The Oxford Handbook of Digital Diplomacy (Oxford Handbooks)

In recent years, digital technologies have substantially impacted the world of diplomacy. From social media platforms and artificial intelligence to smartphone application and virtual meetings, digital technologies have proven disruptive impacting the norms, practices and logics of diplomats, states, and diplomatic institutions. Although the term digital diplomacy is commonly used by academics and diplomats, few works to date have clearly defined this term or offered a comprehensive analysis of its evolution. This handbook investigates digital diplomacy as a practice, as a process and as a form of disruption. Written by leading experts in the field, this comprehensive volume delves into the ways in which digital technologies are being used to achieve foreign policy goals, and how diplomats are adapting to the digital age. The Oxford Handbook of Digital Diplomacy explores the shifting power dynamics in diplomacy, exploring the establishment of embassies in technology hubs, the challenges faced by foreign affairs departments in adapting to digital technologies, and the utilization of digital tools as a means of exerting influence. Utilizing a multidisciplinary approach, including theories from international relations, diplomacy studies, communications, sociology, internet studies, and psychology, the handbook examines the use of digital technologies for international development in the Global South, the efforts to combat digital disinformation in the Middle East, and the digital policies of countries in Europe and the Asia-Pacific. Through case studies and in-depth analysis, readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of the term "digital diplomacy" and the many ways in which diplomacy has evolved in the digital age. 1. Introduction: Understanding Digital Diplomacy - The Grammar Rules and Patterns Of Digital Disruption, Corneliu Bjola and Ilan Manor 2. Digital Diplomacy: Projection and Retrieval of Images and Identities, Marcus Holmes 3. From Micro to Macro Digital Disruptions: A New Prism for Investigating Digital Diplomacy, Ilan Manor and James Pamment 4. Soft Power in the Digital Space, Gary D. Rawnsley 5. Researching Influence Operations: 'Dark Arts' Mercenaries and the Digital Influence Industry, Emma L Briant 6. Diplomatic negotiations in the digital context: Key issues, emerging trends, and procedural changes, Kristin Anabel Eggeling Rebecca Adler-Nissen 7. Digital diplomacy and Cyber Defense, Lucas Kello 8. Digital Nuclear Diplomacy, Rhys Crilley 9. Digital Feminist Foreign Policy, Jennifer Cassidy 10. History and Digital Public Diplomacy: Media disruption and global public engagement online in historical perspective, Nicholas J. Cull 11. Digital Cultural Diplomacy: From Content Providers to Opinion Makers, Natalia Grincheva 12. Digital Propaganda and Diplomacy, Pawel Surowiec-Capell 13. Ethical Challenges in the Digitalization of Public Diplomacy, Zhao Alexandre Huang, Phillip Arceneaux 14. Transforming International Development: Navigating the Shift towards Digital Cooperation, Luciana Alexandra Ghica 15. New Trends in Digital Diplomacy: the Rise of TikTok and the Geopolitics of Algorithmic Governance, Alicia Fjällhed, Andreas Sandre, Matthias Lüfkens 16. The Digital Hybridisation of Ministries of Foreign Affairs: The Case of The Nordic and Baltic States, Corneliu Bjola and Didzis Kavis 17. Digital Diplomatic Cultures, Digital Diplomatic Cultures 18. The digitalisation of permanent missions to international organisations, Caroline Bouchard 19. The digital adaptation of international bureaucracies, Matthias Ecker-Ehrhardt 20. Virtual Diplomatic Summitry, Elsa Hedling 21. Digital diplomacy and non-governmental and transnational organisations, Fiona McConnell and Alex Manby 22. Digitalization of Diplomacy: Implications for Cities, Efe Sevin 23. Digital Diplomatic Representation: The Rise of Tech Ambassadors, Anne Marie Engtoft and Tom Fletcher 24. International Law, Big Tech regulation, and digital diplomatic practice, Victoria Baines 25. The European Union and Digital Diplomacy: Projecting Global Europe in the Social Media Era, Ruben Zaiotti 26. NATO's Digital Diplomacy, Katharine A. M. Wright 27. Katharine A. M. Wright, Alisher Faizullaev 28. Chinese Wolf Warrior Diplomacy: Motivations, Modalities and Sites of Practice, Andrew F Cooper Jeff Hai-chi Loo 29. Diversities and Developments in Asia Pacific Digital Diplomacy, Damien Spry 30. Digital Diplomacy in Latin America: Among Early Adopters and Latecomers, Daniel Aguirre & Alejandro Ramos 31. Digital Diplomacy in Times of Crisis in the GCC: The Blockade and the Pandemic, Banu Akdenizli 32. The North-South divide, the digital agenda and digital diplomacy, Jorge Heine and Juan Pablo Prado Lallande 33. International Geopolitics and Digital Games in the Nationalist Agenda of Great Powers, Antonio César Moreno Cantano 34. Digital Diplomacy during Wars and Conflicts, Moran Yarchi