The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence (Oxford Handbooks)

The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence is a state-of-the-art work on intelligence and national security. Edited by Loch Johnson, one of the world's leading authorities on the subject, the handbook examines the topic in full, beginning with an examination of the major theories of intelligence. It then shifts its focus to how intelligence agencies operate, how they collect information from around the world, the problems that come with transforming "raw" information into credible analysis, and the difficulties in disseminating intelligence to policymakers. It also considers the balance between secrecy and public accountability, and the ethical dilemmas that covert and counterintelligence operations routinely present to intelligence agencies. Throughout, contributors factor in broader historical and political contexts that are integral to understanding how intelligence agencies function in our information-dominated age. The book is organized into the following sections: theories and methods of intelligence studies; historical background; the collection and processing of intelligence; the analysis and production of intelligence; the challenges of intelligence dissemination; counterintelligence and counterterrorism; covert action; intelligence and accountability; and strategic intelligence in other nations. Throughout The Past Few Decades, Interest In The Field Of National Security Intelligence Has Increased Dramatically As A Series Of Intelligence Scandals And Failuressuch As The Iran-contra Affair And The False Claim That Iraq Possessed Weapons Of Mass Destruction - Has Brought Attention To This Young Discipline. The Terrorist Attacks Of 2001 Further Revealed The Inadequacies Of The U.s. Security Apparatus, And A Motion Toward Reform Has Formed In The Wake Of This Tragedy. In Our Information-dominated Age, The Organizations That Function In The Dark Are Increasingly Driving Policy Decisions, And An Understanding Of These Hidden Aspects Of Government Is More Crucial Than Ever. The Oxford Handbook Of National Security Intelligence Surveys The Current Literature On National Security Intelligence, Presenting A Synthesis Of Theories And Findings. The Handbook Discusses National Security Intelligence Within A Political And Historical Context, Explaining How Intelligence Agencies Operate And How They Collect Information From Around The World. It Examines The Problems That Come With Transforming Raw Information Into Credible Analysis, And The Difficulties Involved In Disseminating Intelligence To Policymakers. It Explores The Balance Between Secrecy And Public Accountability, And The Ethical Dilemmas That Covert Operations Routinely Present To Intelligence Agencies. This Authoritative Volume Presents A Comprehensive Overview Of The Discipline, Complete With Research Agendas And Suggestions For Reform. This Handbook Represents The Work Of A Distinguished Team Of International Contributors From A Variety Of Backgrounds: Among The Authors Are Many Prominent Scholars, Intelligence Agents, And Politicians. Their Dynamic Array Of Viewpoints Provides The Reader With An Indispensable Portrait Of This Rapidly Developing Field Of Study, Appropriate For Experts And Casual Readers Alike.--jacket. National Security Intelligence / Loch K. Johnson -- National Security And Public Anxiety: Our Changing Perceptions / Sir Richard Dearlove -- Theories Of Intelligence / Peter Gill -- The Sources And Methods Of Intelligence Studies / James J. Wirtz -- Getting Intelligence History Right: Reflections And Recommendations From The Inside / Nicholas Dujmovic -- Assessing Intelligence Performance / John A. Gentry -- The Rise Of The U.s. Intelligence System, 1917-1977 / Michael Warner -- The Rise And Fall Of The Cia / Rhodri Jeffreys-jones -- British Strategic Intelligence And The Cold War / Len Scott -- Signals Intelligence In War And Power Politics, 1914-2010 / John Ferris -- The President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board / Kenneth M. Absher, Michael C. Desch, And Roman Popadiuk -- Intelligence And Law Enforcement / Frederic F. Manget -- The Evolution Of International Collaboration In The Global Intelligence