The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law (Oxford Handbooks)

Foreword Rêz Gardî From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam Acknowledgements Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam Contents Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam Treaties and Other Instruments List of Abbreviations Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam Abbreviations International Bodies International Court of Justice Table of Cases Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam International Criminal Court International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and for Rwanda International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea Permanent Court of Arbitration Permanent Court of International Justice United Nations Committee against Torture United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child United Nations Human Rights Committee United Nations War Crimes Commission Regional Bodies African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (p. xxiii) African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights Court of Justice of the European Union European Committee of Social Rights European Court of Human Rights Inter-American Court and Commission of Human Rights National Decisions Australia Austria Bangladesh Belgium Bulgaria Canada Colombia Denmark Ecuador Finland France Germany (p. xxxv) Greece Hong Kong India Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Kenya (p. xxxvi) Korea Kyrgyzstan Malaysia Mexico Nauru The Netherlands New Zealand Norway Papua New Guinea (p. xxxviii) Philippines Sierra Leone South Africa Switzerland United Kingdom United States of America Venezuela International and Regional Instruments 1259 bc 1598 1889 1919 Table of Instruments Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam 1920 1921 1922 1923 1926 1928 1930 (p. xliv) 1933 1936 1938 1939 1940 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1954 1956 1957 1961 1964 1965 1966 1967 1969 1973 1974 1977 1979 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1989 1990 1991 1992 (p. lv) 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 (p. lxi) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2018 2019 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Executive Committee (ExCom) National Legislation Albania Angola (p. lxvi) Argentina Australia Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Brazil Brunei Burundi Cambodia Canada (p. lxvii) Central African Republic Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Ecuador Egypt Ethiopia France Germany Greece Hong Kong (p. lxviii) Hungary Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Macau Macedonia Malaysia Mexico Montenegro (p. lxx) Myanmar Nairobi The Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Norway Pakistan Papua New Guinea Peru Poland Portugal Serbia Sierra Leone South Africa South Korea Switzerland Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Tanzania Turkey Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom United States Uruguay Vanuatu Vietnam Contributors Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam Introducing International Refugee Law as a Scholarly Field Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam (p. 1) Introducing International Refugee Law as a Scholarly Field 1. Introduction 2. History and Praxis of International Refugee Law Scholarship a. The Emergence of the Scholarly Field b. International Refugee Law as a Field of Praxis c. Methodology: Doctrine and Beyond (p. 8) 3. Structure and Content Part I: International Refugee Law—Reflections on the Scholarly Field Part II: Sources Part III: Regional Regimes Part IV: Access to Protection and International Responsibility-sharing (p. 14) Part V: The Scope of Refugee Protection Part VI: Refugee Rights and Realities Part VII: The End of Refugeehood—Cessation and Durable Solutions Part VIII: Accountability for Displacement and Refugee Rights Violations (p. 18) 4. The Future Research Agenda: Challenges and Possibilities Footnotes: Part I International Refugee Law— Reflections on the Scholarly Field, Ch.1 International Refugee Law in the Early Years Guy S Goodwin-Gill From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam (p. 23) Chapter 1 International Refugee Law in the Early Years 1. Introduction a. The League of Nations b. Matters of International Concern c. Refugees 2. The League of Nations High Commissioner for Russian Refugees a. Certificates of Identity and Passports (p. 33) b. Developing Standards: 1923 and Beyond i. The Principle of No Compulsory Return ii. ‘Defining’ Refugees iii. ‘Protecting’ Refugees 3. The 1933 Convention Relating to