The Oxford Handbook of Mary (Oxford Handbooks)

The Oxford Handbook of Mary offers an interdisciplinary guide to Marian Studies, including chapters on textual, literary, and media analysis; theology; Church history; art history; studies on devotion in a variety of forms; cultural history; folk tradition; gender analysis; apparitions and apocalypticism. Featuring contributions from a distinguished group of international scholars, the Handbook looks at both Eastern and Western perspectives and attempts to correct imbalance in previous books on Mary towards the West. The volume also considers Mary in Islam and pilgrimages shared by Christian, Muslim, and Jewish adherents. While Mary can be a source of theological disagreement, this authoritative collection shows Mary's rich potential for inter-faith and inter-denominational dialogue and shared experience. It covers a diverse number of topics that show how Mary and Mariology are articulated within ecclesiastical contexts but also on their margins in popular devotion. Newly-commissioned essays describe some of the central ideas of Christian Marian thought, while also challenging popularly-held notions. This invaluable reference for students and scholars illustrates the current state of play in Marian Studies as it is done across the world. Cover The Oxford Handbook of MARY Copyright Preface Contents List of Figures List of Contributors Introduction Mary and Jesus of Nazareth Mary and Gender Doctrines of Mary and Christian Denominations Veneration of Mary, Pilgrimage, and Apparitions The Handbook of Mary Works Cited Recommended Reading Part I: FOUNDATIONS Chapter 1: Mary and the Gospel Narratives Introduction Mark’s Gospel The Development of the Gospel Tradition The Birth and Infancy Narratives The Cross and Resurrection Conclusion Works Cited Vatican Documents Recommended Reading Chapter 2: Mary in the Apocrypha Introduction Mary, The Mother of God Mary, The Disciple of Jesus Mary, The Heavenly Sojourner Lives of Mary Works Cited Recommended Reading Chapter 3: Mary in Patristics The Bible and Mary Mary in Second-Century Christian Thought and Narration The Protevangelium of James, Mary and other Apocryphal Literature The Emergence of Mariology Works Cited Primary Sources Secondary Sources Recommended Reading Chapter 4: The Virgin as Theotokos at Ephesus (AD 431) and Earlier Did Ephesus Define that the Virgin is Theotokos? The Theotokos Title and the Nestorian Controversy The Supreme Dignity of the Virgin Works Cited Recommended Reading Chapter 5: Marian Typological and Symbolic Imagery in Patristic Christianity What is Typology? Marian Typology Earth Encomia Works Cited Primary Sources Secondary Sources Recommended Reading Chapter 6: Mary in Islam Mary in the Qur’an Mary in Islamic Theology and Spirituality Mary and Inter-Faith Dialogue Works Cited Recommended Reading Part II: MARY IN THE EASTERN CHURCHES Chapter 7: Mary in the Hymnody of the East The Magnificat Under your Protection The Chairetismoi Hymns Proklos Mary in the Hymns of Romanos the Melodist The Great Akathist Hymn Mary in the Hymns of the Byzantine Liturgical Offices Works Cited Recommended Reading Chapter 8: The Virgin Mary Theotokos in Orthodox Piety Introduction From the Byzantine Empire (5th Century AD–1453) Until Today Greece Russia Miraculous Icons in Russia Other Orthodox Nations Oriental Orthodox Churches Conclusion Works Cited Internet Sources (accessed 31 August 2018) Recommended Reading Chapter 9: Mary as Intercessor in Byzantine Theology Dormition Apocrypha Marian Intercession in Byzantine Hymnography and Homiletics Middle Byzantine Apocalyptic Travel Literature The Apocalypse of the Theotokos The Vision of Anastasia Mary’s Intercession ThroughIcons and Litanies Lives of the Virgin Conclusion Works Cited Recommended Reading Chapter 10: Byzantine Festal Homilies on The Virgin Mary Dogmatic Teaching Moral Teaching Narratives: Biblical and Apocryphal Intercessory Invocation Conclusion Works Cited Recommended Reading Chapter 11: The Doctrine of the Theotokos in Gregorios Palamas The Life of Gregorios Palamas The Marian Writings of Gregorios Palamas The Marian Doctrine of Gregorios Palamas Conclusions Works Cited Primary Sources Secondary Sources Recommended Reading Chapter 12: The Russian Spiritual Verses on the Mother of God Introduction Performers and Performance The Virgin Weeping at the Cross In Search of her Son The Virgin’s Intercession The Last Judgement Conclusion Works Cited Recommended Reading Chapter 13: The Mother of God in Finnish Orthodox Women’s Lived Piety: Converted and Skolt Sámi Voices