The Oxford Handbook of Reformed Theology (Oxford Handbooks)

Cover The Oxford Handbook of Reformed Theology Copyright Contents List of Contributors Introduction I.1 On Reformed Theology I.2 Contexts I.3 Texts I.4 Topics I.5 Conclusion References Part I: Contexts Chapter 1: Reformed Theology and the Church Fathers 1.1 Reformed Confessions, Creeds, and the Fathers 1.2 Confessions Supported by Patristic Testimony 1.3 Agreement with the Fathers 1.4 Patristic Heresiology Actualized 1.5 Limitations Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 2: Reformed Theology and Medieval Theology 2.1 The Training and Theology of the Reformers 2.1.1 Martin Luther (1483–1546) 2.1.2 Ulrich Zwingli (1484–1531) 2.1.3 Martin Bucer (1491–1551) 2.1.4 John Calvin (1509–1564) 2.1.5 Peter Martyr Vermigli (1499–1562) and Jerome Zanchi (1516–1590) 2.2 Codification, Confessionalization, and Institutionalization 2.2.1 John Owen (1616–1683) 2.2.2 Francis Turretin (1623–1687) 2.3 Theology 2.3.1 Existence and the Divine Name 2.3.2 Simplicity 2.3.3 Causality, Providence, and Predestination 2.3.4 Synchronic Contingency 2.3.5 Infused Habits of Grace 2.3.6 The Person of Christ 2.4 Conclusion Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 3: Reformed Theology in the Context of the Reformation(s) 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Protestant Consensus in the Reformation 3.3 The Origins and Development of the Lutheran/Reformed Confessional Division 3.4 The Context for the Development of Reformed Theolog 3.5 Scripture 3.6 Worship 3.7 The Rise of Reformed Orthodoxy 3.8 The Rise of Arminianism 3.9 Conclusion Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 4: Reformed Theology in Scholastic Development 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Terminology and Demarcation of the Field 4.3 Historiography of Reformed Scholasticism 4.4 Achievements and Limitations 4.5 A Plea for Reformed Scholasticism as a Period of Renewal 4.6 A Plea for a Hermeneutical Approach Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 5: Reformed Theology and the Enlightenment 5.1 The Challenge of New Philosophy 5.2 Transitions in Theology 5.3 Reformed Reception of Anglican Latitudinarianism 5.4 Conclusion Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 6: Reformed Theologyand the Humanities Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 7: Reformed Theology and Modern Biblical Criticism 7.1 John Calvin as Modern Criticism’s Forebear? 7.2 Modernity’s Great Shift: The Epistemic Location of Belief and the Rise of Historical Consciousness 7.3 Charles Augustus Briggs and Old Princeton: The Controversy Illustrated 7.4 Creation and Redemption in Biblical Theology: Geerhardus Vos, Karl Barth, and Brevard Childs 7.4.1 Geerhardus Vos 7.4.2 Karl Barth 7.4.3 Brevard Childs 7.5 Conclusion Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 8: Reformed Theology in Modern Europe (Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries) 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Reformed Theology in Western Europe 8.2.1 Scotland 8.2.2 The Netherlands 8.2.3 Switzerland 8.2.4 Germany 8.2.5 France 8.3 Reformed Theology in Eastern Europe 8.3.1 Hungary 8.4 Conclusion Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 9: Reformed Theology in North America 9.1 Early Background 9.2 Growing Pains in a Covenanted Society 9.3 The Legacy of Jonathan Edwards and the New England Theology 9.4 A New School for a New Republic 9.5 Old Princeton and the Reassertion of Reformed Orthodoxy 9.6 The Southern and German Alternatives to the New School 9.7 The Fracturing of the Reformed Tradition in America 9.8 Contemporary Trajectories of Reformed Theology in North America Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 10: Reformed Theology and Global Christianity: The Cases of South Africa and Korea 10.1 The Dutch Reformed in South Africa 10.2 Reformed Protestantism in Korea 10.3 Global, Western, Indigenous? Suggested Reading Bibliography Part II: Texts Chapter 11: Martin Bucer’s Kingdom of Christ 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Historical Context 11.3 Structure and Sources 11.4 Argument 11.5 Theological Contribution 11.6 Conclusion Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 12: John Calvin’s Institutes of the Christian Religion 12.1 The View from 1541 12.2 The 1559 Institutes 12.2.1 Book IV 12.2.2 Gain and Loss 12.3 Conclusion Suggested Readings Bibliography Chapter 