the International Status of Refugees a. Developments after 1933 i. The Institut de Droit International ii. Political Developments 4. The End of the Early Years Footnotes: Part I International Refugee Law— Reflections on the Scholarly Field, Ch.2 Race, Refugees, and International Law E Tendayi Achiume From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam (p. 43) Chapter 2 Race, Refugees, and International Law 1. Introduction 2. Race and Refugees: The Conceptual Terrain a. Race as Structure b. Racism, Xenophobia, and Xenophobic Discrimination 3. The Doctrine and Its Enforcement a. Race and Ethnicity in the Refugee Convention b. Racial and Xenophobic Discrimination under ICERD 4. Regime Analysis 5. Conclusions: Charting a Research Agenda Footnotes: Part I International Refugee Law— Reflections on the Scholarly Field, Ch.3 A Feminist Appraisal of International Refugee Law Adrienne Anderson, Michelle Foster From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam (p. 60) Chapter 3 A Feminist Appraisal of International Refugee Law 1. Introduction a. Gender Defined 2. Normative Movement(s) a. Refugee Arrangements Pre-1951 b. Normative Progress c. Progress Stalled 3. Physical Movement (p. 70) a. Transit (p. 72) b. Refugee Reception c. Resettlement (p. 76) 4. Directions for Future Normative Movement Footnotes: Part I International Refugee Law— Reflections on the Scholarly Field, Ch.4 Queering International Refugee Law Nuno Ferreira, Carmelo Danisi From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam (p. 78) Chapter 4 Queering International Refugee Law 1. Setting the Scene 2. Integrating SOGI into Refugee Law 3. Ensuring Protection 4. Shaping a Queer International Refugee Law 5. Addressing Specific Needs 6. Looking to the Future Footnotes: Part I International Refugee Law— Reflections on the Scholarly Field, Ch.5 The Politics of International Refugee Law and Protection Rebecca Hamlin From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam (p. 97) Chapter 5 The Politics of International Refugee Law and Protection 1. Introduction 2. The Politics of Refugee Construction 3. The Geopolitics of Responses to Displacement 4. The Politics of Compliance and Implementation 5. The Politics of Reputation 6. The Politics of Categorization 7. The Politics of Public Opinion and Domestic Electoral Politics (p. 112) 8. The Politics of Data and Statistics 9. Conclusion Footnotes: (p. 114) Chapter 6 The Ethics of International Refugee Protection 1. Introduction Part I International Refugee Law— Reflections on the Scholarly Field, Ch.6 The Ethics of International Refugee Protection Seyla Benhabib, Nishin Nathwani From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam 2. Statist Ethics of Refugee Protection a. Liberal Nationalism (p. 119) b. Liberal Internationalism (p. 122) 3. Cosmopolitan Ethics of Refugee Protection a. Agency-centric Views b. Power-centric Views c. Postcolonial Views 4. Towards an Ethical Reorientation Footnotes: Part I International Refugee Law— Reflections on the Scholarly Field, Ch.7 Refugees as Migrants Idil Atak, François Crépeau From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam (p. 134) Chapter 7 Refugees as Migrants 1. The Problematic Refugee/ Migrant Binary 2. The Voluntary/Forced Migration Binary and the Mounting Barriers Refugees Face to Reach Safety 3. The Limits of Durable Solutions for Refugees and their Consequences 4. International Human Rights Law and the Protection of all Migrants (including Refugees) 5. Freedom of Movement as a Fundamental Right 6. Conclusion Footnotes: Part I International Refugee Law— Reflections on the Scholarly Field, Ch.8 The Intersection of International Refugee Law and International Statelessness Law Laura van Waas From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam (p. 152) Chapter 8 The Intersection of International Refugee Law and International Statelessness Law 1. Introduction 2. The Interaction between Statelessness and Forced Displacement 3. International Statelessness Law 4. When a Refugee is also Stateless, or a Stateless Person is also a Refugee 5. Final Observations: The Need for Stronger Dialogue between Two (Sub-)Fields Footnotes: Part II Sources, Ch.9 The Architecture of the UN Refugee Convention and Protocol James C Hathaway From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam (p. 171) Chapter 9 The Architecture of the UN Refugee Convention and Protocol 1. The Refugee Convention and Protocol as Interlocking Sources of Obligation 2. Refugee Status as a Non-reservable International Norm 3. Refugee Status as Declaratory 4. Non-exclusive Catalogue of Rights 5. Exceptions and Derogation 6. Rights Acquisition by Attachment 