The Oxford Handbook of Scottish Politics (Oxford Handbooks)

Cover The Oxford Handbook of Scottish Politics Copyright Preface Contents List of Figures List of Tables List of Contributors Chapter 1. Scotland as a Political Community What is Scotland? Perspectives on Scotland Scotland as Society Political Traditions and the Political Agenda Institutional Dynamics New Politics Multilevel Scotland Scotland in the World Imagining Scotland References Part I: Understanding Scotland Chapter 2: Nationality and National Identity Introduction What is National Identity? Trends in National Identity Re-Measuring National Identity Politics and National Identity The Enigma of Brexit The Provenance of National Identity Conclusion References Chapter 3: The Scottish Union in Historic Perspective Contexts Why was the Union Passed? The Shape of Union Why has the Union Survived? References Chapter 4: Women, Gender, and Politics in Scotland Introduction Trends in Recruitment and Representation When is Contagion not very Contagious: Women's Representation 1999-2016 Women's Representation after 2016: Catching on Again? Substantive Represenation and the Case of Gender-based Violence New Politics? Women, Gender, and Scottish Politics: Conclusions References Chapter 5: Youth Politics in Scotland: Participation and Inclusion Background The Scottish Context: The Early Years Young Institutions, but Institutions for the Young? Public Petitions and Young People Committee Work and Young People Enfranchisement at 16-An Opportunity for Change? Youth Engagement Following Enfranchisement in Scotland Remaining Cautious: Open Questions References Chapter 6: Multicultural Scotland Introduction: Three Perspectives on Multiculturalism The Demographic Perspective The Sociological Perspective Conclusion References Chapter 7: Understanding the Union Strands of Unionism Scotland in Union: Guaranteed Autonomy or Incorporation? Social Union in 1707 Trade and Security Unionism in 1707 Nationalist Unionism in 1707 and Now The Modern Social Union The Modern Trade and Security Union Miller and the Contest between Defoe and Dicey 28 Acts of the Scottish Parliament Conclusion References Chapter 8: The Scottish Constitution Introduction Scotland's Constitutional Arrangements before Devolution The Scotland Act as a Constitution The Institutional Structure of Devolved Government Supremacy A Small-c Constitution Entrenching the Devolution Settlement The Interim Constitution Prospects References Cases Chapter 9: Scotland’s Dual Public Sphere and the Media Introduction The Press in Scotland Broadcasting The Media and the 2014 Independence Referendum Meida Consumption and Devolution Where Next? References Chapter 10: Twin Tracks: Cultural and Political Nationalism after 1967 Cultural and Political Nationalism Subjective and Objective Nationality Tom Nairn and the'Great Scottish Dream' 'A crassly philistine body' '79 and After The Primacy of Cultural Difference Re-framing Scotland and 'Experience of the State' Integrating Parallel Stories Culture and Politics Today Conclusion: From the Cheviot to a National Theatre of Scotland References Part II: Parties and Elections Chapter 11: Elections and Electoral Systems A Multi-level Electoral Landscape Election Architecture Campaigning Activities From One Electoral System to Many: A Case Study FPTP at Westminster AMS and the Scottish Parliament STV and Local Government Conclusion References Chapter 12: Political Behaviour in Scotland Introduction What Influences Political Behaviour? Scottish Voting Behaviour What Influences Scottish Vote Choice? Are Scottish Elections Second Order? Did the 2014 Independence Referendum Lead to Greater Levels of Engagement? Conclusion References Chapter 13: The Scottish Conservative Party Introduction Origins and Development Ideology The Devolution Question and Policy Change Davidson, Davidsonism, and the Scottish Conservative Revival? Conclusion References Chapter 14: The Scottish Labour Party Introduction The Organization and Development of Scottish Labour The Electoral Dimensions of Scottish Labour The Territorial Politics of Scottish Labour: Ogranization The Territorial Politics of Scottish Labour: Policy The Internal Politics of Scottish Labour The Ideological Dimension of Scottish Labour under Devolution The Evolution of Devolution and After A Future for Scottish Labour? References Chapter 15: The Scottish National Party Introduction The SNP's Electoral Performance The SNP's Ideological Character The SNP's Vision of Independence The SNP as a Professional and Governing Party The SNP and the Scottish Independence Referendum(s) The SNP's Support Base The SNP and Movement Politics Conclusion References Chapter 16: Smaller Parties Introduction The Problem of 'Smallness' Small Parties in Scotland Scottish Liberal Democrats Scottish Green Party Scottish Socialist Party UKIP Scottish Senior Citizens Unity Party Others Smaller Parties and the Scottish Party System Conclusion References Chapter 17: Religion and Political Parties Introduction The Labour Party and the Catholic Vote Protestant Identity and Political Preference Devolution and 'Indyref' Conclusion References Chapter 18: Ethnic Minorities and Political Citizenship in Scotland Introduction Scotland's Ethnic Minorities Ethnic Minority Representation in Government in Scotland Barriers to Politics in Scotland Emerging Improvements in Approaches to Ethnic Minority Representation in Scottish Politics Aspirational Pluralism and Ethnic Minority Political Representation: Rhetoric or Reality? References Chapter 19: Green Politics Introduction Introducing Green Politics Adding Scotland to the Equation Understanding Green Politics in Scotland The Case of Climate Change Limitations in Scottish Green Ambitions Conclusion References Part III: Institutions