Era / A. Denis Clift --^ The Dilemma Of Open Sources Intelligence: Is Osint Really Intelligence? / Arthur S. Hulnick -- The Troubled Inheritance: The National Security Agency And The Obama Administration / Matthew M. Aid -- Human Source Intelligence / Frederick P. Hitz -- United Nations Peacekeeping Intelligence / A. Walter Dorn -- Privatized Spying: The Emerging Intelligence Industry / Patrick R. Keefe -- Guarding The Border: Intelligence And Law Enforcement In Canada's Immigration System / Arne Kislenko -- Extraordinary Rendition / William G. Weaver And Robert M. Pallitto -- Addressing Complexities In Homeland Security / Gregory F. Treverton -- The Intelligence Analysis Crisis / Uri Bar-joseph And Rose Mcdermott -- Competitive Analysis: Techniques For Better Gauging Enemy Political Intentions And Military Capabilities / Richard L. Russell -- Decision Advantage And The Nature Of Intelligence Analysis / Jennifer E. Sims -- Intelligence Analysis In An Uncertain Environment / William M. Nolte --^ The Dilemma Of Defense Intelligence / Richard A. Best, Jr. -- The Policymaker-intelligence Relationship / Mark M. Lowenthal -- On Uncertainty And The Limits Of Intelligence / Peter Jackson -- The Perils Of Politicization / Paul R. Pillar -- Leadership In An Intelligence Organization: The Directors Of Central Intelligence And The Cia / David Robarge -- The Future Of Fbi Counterintelligence Through The Lens Of The Past Hundred Years / Raymond J. Batvinis -- Treason: 'tis Worse Than Murder / Stan A. Taylor And Kayle Buchanan -- The Challenges Of Counterintelligence / Paul J. Redmond -- Catching An Atom Spy: Mi5 And The Investigation Of Klaus Fuchs / Timothy Gibbs -- Covert Action, Pentagon Style / Jennifer D. Kibbe -- Covert Action: United States Law In Substance, Process, And Practice / James E. Baker -- Covert Action: Strengths And Weaknesses / William J. Daugherty -- The Role Of Defense In Shaping U.s. Intelligence Reform / James R. Clapper, Jr. --^ Intelligence And The Law In The United Kingdom / Ian Leigh -- Rethinking The State Secrets Privilege / Louis Fisher -- Accounting For The Future Or The Past?: Developing Accountability And Oversight Systems To Meet Future Intelligence Needs / Stuart Farson And Reg Whitaker -- A Very British Institution: The Intelligence And Security Committee And Intelligence Accountability In The United Kingdom / Mark Phythian -- The Politics Of Intelligence Accountability / Glenn Hastedt -- Ethics And Professional Intelligence / Michael Andregg -- Intelligence In The Developing Democracies: The Quest For Transparency And Effectiveness / Thomas C. Bruneau And Florina Cristiana (cris) Matei -- The Intelligence Services Of Russia / Robert W. Pringle -- The German Bundesnachrichtendienst (bnd): Evolution And Current Policy Issues / Wolfgang Krieger -- Israeli Intelligence: Organization, Failures, And Successes / Ephraim Kahana --^ Intelligence And National Security: The Australian Experience / David Martin Jones. Edited By Loch K. Johnson. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. About the Contributors Glossary Part I Introduction 1 National Security Intelligence Loch K. Johnson 2 National Security and Public Anxiety: Our Changing Perceptions Sir Richard Dearlove Part II Theory and Method 3 Theories of Intelligence Peter Gill 4 The Sources and Methods of Intelligence Studies James J. Wirtz 5 Getting Intelligence History Right: Reflections and Recommendations from the Inside Nicholas Dujmovic 6 Assessing Intelligence Performance John Gentry Part III The Evolution of Modern Intelligence 7 The Rise of the U.S. Intelligence System, 1917-1977 Michael Warner 8 The Rise and Fall of the CIA Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones 9 British Strategic Intelligence and the Cold War Len Scott 10 Signals Intelligence in War and Power Politics, 1914-2008 John Ferris 11 The President's Intelligence Advisory Board Michael Absher and Michael Desch and Roman Popadiuk 12 Intelligence and Law Enforcement Fred F. Manget 13 Evolution of International Collaboration in the Global Intelligence Era A. Denis Clift Part IV Intelligence Collection and Processing 14 The Dilemma of Open Source Intelligence: Is OSINT Really Intelligence? Arthur S. Hulnick 15 The Troubled