7. Rights Defined by a Mix of Absolute and Contingent Standards 8. State-by-State Implementation Footnotes: Part II Sources, Ch.10 The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees James Milner, Jay Ramasubramanyam From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam (p. 186) Chapter 10 The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 1. Introduction 2. UNHCR’s Mandate Responsibilities 3. UNHCR’s Operational Functions 4. UNHCR and the Making and Implementation of International Refugee Law a. International Contexts b. Regional Contexts c. National Contexts (p. 201) 5. Conclusion Footnotes: Part II Sources, Ch.11 Moving Towards an Integrated Approach of Refugee Law and Human Rights Law Vincent Chetail From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam (p. 202) Chapter 11 Moving Towards an Integrated Approach of Refugee Law and Human Rights Law 1. Introduction 2. The Changing Pattern of Refugee Protection under Public International Law a. The Original Design of Refugee Protection (p. 207) b. The Evolution of Refugee Protection 3. A Human Rights-based Approach to Refugee Protection a. The Conceptual Foundation of the Human Rights-based Approach to Refugee Protection: The Complementarity Model b. The Normative Content of the Human Rights-based Approach to Refugee Protection: The Acid Test of the Cumulative Application of Refugee Law and Human Rights Law i) Human Rights Law Supplements Refugee Law in Filling the Gaps of the Refugee Convention ii) Refugee Law Complements Human Rights Law in Specifying some Additional Guarantees iii) Human Rights Law Upgrades Refugee Law when the Two Fields Govern the Same Subject Matter 4. Conclusion Footnotes: Part II Sources, Ch.12 International Humanitarian Law and Refugee Protection Reuven Ziegler From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam (p. 221) Chapter 12 International Humanitarian Law and Refugee Protection 1. IHL and Displacement—An (Un)Easy Relationship? 2. Effects of IHL on Global and Regional Refugee Protection Regimes a. Regime Interaction b. The Refugee Convention c. Regional Refugee Definitions: OAU and Cartagena d. Subsidiary Protection in EU Law 3. The Scope of Application of IHL a. International Armed Conflicts and Non-international Armed Conflicts b. Who Classifies Conflicts, and does Classification Matter? 4. Displacement in IHL a. Context (p. 232) b. Adherence to IHL, the Principle of Distinction, and Prevention of Displacement (p. 233) c. Individual Status in Conflict (p. 234) d. Prevention of Displacement from Conflict e. Displaced Persons in Conflict i. ‘Refugees’ ii. Persons in Refugee-like Situations in Occupied Territory iii. Pre-conflict Refugees f. (Non-)Refoulement and Repatriation During and Post Conflict i. Obligations of Parties to the Conflict A presumption of return? ‘Transfer to another power’ of protected persons PoWs during conflict and after cessation of active hostilities Return of internees to their last place of residence or facilitation of repatriation ‘upon the close of hostilities or occupation’ ii. Obligations of all High Contracting Parties 5. Concluding Thoughts Footnotes: Part II Sources, Ch.13 Customary Refugee Law Hélène Lambert From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam (p. 240) Chapter 13 Customary Refugee Law 1. Introduction a. Customary International Law: A Disputed but Powerful Rule of Law b. The Restricted Role of International Custom in Refugee Law 2. Non-refoulement a. Non-refoulement in Article 33(1) of the Refugee Convention b. An International Custom of Non-refoulement c. Non-refoulement as Jus Cogens? 3. Temporary Refuge a. ‘Non-refoulement through Time’ b. An International Custom of Temporary Refuge (p. 253) 4. Asylum a. The Right to Grant Asylum as a Fettered Right of States b. Asylum and Non-refoulement c. The Right to Seek, Enjoy, and Receive Asylum 5. Conclusion Footnotes: Part II Sources, Ch.14 National Constitutions and Refugee Protection Eve Lester From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam (p. 258) Chapter 14 National Constitutions and Refugee Protection 1. Introduction 2. A Complex Relationship (p. 260) a. The Text and Context of a National Constitution b. State Perspectives on International Law i. The Nature of Legal Systems ii. Bills of Rights (p. 262) iii. Supranational Frameworks c. Constitutional Law and International Refugee Law i. Foundational Influence of National Constitutions ii. The Enduring Influence of Constitutional Law iii. Constitutional Exceptionalism 3. A Taxonomy a. Symbiosis b. Ambivalence c. Antagonism 4. Applying the Taxonomy a. Symbiosis: Kenya and the Right to Freedom of Movement i. Constitutional