The Oxford Handbook of Language Contact (Oxford Handbooks)

Every language has been influenced in some way by other languages. In many cases, this influence is reflected in words which have been absorbed from other languages as the names for newer items or ideas, such as perestroika, manga, or intifada (from Russian, Japanese, and Arabic respectively). In other cases, the influence of other languages goes deeper, and includes the addition of new sounds, grammatical forms, and idioms to the pre-existing language. For example, English's structure has been shaped in such a way by the effects of Norse, French, Latin, and Celtic--though English is not alone in its openness to these influences. Any features can potentially be transferred from one language to another if the sociolinguistic and structural circumstances allow for it. Further, new languages--pidgins, creoles, and mixed languages--can come into being as the result of language contact. In thirty-three chapters, The Oxford Handbook of Language Contact examines the various forms of contact-induced linguistic change and the levels of language which have provided instances of these influences. In addition, it provides accounts of how language contact has affected some twenty languages, spoken and signed, from all parts of the world. Chapters are written by experts and native-speakers from years of research and fieldwork. Ultimately, this Handbook provides an authoritative account of the possibilities and products of contact-induced linguistic change. Cover 1 Table of Contents 6 Contributors 24 1. Contact-Induced Linguistic Change: An Introduction 32 Part I: Language Contact and Linguistic Theory 80 2. Theories of Language Contact 82 3. Contact-Induced Change and Phonology 106 4. Morphology and Contact-Induced Language Change 127 5. Syntax and Contact-Induced Language Change 154 6. Semantic Borrowing in Language Contact 186 7. Sociolinguistic, Sociological, and Sociocultural Approaches to Contact-Induced anguage Change 204 8. Code-Switching as a Reflection of Contact-Induced Change 224 9. First- and Second-Language Acquisition and CILC 246 10. Language Contact and Endangered Languages 272 11. Pidgins 292 12. Creoles 313 13. Mixed Languages, Younger Languages, and Contact-Induced Linguistic Change 334 Part II: Language Contact in Several Languages 360 14. Language Contact in Celtic and Early Irish 362 15. English and Welsh in Contact 381 16. Language Contact in the History of English 405 17. Contact-Induced Language Change in Spanish 419 18. Language Contact in Tagdal, a Northern Songhay Language of Niger 441 19. Language Contact in the West Chadic Language Goemai 462 20. Language Contact in Berber 480 21. Contact Influences on Ossetic 498 22. Northeastern Neo-Aramaic and Language Contact 525 23. Contact and the Development of Malayalam 550 24. Language Contact in Korean 571 25. Language Contact in Khmer 587 26. Language Contact in Warlpiri and Light Warlpiri 617 27. Language Contact and Tok Pisin 637 28. Bidirectional Borrowing of Structure and Lexicon 658 29. Language Contact in Unangam Tunuu (Aleut) 674 30. The Lower Mississippi Valley as a Linguistic Area 691 31. Language Contact Considering Signed Language 710 32. Language Contact in Paraguayan Guaraní 725 33. Language Contact in Cape Verdean Creole: A Study of Bidirectional Influences in Two Contact Settings 744 Index 772 "Every language has been influenced in some way by other languages. In many cases, this is reflected in words which have been absorbed from other languages as the names for newer items or ideas, such as perestroika, manga or intifada (from Russian, Japanese and Arabic respectively). In other cases, the influence of other languages goes further, and includes the addition of new sounds, grammatical forms and idioms to the pre-existing language. English's structure has been shaped in such a way by the effects of Norse, French, Latin and Celtic. English is not alone in its openness to these influences. Potentially any features can be transferred from one language to another if the sociolinguistic and structural circumstances are right. New languages -pidgins, creoles and mixed languages- can come into being as the result of language contact. This book examines the various forms of contact-induced linguistic change and the levels of language which have provided instances of these influences. In addition it provides accounts of how language contact has affected some twenty languages, spoken and signed, from all parts of the world. Each chapter is written by experts, in many cases native speakers of the language in question, each with many years of studying and analysing the field. Drawing on the most up-to-date work on relevant language an themes, this book is an invaluable account of the possibilities and products of contact-induced linguistic change"-- Provided by publisher Introduction and conspectus: what is language contact or CILC? / Anthony P. Grant -- Theories of language contact / Donald Winford -- Phonetics, phonology and CILC / Thomas Klein, E-Ching Ng, Anthony Grant -- Morphology and CILC / Francesco Gardani -- Syntax and CILC / Malcolm Ross -- Semantics and CILC / Brian Mott, Natalia Laso -- Sociolinguistic, sociological and sociocultural approaches to CILC / Graham Thurgood -- The role of code-mixing and code-switching in CILC / Ad Backus -- First and second language acquisition and CILC / Eva Eppler and Gabriel Ozón -- CILC and endangered languages analysis and documentation / Alexandra Aikhenvald -- Pidgins / Mikael Parkvall -- Creoles / John McWhorter -- Mixed languages / Norval Smith, Anthony Grant -- Irish / Raymond Hickey -- Welsh / Clive Grey -- English / Joan Beal, Mark Faulkner -- Spanish / Miriam Bouzouita -- Tagdal / Carlos M. Benítez-Torres -- Goemai / Birgit Hellwig -- Berber / Lameen Souag -- Ossetic / Oleg Belyaev -- Neo-Aramaic / Eleanor Coghill -- Malayalam / P. Sreekumar -- Korean / Ho-min Sohn -- Khmer / John Haiman -- Warlpiri and Light Warlpiri / Carmel O'Shannessy -- Tok Pisin / Adam Blaxter Paliwala -- Reef Island languages / Åshild Næss -- Eskimo/Aleut / Anna Berge -- Lower Mississippi as a linguistic area / David Kaufman -- American Sign Language / David Pozos-Quinto and Robert Adam -- Guaraní / Jorge Gomez-Rendón -- Cape Verdean Creole / Marlyse Baptista, et al Every language has been influenced in some way by other languages through contact-induced linguistic change. Potentially any features can be transferred from one language to another if the sociolinguistic and structural circumstances are right. New languages -pidgins, creoles and mixed languages- can come into being as the result of language contact. This book examines the various forms of contact-induced linguistic change and the levels of language which have provided instances of these influences. In addition it provides accounts of how language contact has affected some twenty languages, spoken and signed, from all parts of the world. Each chapter is written by experts, in many cases native speakers of the language in question, each with many years of studying and analysing the field. Drawing on the most up-to-date work on relevant language an themes, this book is an invaluable account of the possibilities and products of contact-induced linguistic change