and the Policy Process Chapter 20: Devolution Introduction Asymmetrical Devolution The Process of Devolution The Governing Model The Powers of the Parliament The Sewel Convention Brexit and Devolution Conclusion References Chapter 21: The Civil Service and Government Structures The Civil Service in Scotland The Expenditure Context and Central-Local Framework Continuity and Change for the Public Service after 1999 Minister-Civil Servant Relations in Different Political Contexts Leaders and Leadership Styles in the Civil Service The Structures of Scottish Government-A UK Analogue Other Aspects of UK System Replication The Structure at Civil Service Level-No Ministries The 'Scottish Model'-National Outcomes and Community Planning Service Delivery Choices in Key Policy Areas Modes of Behaviour: The Challenge of Nationalism Stabilization Functions and High Politics Conclusion: A Strong Bureaucracy in a Derived Framework References Chapter 22: The Leadership and Management of Public Services Reform in Scotland Introduction Public Value Leadership and Netwrok Governance Public Services Reform in Scotland: Context, Opportunites, and Challenges Delivering Effective Public Value Leadeship in a Complex Netwrok: Contemporary Challenges in Scotland? Conclusion References Chapter 23: Interest Groups and Policy Communities Introduction The Interest Landscape in Scotland Prior to 1999 Devolution in Context: Regionalization/Territorialization The Regionalization of Interests in Scotland? A Distinctively Scottish Policy System? Venue Shopping Conclusion References Chapter 24: Religion, Policy, and Politics Reformation and Religious Pluralism Pluralism and Social Division Secularization Reglion and Policy Attitudes within Faith Communities Family and Sexual Attitudes Conclusion References Chapter 25: The ‘Scottish Approach’ to Policymaking Introduction: Scottish Policymaking in Historical and Intenational Context The SATP as a New Model of Government and Public Service Delivery The Development of the 'Scottish Model of Government' The 'Scottish Approach' Since 2013: Improvement, Assets, Co-Production, and 'Decisive Shift to Prevention' The SATP as Three Models of Policy Delivery Three Models Constrained by Democratic Accountability? The Implications of Each Model for Leadership and Public Service Reform Conclusion: The Scottish Approach as a Signal of Aspiration References Chapter 26: The Scottish Parliament Introduction The Road to a Scottish Parliament Setting Up the New Parliament The Legislative Process The Scottish Parliament Budget Process Assessing the Realization of 'New Politics' A Maturing Institution Conclusion References Chapter 27: The Political Class in Scotland New Politics, New Politicians? Gender Balance Class and Occupation The Political Career Education A Scottish Political Class? References Chapter 28: The Politics of Scotland’s Public Finances Introduction The Dilemmas of Fiscal Decentralization Political Realignments of State Size and Fiscal Decentralization Public Finances of Scotland versus Scottish-controlled Public Finances The Workings and Impact of the Barnett Formula Devolved Taxation Conclusion References Part IV: Multilevel Politics Chapter 29: Local Government Introduction Shaping Scotland's Local Government: The Pre-Devolution Structure and Legacy Post-Devolution Approaches Scottish Local Democracy The Welfare State and Local Government The Role of Local Government Conclusion References Chapter 30: Intergovernmental Relations: Two Decades of Co-operation, Competition, and Constitutional Change Introduction: A Shock to the System Union, Federalism and the Constitutional Underpinnings of Intergovernmental Relations Mechanisms of Co-operation IGR and Territorial Finance The IGR of Constitutional Change Decades of Development, with More to Come Conclusion References Chatper 31: Scotland at Westminster Introduction The Liberals and Liberal Democrats The Unionist Party/Conservative and Unionist Party Labour The SNP: From Marginal Presence to the Third Party at Westminster Scottish Affairs Committee Scottish Grand Committee Departmental Questions The West Lothian Question Conclusion References Chapter 32: Scotland International: Understanding Scotland’s International Relations Introduction Explaining Scotland's International Connectedness Government, Economy, and Development Engaging the USA and Canada Relations with People's Republic of China International Development Conclusion References Chapter 33: Scotand and Europe Introduction The 2016 EU Referendum: Scotland and the Rest of the UK Political and Policy Responses to the Brexit Vote The Initial Response Diferentiation or Indendence ‘Soft’ Brexit Strategy Brexit Transition, Independence and the EU Conclusion References Chapter 34: The Independence Question Introduction Conceptualizaing Self-Government and Independence Independence in a Changing Context Scotish Independence, the United Kingdom, and the British Empire Independence and the Nation state Independence in Europe The Road to Referendum Independencein 2014 Independence in a Changing World Reference Chapter 35: The Independence Referendum of 2014: Issues and Outcome Introduction Towards the Referendum The Rules The Protagonists Experts and Evidence The Issues Identity: Scottishness, Britishness, and Union The Economy Welfare The External Dimension Risk and Uncertainty Did the Campaign Matter? When No eans More Winners and Losers The Next Referendum References Part V: Whither Scotland? Chapter 36: The State of Scotland Chapter 37: Scotland, Britain, and the Union Introduction Building Plitical Captial, nvesting in Political Infrastructure Deconstructing the Idea of Britain ScottishNationalism: From Romance to Respectability Re-Imaging Britain References Index of Names General Index