Rights and Freedom of Movement (p. 270) b. Ambivalence: The Venezuelan Crisis and the Right Work i. The Venezuelan Refugee Crisis c. Antagonism: Australia and the Rights to Liberty and Due Process i. Manus Island: A Tale of Two Constitutions 5. Conclusion Footnotes: Part III Regional Regimes, Ch.15 Regional Refugee Regimes: Africa Marina Sharpe From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam (p. 279) Chapter 15 Regional Refugee Regimes Africa 1. Introduction 2. Africa as a Region 3. The Treaty Framework a. The History of the OAU Convention b. The OAU Convention c. Human Rights Law (p. 289) 4. The Institutional Framework 5. Contemporary Achievements and Challenges 6. Conclusion Footnotes: Part III Regional Regimes, Ch.16 Regional Refugee Regimes: North America Deborah Anker From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam (p. 296) Chapter 16 Regional Refugee Regimes North America 1. Introduction 2. The North American Refugee Regime: Legal Framework 3. Canada a. Birth of the Canadian Refugee System (p. 300) b. Canada Forges Its Own Path: Central America and the Singh Decision c. A Retreat to Protectionism 4. United States a. 1965 Amendments and Ratification of the Protocol b. Refugee Act of 1980 and Subsequent Legislation (p. 306) c. IIRAIRA: The Immigration Enforcement Model 5. Mexico a. The Guatemalan Refugee Migration: Mexico Ratifies the Convention and Protocol (p. 309) b. Mexico’s Asylum System: Weak Processes, Lack of Resources, and Escalating Violence 6. Contemporary Challenges in the Region a. Externalization of Borders and Containment Practices (p. 313) b. Procedural Erosions 7. Conclusion Footnotes: Part III Regional Regimes, Ch.17 Regional Refugee Regimes: Latin America José H Fischel de Andrade From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam (p. 315) Chapter 17 Regional Refugee Regimes Latin America 1. Introduction 2. The Asylum Regime and Sub-regimes in Latin America 3. The Legal Framework for the Protection of Political Asylees and Refugees in Latin America a. Differences and Similarities between Political Asylees and Refugees (p. 319) b. Political Asylees c. Refugees d. Human Rights e. National Legislation (p. 325) 4. Institutional Framework a. Political Asylee Sub-regime b. Refugee Sub-regime c. Human Rights Sub-regime 5. Selected Contemporary Challenges a. National Commissions and Committees on Refugees b. Venezuela 6. Conclusion Footnotes: Part III Regional Regimes, Ch.18 Regional Refugee Regimes: Middle East Maja Janmyr, Dallal Stevens From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam (p. 334) Chapter 18 Regional Refugee Regimes Middle East 1. Introduction 2. Legal Framework a. International Refugee Law b. International Human Rights Law c. Regional Law i. Regional Refugee and Asylum Law ii. Regional Human Rights Law (p. 343) d. Domestic Law 3. Institutional Framework a. UNHCR (p. 346) i. Memoranda of Understanding ii. Registration, RSD, and Resettlement b. Courts and Civil Society 4. Contemporary Challenges and Conclusions Footnotes: Part III Regional Regimes, Ch.19 Regional Refugee Regimes: Europe Evangelia (Lilian) Tsourdi From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam (p. 352) Chapter 19 Regional Refugee Regimes Europe 1. Introduction (p. 353) 2. Asylum in the European Union: Torn between Protection and Deflection a. Origins and Development of EU Asylum Cooperation b. A Common European Asylum System: What’s in a Name? c. EU Asylum Law and the Refugee Convention: Convergence and Divergence (p. 359) d. Intra-EU Responsibility-sharing: In Search of Solidarity (p. 361) e. Practical Cooperation: From Information Exchange to the Joint Processing of Applications 3. European Refugee Protection and the Council of Europe: Of Human Rights Law and Soft Law a. The ECtHR and Asylum: An Appraisal b. Refugee Protection beyond the ECHR 4. The Regional Reach of European Refugee Law: Turkey and Ukraine a. Turkey: From a Hesitant Participant to a Strategic Protection Actor b. Ukraine: A Nascent Refugee Protection Regime (p. 369) 5. Conclusion Footnotes: Part III Regional Regimes, Ch.20 Regional Refugee Regimes: Central Asia Khalida Azhigulova From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam (p. 370) Chapter 20 Regional Refugee Regimes Central Asia 1. Introduction 2. Central Asia: What is the ‘Region’ and Who are Its ‘Refugees’? a. The ‘Region’ b. ‘Refugees’ in the Region Table 20.1 Asylum Seekers and Recognized Refugees in Kazakhstan, 1998–2017* Table 20.2 Recognized Refugees in Kyrgyzstan, 1994–2016** Table 20.3 Recognized Refugees in Tajikistan by Country of Origin, 1995–2016*** 3. The Legal Framework of Central Asian States 