book covers the etiology, the actors involved, the harm caused, the reactions to atrocity crimes, and in-depth analyses of understudied situations of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. The Oxford Handbook on Atrocity Crimes surveys and further develops the evolving field of atrocity crime studies through interdisciplinary research on war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide in one comprehensive volume encompassing contributions of leading scholars.