13: Heinrich Bullinger’s Decades 13.1 Head of the Church 13.2 The Character of the Decades 13.3 Structure of the Decades 13.3.1 Dedication of First Ten Sermons to the Zurich Clergy (1549) 13.3.2 The Argument 13.4 Dedication to Edward VI (1550) 13.5 Conclusion Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 14: The Three Forms of Unity 14.1 Belgic Confession (1561) 14.1.1 Historical Background 14.1.2 Theology 14.2 Heidelberg Catechism (1563) 14.2.1 Historical Background 14.2.2 Theology 14.3 Canons of Dort (1619) 14.3.1 Historical Background 14.3.2 Theology Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 15: The Westminster Standards 15.1 The Catechisms 15.2 Principia 15.3 Creation and Providence 15.4 Redemption Accomplished 15.5 Redemption Applied 15.6 Law and Liberty 15.7 Corporate Christian Life 15.8 Typology and Eschatology Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 16: John Owen’s Discourse on the Holy Spirit 16.1 Introducing John Owen and His Works 16.2 Introducing John Owen’s Pneumatologia 16.3 The Structure of Pneumatologia 16.3.1 To the Readers 16.3.2 Book I 16.3.3 Book II 16.3.4 Book III 16.3.5 Book IV 16.3.6 Book V Suggested Reading Bibliography Secondary Texts Chapter 17: Francis Turretin’s Institutes of Elenctic Theology 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Background to Turretin’s Scholastic Theology 17.3 The Occasion and Origin of Turretin’s Institutio 17.4 The Genre of Turretin’s Institutes 17.5 Turretin’s Method Analysed and Illustrated 17.6 Select Observations concerning Turretin’s Institutes 17.7 The Institutio in English Translation Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 18: Jonathan Edwards’ A Treatise Concerning Religious Affections 18.1 Part I: True Religion, Affection, and the Nature of Spiritual Knowledge 18.1.1 The Nature of Affection 18.1.2 The Nature of Religious Affection 18.1.3 The Spring of Affection 18.1.4 Indwelling Corruption 18.2 Part II: Negative and Positive Signs 18.2.1 Receiving Religious Affections Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 19: Friedrich Schleiermacher’s Christian Faith 19.1 The World of the Glaubenslehre 19.2 Schleiermacher’s Christian Faith 19.3 Schleiermacher’s Christian Faith as a work of Reformed Theology 19.3.1 Reading Backward 19.3.2 The Conclusion as Interpretive Key: The Doctrine of the Trinity 19.3.3 Ecclesial Pneumatology 19.3.4 Christology 19.3.5 Doctrine of Creation 19.4 Schleiermacher’s Influence Suggested Readings Bibliography Chapter 20: Abraham Kuyper’s Lectures on Calvinism 20.1 More than a Theology or Church Tradition 20.2 Politics: Grounded in Creation 20.3 Functions of a Healthy State 20.4 Churches and Governments 20.5 Science in its Own Place 20.6 The Liberation of the Arts 20.7 The Calvinist ‘Harp’ Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 21: Karl Barth’s Church Dogmatics 21.1 What Must Be Said First 21.2 Faith in the Creator Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 22: The Belhar Confession 22.1 Introduction 22.2 The History and Origin of the Belhar Confession 22.3 The DRMC Synod Meetings of 1982 and 1986 22.4 The Theological Content of the Belhar Confession 22.5 The Reception of the Belhar Confession 22.6 Conclusion Suggested Reading Bibliography Part III: Topics and Themes Chapter 23: Prolegomena 23.1 Introduction 23.2 The Reformed Reformers 23.3 Reformed Orthodoxy 23.4 The Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: From Schleiermacher to Reformed Epistemology 23.5 Prospect Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 24: The Doctrine of God Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 25: The Divine Decree 25.1 Introduction 25.2 The Divine Decree 25.3 The Divine Decree in the Classical Reformed Tradition 25.3.1 The Decision to Elect unto Salvation 25.3.2 The Decision to Ordain unto Damnation 25.3.3 The Objections to Reformed Doctrine 25.3.4 The Diversity of Reformed Doctrine 25.4 Two Later Developments in Reformed Views of the Divine Decree 25.4.1 Friedrich Schleiermacher 25.4.2 Karl Barth 25.5 Conclusion Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 26: Creation and Providence 26.1 The Trinitarian Context of the Theme of Creation 26.2 Creation as an Act of God’s Will and Goodness 26.3 Creation, Covenant, and Salvation 26.4 Creation as Beginning Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 27: Covenant 27.1 The Significance of ‘Covenant’ in Scripture 27.2 The