4. Institutional Framework and the Effectiveness of International Refugee Law a. State Asylum Institutions b. UNHCR c. Civil Society and Courts 5. Regional Practices in Refugee Protection a. Kyrgyzstan: The Case of Andijan Refugees b. Kazakhstan: Extradition of Uzbek and Chinese Mandate Refugees 6. Conclusion Footnotes: (p. 389) Chapter 21 Regional Refugee Regimes East Asia 1. Introduction Part III Regional Regimes, Ch.21 Regional Refugee Regimes: East Asia Osamu Arakaki, Lili Song From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam (p. 391) 2. China a. A Brief History of Refugee Law b. Law and Practice i. Domestic Law ii. Compliance and Gaps with International Refugee Law c. Institutions i. Judiciary (p. 396) ii. Civil Society and UNHCR 3. Japan a. A Brief History of Refugee Law b. Law and Practice i. Domestic Law ii. Compliance and Gaps with International Refugee Law c. Institutions i. Judiciary ii. Civil Society and UNHCR 4. Korea a. A Brief History of Refugee Law (p. 401) b. Law and Practice i. Domestic Law ii. Compliance and Gaps with International Refugee Law c. Institutions i. Judiciary ii. Civil Society and UNHCR 5. Conclusion: Comparative Summary Footnotes: Part III Regional Regimes, Ch.22 Regional Refugee Regimes: South Asia Jay Ramasubramanyam From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam (p. 407) Chapter 22 Regional Refugee Regimes South Asia 1. Introduction 2. Background a. The Partition of India, Cartographic Divisions, and the Refugee Regime (p. 410) b. From the League of Nations to the United Nations c. A Myth of Difference 3. Examination of Refugeehood in the Subcontinent and Post-Partition Evolution of the ‘Refugee’ Concept a. Relationship with UNHCR b. Regional Initiatives i. Asian-African Legal Consultative Organization (AALCO) ii. Informal Consultations on Refugee and Migratory Movements iii. Asia Pacific Consultation on Refugee Rights and the Asia Pacific Refugee Rights Network iv. Summary c. State Practice: India i. Tibetan Refugees in India ii. Bangladeshi Refugees in India iii. Sri Lankan Refugees in India iv. Constitutional Provisions and Case Law d. State Practice: Pakistan e. State Practice: Bangladesh f. State Practice: Nepal 4. Conclusion Footnotes: Part III Regional Regimes, Ch.23 Regional Refugee Regimes: Southeast Asia Vitit Muntarbhorn From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam (p. 423) Chapter 23 Regional Refugee Regimes Southeast Asia 1. Introduction 2. Legal Perspectives a. International b. Regional c. National 3. Institutional Framework 4. Challenges (p. 434) a. The Relationship with the International Refugee Instruments and the Principle of Non-refoulement (p. 435) b. Detention c. Inhumane Treatment d. Birth Registration/Nationality/Statelessness (p. 438) e. Other Rights f. Accountability g. Temporary or Longer Stay 5. Directions Footnotes: Part III Regional Regimes, Ch.24 Regional Refugee Regimes: Oceania Michelle Foster, Anna Hood From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam (p. 441) Chapter 24 Regional Refugee Regimes Oceania 1. Introduction 2. International Refugee Law in Oceania a. Oceanic States and the International Refugee Law Regime b. Civil Society in Oceania and the International Refugee Law Regime c. Reflections on the Extent to which States and Civil Society Engage with the International Refugee Law Regime 3. The Refugee Laws and Policies of Oceania’s Regional Hegemon: Australia (p. 449) a. Australian Influence in Oceania i. The Bali Process ii. Offshore Detention, Processing, and ‘Settlement’ iii. Reflections on Australia’s Efforts to Encourage Oceanic States to Adopt Laws and Policies Complementing Its Own Approach to Refugee Matters 4. Pacific Approaches to Displacement a. Climate-related Displacement in the Pacific b. Climate-related Movement and Traditional Refugee Frameworks c. New Perspectives on Displacement in the Pacific d. Reflections on Climate Change and Regionalism (p. 459) 5. Conclusion Footnotes: Part IV Access to Protection and International Responsibility-Sharing, Ch.25 The Sharing of Responsibilities for the International Protection of Refugees Madeline Garlick From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam (p. 463) Chapter 25 The Sharing of Responsibilities for the International Protection of Refugees 1. Introduction 2. Legal Foundations and Conceptual Basis a. International Legal Sources b. Approaches to Responsibility-sharing c. Rationales and Disincentives to Engage in Responsibility-sharing 3. The Global Compact on Refugees 4. The Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework in Africa 5. North and Central America: MIRPS 6. A Basis for Progress? 