Orthodox Tradition in Finland Ethnographic Research on Women’s Devotion to the Virgin Mary Conversion, Gender, and the Mother of God Skolt Sámi Women and the Virgin Mary Conclusions Works Cited Recommended Reading Chapter 14: Marian Devotion in the Contemporary Eastern Mediterranean Mary in the Eastern Mediterranean The Mother of Minorities: Mary in the Eastern Mediterranean as Vehicle of Resistance The Mother of Jerusalem and the Dormition Feast The Procession The Rituals in Mary’s Tomb Conclusion Works Cited Recommended Reading Chapter 15: Mary in Modern Orthodox Theology Introduction: Mary in Orthodox Worship and Devotion Sergii Bulgakov Vladimir Lossky Dumitru Stăniloae Paul Evdokimov Works Cited Patristic and Liturgical Sources Modern Sources Recommended Reading Part III: MARIAN THEMES IN WESTERN CHRISTIANITY Chapter 16: The Virgin Mary in the Hymns of the Catholic Church Early Latin Hymns The Middle Ages The Council of Trent Hymnody in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries Renewal in Catholic Hymnody The Hymn in Post-Conciliar Catholic Liturgy Vatican II’s Image of the Virgin Mary: An Agenda for Hymns Marian Hymns Sampler Works Cited Vatican Documents Recommended Reading Chapter 17: The Papacy and Maria Regina Imagery in Roman Churches between the Sixth and Twelfth Centuries Introduction: The Origin and Meaning of Maria Regina Iconography in Rome The Palimpsest Madonna in the Sanctuary at St Maria Antiqua Two Maria Regina Images Commissioned by Pope John VII Eighth-Century Maria Regina Images in St Maria Antiqua Depicting Popes Zaccaria (741–752) and Hadrian I (772–795) The Probable Maria Regina in The Theodotus Chapel at St Maria Antiqua, Enthroned with Pope Zaccaria and Primicerius Theodotus Maria Regina Images in Twelfth-Century Rome: St Maria in Trastevere The Image of Mary With A ‘Bevy’ of Popes in the Oratory of St Nicholas at the Lateran Palace Conclusions Works Cited Recommended Reading Chapter 18: Mary and Grace Biblical Background to Mary’s Grace Patristic Background to Mary’s Grace Medieval and Modern Developments Regarding Mary’s Grace Conclusion Works Cited Recommended Reading Chapter 19: Mary in the Work of Redemption Mary’s Cooperation in the Work of Redemption Scriptural and Patristic Foundations Medieval and Renaissance Developments The Counter-Reformation: Golden Age of Marian Co-Redemption Catholic Magisterial Support Efforts to Define Mary as Mediatrix of all Graces and/or Coredemptrix Objections to Mary as Mediatrix of all Graces and Coredemptrix Conclusion Works Cited Recommended Reading Chapter 20: The Patristic and Medieval Roots of Mary’s Humility Humility in the Greco-Roman World Humility in the Old and New Testaments Mary and Humility in the Church Fathers Marian Humilityin the Medieval West Conclusion Works Cited Primary Sources Secondary Sources Recommended Reading Chapter 21: Mary in Medieval Prayer: The Hours of the Virgin The Development of the Hours of the Virgin as a Practice The Structure and Texts of the Hours of the Virgin The Lord of the Psalms and his Mother as Revealed in her Office Making the Maker Visible to the World Works Cited Recommended Reading Chapter 22: The Idea of Mary as ‘Sister’ in Carmelite Mariology Introduction Background to Mary as ‘Sister’ The Use of the Term ‘Sister’ in Carmelite Writings Mary and Elijah as Models of Purity ‘Sister’ as Solidarity with Humanity Conclusion Works Cited Recommended Reading Chapter 23: Mary in Medieval Hispanic Literatures Mary’s Miraculous Intervention Shrines and Pilgrimage Sites Glossing Marian Hymns Mary’s Feasts: Conception Assumption Praises of Mary Mary’s Joys Mary in the Christmas Cycle Mary in the Easter Cycle Conclusion Works Cited Primary sources Secondary sources Recommended Reading Chapter 24: The Annunciation from Luke to the Enlightenment: A Cultural History Works Cited Recommended Reading Part IV: MARY IN THE WEST FROM THE REFORMATION Chapter 25: Mary, Gender, and the English Reformation Mary as the Telos of Humanity Mary as Pre-Reformation Exemplar Mary as Post-Reformation Exemplar Mary and Sixteenth-Century English Misogyny Conclusion Works Cited Recommended Reading Chapter 26: Chasing the Lady: Revealing, Reforming, and Restoring the Virgin Mary in the Eucharist during the English Reformations and beyond Introduction The Sarum Rite Euchology The Calendar (see the Table of Feast Days of the Blessed Virgin Mary) Images of Mary within the Sequences The Crib The Cross The Crown Cranmer and Beyond Euchology Calendar (see Table of Feast Days of the Blessed Virgin Mary) Sequences Recent Developments