Inheritance: The National Security Agency and the Obama Administration Matthew M. Aid 16 The Human Collection of Intelligence Frederick P. Hitz 17 United Nations Peacekeeping Intelligence A. Walter Dorn 18 Privatized Spying: The Emerging Intelligence Industry Patrick R. Keefe 19 Guarding the Border: Intelligence and Law Enforcement in Canada's Immigration System Arne Kislenko 20 Extraordinary Rendition William G. Weaver and Robert M. Pallitto Part V Intelligence Analysis and Production 21 Addressing ""Complexities"" in Homeland Security Gregory F. Treverton 22 The Intelligence Analysis Crisis Uri Bar-Joseph and Rose McDermott 23 Competitive Analysis: Techniques for Better Gauging Enemy Political Intentions and Military Capabilities Richard L. Russsell 24 Decision Advantage and the Nature of Intelligence Analysis Jennifer Sims 25 Intelligence Analysis in an Uncertain Environment William M. Nolte 26 The Dilemma of Defense Intelligence Richard A. Best, Jr. Part VI Intelligence Dissemination 27 The Policymaker-Intelligence Relationship Mark M. Lowenthal 28 On Uncertainty and the Limits of Intelligence Peter Jackson 29 The Perils of Politicization Paul Pillar 30 Leadership in an Intelligence Organization: The Directors of Central Intelligence and the CIA David Robarge Part VII Counterintelligence 31 The Future of FBI Counterintelligence through the Lense of the Past One Hundred Years Ray Batvinis 32 Treason: ""'Tis Worse than Murder"" Stan A. Taylor and Kayle Buchanan 33 The Challenges of Counterintelligence Paul J. Redman 34 Catching An Atom Spy: MI5 and the Investigation of Klaus Fuchs Tomothy Gibbs Part VIII Covert Action 35 Covert Action, Pentagon Style Jennifer D. Kibbe 36 Covert Action: United States Law in Substance, Process, and Practice James E. Baker 37 Covert Action: Strengths and Weaknesses William J. Daugherty Part IX Intelligence Accountability 38 The Role of Defense in Shaping U.S. Intelligence Reform James R. Clapper, Jr. 39 Intelligence and the Law in the United Kingdom Ian Leigh 40 Rethinking the State Secrets Privilege Louis Fisher 41 Accounting for the Future or the Past? Developing Accountability and Oversight Systems to Meet Future Intelligence Needs Stuart Farson and Reg Whitaker 42 ""A Very British Institution"": The Intelligence and Security Committee and Intelligence Accountability in the United Kingdom Mark Pythian 43 The Politics of Intelligence Accountability Glenn Hastedt 44 Ethics and Professional Intelligence Michael Andregg Part X Intelligence in Other Lands 45 Intelligence in the Developing Democracies: The Quest for Transparency and Effectiveness Thomas C. Bruneau and Florina Cristiana (Cris) Matei 46 The Intelligence Services of Russian Robert W. Pringle 47 The German Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND): Evolution and Current Policy Issues Wolfgang Krieger 48 Israeli Intelligence: Organization, Failures, and Successes Ephraim Kahana 49 Intelligence and National Security: The Australian Experience David Martin Jones Index ## Abstract The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence is about intelligence and national security. The text examines the topic in full, beginning with an examination of the major theories of intelligence. It then shifts its focus to how intelligence agencies operate, how they collect information from around the world, the problems that come with transforming “raw” information into credible analysis, and the difficulties in disseminating intelligence to policymakers. It also considers the balance between secrecy and public accountability, and the ethical dilemmas that covert and counterintelligence operations routinely present to intelligence agencies. Throughout, contributors factor in broader historical and political contexts that are integral to understanding how intelligence agencies function in our information-dominated age. The book is organized into the following sections: theories and methods of intelligence studies; historical background; the collection and processing of intelligence; the analysis and production of intelligence; the challenges of intelligence dissemination; counterintelligence and counterterrorism; covert action; intelligence and accountability; strategic intelligence in other nations.