7. Conclusion Footnotes: Part IV Access to Protection and International Responsibility-Sharing, Ch.26 Protection at Sea and the Denial of Asylum Violeta Moreno-Lax From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam (p. 483) Chapter 26 Protection at Sea and the Denial of Asylum 1. Introduction 2. State Interdiction Powers at Sea a. Territorial Waters: Quasi-plenary Police Powers (p. 487) b. Contiguous Zone: Limited Constabulary Functions c. High Seas: Near-absent Interdiction Prerogatives 3. Search and Rescue Obligations (and Their Intersection with Human Rights and Refugee Law) a. Search and Rescue Duties of Flag States b. Search and Rescue Duties of Coastal States 4. Creating Spaces of Non-protection through Interdiction a. Direct Interdiction: Co-opting Rescue within the US Caribbean Programme b. Indirect Interdiction: Deflecting Rescue within the Australian ‘Pacific Strategy’ c. Interdiction by Omission: Negating Rescue in the Mediterranean 5. Conclusion Footnotes: Part IV Access to Protection and International Responsibility-Sharing, Ch.27 Extraterritorial Migration Control and Deterrence Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen, Nikolas Feith Tan From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam (p. 502) Chapter 27 Extraterritorial Migration Control and Deterrence 1. Introduction 2. The Evolution of Extraterritorial Migration Control 3. The State of International Refugee Law 4. Legal Responses to Extraterritorial Controls 5. Towards a Topographical Approach to Accountability for Extraterritorial Migration Control 6. Conclusions Footnotes: Part IV Access to Protection and International Responsibility-Sharing, Ch.28 The Evolution of Safe Third Country Law and Practice Luisa Feline Freier, Eleni Karageorgiou, Kate Ogg From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam (p. 518) Chapter 28 The Evolution of Safe Third Country Law and Practice 1. Introduction 2. Protection and Cooperation as Foundational Principles of Refugee Law 3. European STC Law and Practice a. Dublin Regulation Transfers b. Transfer of Responsibility to Non-EU Countries 4. Australian STC Law and Practice a. The Right to Enter and Reside in a Third Country b. Offshore Processing 5. STC Law and Practice in the Americas a. STCA between the US and Canada b. Asylum Cooperation Agreements between the US and Central American Countries c. South America: STC Practice in Peru 6. Conclusion Footnotes: Part IV Access to Protection and International Responsibility-Sharing, Ch.29 Smuggling of Migrants and Refugees Andreas Schloenhardt From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam (p. 535) Chapter 29 Smuggling of Migrants and Refugees 1. Introduction 2. Concepts and Terminology 3. The Smuggling of Migrants Protocol a. Outline and Purpose b. Saving Clause i. Reference to International Refugee Law ii. Non-discrimination Clause c. Criminalization and Offences d. Carrier Liability e. Exemptions and Limitations (p. 544) f. Non-criminalization of Smuggled Migrants g. Protection of Smuggled Migrants h. Border Measures 4. Binding Regional Law 5. Observations Footnotes: Part IV Access to Protection and International Responsibility-Sharing, Ch.30 Human Trafficking and Refugees Catherine Briddick, Vladislava Stoyanova From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam (p. 553) Chapter 30 Human Trafficking and Refugees 1. Introduction 2. The Trafficking Regime 3. Victims of Trafficking as Refugees 4. Human Rights Law for Victims of Trafficking 5. Conclusion Footnotes: Part IV Access to Protection and International Responsibility-Sharing, Ch.31 Refugee Status Determination Bruce Burson From: The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Edited By: Cathryn Costello, Michelle Foster, Jane McAdam (p. 569) Chapter 31 Refugee Status Determination 1. Introduction 2. T "The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law is a comprehensive, critical work, which analyses the state of research across the refugee law regime as a whole. Drawing together leading and emerging scholars, the Handbook provides both doctrinal and theoretical analyses of international refugee law and practice. It critiques existing law from a variety of normative positions, with several chapters identifying foundational flaws that open up space for radical rethinking. The Handbook aspires to be global, both legally and geographically. Contributions assess a wide range of international legal instruments relevant to refugee protection, including from international human rights law, international humanitarian law, international migration law, the law of the sea, and international and transnational criminal law." --Résuméde l'éditeur