Conclusion Works Cited Recommended Reading Chapter 27: Mary in Luther and the Lutheran Reformation Late Medieval Piety Critiques of Late Medieval Marian Devotion Luther’s Critiques Luther’s Positive Perspective on Mary Luther’s View on Catholic Doctrines Wider Ramifications of Luther’s Theology Works Cited Recommended Reading Chapter 28: Mariology in the Counter Reformation Mary and the Council of Trent (1545–63) The Development of Systematic Mariology in the Post-Tridentine Age The French’s School’s Contribution to Mariology and Marian Devotion The Mariology of Mystics and Visionaries Jansenism and Mariology Conclusion Works Cited Recommended Reading Chapter 29: Mary and Inculturation in Mexico and India The Importance of Being Immaculate: The Meaning and Function of Mary’s Images in Sixteenth-Century Iberian Catholicism The Virgin Immaculate in Mexico and the Prehispanic Goddess The Virgin Immaculate in India and the Indian Goddess Works Cited Recommended Reading Chapter 30: Original Holiness: The Blessed Virgin Mary in the Catholic Theology of Nineteenth-Century Europe Introduction Theological Trends Enlightenment Scepticism Neo-scholasticism Theology from Tradition Theology in Popular Devotion The Fundamental Principle The Marian Age Works Cited Recommended Reading Chapter 31: Mary as Cultural Symbol in the Nineteenth Century Introduction Mary and the Feminine Ideal Marian Devotion as Anti-Modern Mary as a Marker of Identity Conclusion Works Cited Recommended Reading Chapter 32: Mariology at and after the Second Vatican Council Mary at the Second Vatican Council Mary in the Papal Magisterium after the Second Vatican Council: Blessed Pope Paul VI (1963–1978) Pope Saint John Paul II (1978–2005) Pope Benedict XVI (2005–2013) Works Cited Vatican Documents Recommended Reading Chapter 33: Mary and Modernity Mary’s Role in the Emergence of Modernity The Church’s Response to the Secular Modern State, 1830–1962: A Re-Emphasized Spiritual Presence of Mary Vatican II: Modernizing the Church—and the Marian Presence Mary in the Wake of Vatican II Marian Aggiornamento in the Twenty-First Century Works Cited Recommended Reading Chapter 34: Symbol, Vision, Mother: Mary in Film Symbol Vision Mother Conclusion Works Cited Filmography Recommended Reading Part V: MARIAN PILGRIMAGE, APPARITIONS, AND MIRACLES Chapter 35: Medieval Marian Pilgrimage in the Catholic West Works Cited Recommended Reading Chapter 36: Marian Piety and Gender: Marian Devotion and the ‘Feminization’ of Religion Mother Mary A New Type of Visionary? Gender Hierarchy and Differentiation Miraculées: Catholic Celebrities and Hysterics Politicization of Marian Devotion and Gender: ‘Masculinity’ in the Fray Men’s Pilgrimages Conclusion Works Cited Recommended Reading Chapter 37: Mary and Migrant Communities: Pilgrimage and African Mary-craft in Europe Witchcraft and Mary-Craft: Corresponding Practices African Migrant Women in Paris Emmanuelle’s Track as a Marian Professional From Congo to France The Miraculous Healing of her Only Daughter Building Spiritual Capital and the Unexpected Death of her Father Seeing the Madonna in the Morning Sun Emmanuelle’s Mary-craft The Medicine Empowerment Emmanuelle among her Fellow Pilgrims Conclusion Works Cited Recommended Reading Chapter 38: Mary in a Mobile World: The Anthropology of a Moving Symbol The Many Voices of Mary Marian Mobilities Shifting Interpretations Border Crossings Mitigating Movement The Wider Catholic Landscape Works Cited Recommended Reading Chapter 39: Mary and Multi-Faith Pilgrimages Ancient Convergences in Palestine Shared Marian Sanctuaries in the Long Term The Birth of New Marian Sites Attracting Muslims A Brief Overview Works Cited Recommended Reading Chapter 40: Mary and Modern Catholic Material Culture Continuity and Change in Rosary Devotion The ‘Miraculous’ Rose Petals of Lipa, the Philippines Mary and Modern Material Culture as Public Global Culture Surfaces, Screens, and the Material Culture of Mary in a Digital World Works Cited Internet Sources Recommended Reading Chapter 41: Marian Apocalypticism The Historical Development of Marian Apocalypticism Fátima, the Cold War, and Apocalyptic Secrets Marian Apocalypse Now: The Ongoing Influence of Unapproved Apparitions Conclusion Works Cited Recommended Reading Chapter 42: The Global Network of Deviant Revelatory Marian Movements Apparitional Timeframe and Context Deviancy The Visionaries The Devotees The Network Identified Prayer Groups and Publishers Facilitators Conclusion Works Cited Recommended Reading Index Index of Biblical and Apocryphal Texts