Rise of Covenant (Federal) Theology 27.2.1 Zwingli’s Anti-Anabaptist Polemics 27.2.2 Luther’s Law/Gospel Distinction 27.2.3 Distinction between the Covenant of Works and the Covenant of Grace 27.2.4 Contemporary Reformed Interpretations Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 28: Christ 28.1 Contexts and Development 28.2 Origins and Methods 28.3 Lutheran and Reformed 28.3.1 Communicatio idiomatum 28.3.2 Divine and Human: Some Representative Emphases 28.3.3 The extra Calvinisticum 28.3.4 The munus triplex 28.4 Some Other Modern Developments Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 29: Redemption Accomplished: Atonement 29.1 Introduction: ‘For he himself is our peace’ (Eph. 2:14) 29.1.1 War and Peace 29.1.2 From Day to Doctrine of Atonement 29.1.3 Towards a Distinctly Reformed Understanding 29.2 Always Reforming? Federal Theology and its Christological ‘Correction’ 29.2.1 From Calvin to Murray: The Development of Reformed (Federal) Orthodoxy 29.2.1.1 The Three Covenants 29.2.1.2 The Three Covenantal Offices 29.2.2 From Barth to ‘Evangelical Calvinism’: The Triumph of Grace? 29.2.2.1 An Italian Dissent 29.2.2.2 A Swiss ‘Correction’ 29.2.2.3 A Scottish ‘Nae’ 29.3 The Intent of Atonement: To Whom is Jesus’ Death Directed (and Why Is It Needed)? 29.4 The Content of Atonement: What Does Jesus’ Death Actually Accomplish (and How)? 29.5 The Event of Atonement: When Was Redemption Accomplished (and Where)? 29.6 The Extent of Atonement: For Whom Was Redemption Accomplished (and on What condition)? 29.7 Conclusion: ‘In him we have redemption through his blood’ (Eph. 1:7) Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 30: Redemption Applied: Union with Christ 30.1 What Kind of Doctrine Is Union with Christ? 30.2 Classical Reformed Formulations of Union with Christ 30.3 Federal Theology and Union with Christ 30.4 Union with Christ, Union with God, and Justification 30.5 Union with Christ and the Significance of Covenant Entry 30.6 Conclusion Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 31: Church 31.1 Reformed and Ecumenical Starting Points 31.2 Earthen Vessel Ecclesiology 31.3 The Church as Historical Creature 31.4 The Pilgrim Church Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 32: Sacraments 32.1 Biblical and Early Church Roots 32.2 Sixteenth-Century Emergence of a ‘Reformed’ Tradition 32.2.1 Baptism 32.2.2 Lord’s Supper 32.3 Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries: Puritanism and Pietism, Rationalism, Reform, and Renewal 32.4 Nineteenth Century: Revival, Sacramental Renewal, and Response 32.5 Twentieth Century: Ecumenism, Sacramental Renewal, and Baptismal Debates 32.5.1 Increased Appreciation for Sacraments 32.5.2 Christ, Sacraments, and the Church 32.5.3 Anamnesis 32.5.4 Baptism: Infant and/or Believer? 32.5.5 Baptism by Water and the Spirit 32.6 Contemporary Debates 32.6.1 Reformed Distinctives? 32.6.2 God’s Grace and Human Response 32.6.3 Relation of Baptism and Eucharist 32.6.4 Sacraments and Ethics Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 33: Holy Scripture 33.1 Living Water: The Word and the Spirit 33.2 The Font of the Tradition: John Calvin 33.3 The Flow of the Tradition: The Confessions and Scholasticism 33.4 Four Major Tributaries 33.4.1 Westminster: Communication of Revealed Truth 33.4.2 Amsterdam: Comprehensive Harmony with Creation 33.4.3 Basel: Personal Revelation in Jesus Christ 33.4.4 The Margins: Liberating Truth 33.5 A New Tributary? The Drama of Saving Wisdom 33.6 Conclusion Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 34: Liturgy 34.1 Prelude: What Is Liturgy? 34.2 Survey of the Liturgy of the Lord’s Day 34.2.1 Gathering 34.2.2 Renewal 34.2.3 Word 34.2.4 Response 34.2.5 Sign 34.2.6 Sending 34.3 Postlude Suggested Reading References Chapter 35: Reformed Ethics 35.1 Introduction 35.2 Weber and Troeltsch on the Ethics of Calvinism 35.3 A Holy Life of Lawful Action in Joyful Gratitude to the God to Whom We Belong by Grace 35.3.1 Belonging 35.3.2 Gratitude 35.3.3 Law 35.3.4 Holiness 35.4 Concluding Comments Suggested Reading References Chapter 36: Politics, Society, and Law 36.1 Introduction 36.2 Standard Elements of Reformed Political and Social Theory 36.2.1 Participation 36.2.2 Democracy 36.2.3 Civil Resistance 36.2.4 Law 36.2.5 Economics 36.3 Early Modern and Enlightenment Developments 36.3.1 Tolerance 36.3.2 Nationalism 36.3.3 Human Rights 36.4 Twentieth-Century Contributions: Kuyper and Barth 36.5 Conclusion Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 37: Last Things 37.1 Introduction 37.2 A Few Main Themes 37.3 The Last Things in Reformed Perspective, in Dialogue with Calvin and Barth on 1 Corinthians 15 37.4 Avenues for Future Research 37.5 Conclusion Suggested Reading Bibliography Part IV: Conclusion Future Prospects for Reformed Theology C.1 On Reformed Identity C.2 Always Being Reformed by the Word of God C.3 Testing the Reforms: Faithful and Productive, Unfaithful and Parasitic Suggested Reading Bibliography Index The Oxford Handbook of Reformed Theology looks back to past resources that have informed Reformed theology and surveys present conversations among those engaged in Reformed theology today. First, the volume offers accounts of the major historical contexts of reformed theology, the various relationships (ancient and modern) which it maintains and from which it derives. Recent research has shown the intricate ties between the patristic and medieval heritage of the church and the work of the reformed movement in the sixteenth century. The past century has also witnessed an explosion of reformed theology outside the Western world, prompting a need for attention not only to these global voices but also to the unique (and contingent) history of reformed theology in the West (hence reflecting on its relationship to intellectual developments like scholastic method or the critical approaches of modern biblical studies). Second, the volume assesses some of the classic, representative texts of the reformed tradition, observing also their reception history. The reformed movement is not dominated by a single figure, but it does contain a host of paradigmatic texts that demonstrate the range and vitality of reformed thought on politics, piety, biblical commentary, dogmatic reflection, and social engagement. Third, the volume turns to key doctrines and topics that continue to receive attention by reformed theologians today. Contributors who are themselves making cutting edge contributions to constructive theology today reflect on the state of the question and offer their own proposals regarding a host of doctrinal topics and themes. "This volume looks back to the resources of past and survey the present conversations that are vibrant and ongoing in Reformed theology. First, the volume offers accounts of the great contexts of reformed theology, the various relationships (ancient and modern) which it maintains and from which it derives. Recent research has shown the intricate ties between the patristic and medieval heritage of the church and the work of the reformed movement in the sixteenth century. The past century has also witnessed an explosion of reformed theology outside the Western world, prompting a need for attention not only to these global voices but also to the unique (and contingent) history of reformed theology in the West (hence reflecting on its relationship to intellectual developments like scholastic method or the critical approaches of modern biblical studies). Second, the volume assesses some of the classic, representative texts of the reformed tradition as well as noting their reception history. The reformed movement is not dominated by a single figure, but it does contain a host of paradigmatic texts that demonstrate the vibrancy of reformed thought on politics, piety, biblical commentary, dogmatic reflection, and social engagement. Third, the volume turns to key themes in the present, doctrines and topics that continues to receive attention by reformed theologians today. Contributors who are themselves making cutting edge contributions to constructive theology today reflect on the state of the question as well as their own proposals regarding a host of topics and themes"-- Provided by publisher Reformed theology remains one of the most vibrant fields of discussion in the study of Christian faith and practice. This volume looks back to past resources that have informed Reformed theology, and surveys present conversations among those engaged in Reformed theology today. First, the volume offers accounts of the major historical contexts of Reformed theology, the various relationships (ancient and modern) which it maintains and from which it derives. Recent research has shown the intricate ties between the patristic and medieval heritage of the church and the work of the Reformed movement in the sixteenth century