The Oxford Handbook of Calvin and Calvinism (Oxford Handbooks)

The Oxford Handbook of Calvin and Calvinism offers a comprehensive assessment of John Calvin and the tradition of Calvinism as it evolved from the sixteenth century to today. Featuring contributions from scholars who present the latest research on a pluriform religious movement that became a global faith. The volume focuses on key aspects of Calvin's thought and its diverse reception in Europe, the transatlantic world, Africa, South America, and Asia. Calvin's theology was from the beginning open to a wide range of interpretations and was never a static body of ideas and practices. Over the course of his life his thought evolved and deepened while retaining unresolved tensions and questions that created a legacy that was constantly evolving in different cultural contexts. Calvinism itself is an elusive term, bringing together Christian communities that claim a shared heritage but often possess radically distinct characters. The Handbook reveals fascinating patterns of continuity and change to demonstrate how the movement claimed the name of the Genevan reformer but was moulded by an extraordinary range of religious, intellectual and historical influences, from the Enlightenment and Darwinism to indigenous African beliefs and postmodernism. In its global contexts, Calvinism has been continuously reimagined and reinterpreted. This collection throws new light on the highly dynamic and fluid nature of a deeply influential form of Christianity. Cover The Oxford Handbook of CALVIN AND CALVINISM Copyright Preface Contents List of Figures List of Contributors Chapter 1: Introduction Finding John Calvin Reformer in Community Recasting Calvin after 2009 Engaging Calvin and Calvinism Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 2: Calvin, Calvinism, and Medieval Thought Calvin and Medieval Thought The Re-emergenceof Scholasticism Three Examples: Antoine de Chandieu, Lambert Daneau, and Polanus of Polansdorf Conclusion Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 3: Divine and Human Agency in Calvin’s Institutes Providence Particular Providence Basic Human Responsibility in a Providential World Permitting vs. Willing Sin and Evil Human Responsibility for Sin Responsibility for Good and Evil Nested Intentions, Layered Agency Conclusion: The Perennial Question of Determinism Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 4: Calvin and the Covenant: The Reception of Zurich Theology Introduction Past Research Bullinger’s Theology of the Covenant Zwingli as Forerunner Bullinger as Developer From Bullinger to Calvin Calvin’s Theology of the Covenant Covenant, Law, and Gospel Covenant and Union with Christ Covenant and Predestination Covenant and Sacraments Covenant and Creation Conclusion Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 5: Calvin and Equity Explication of the Two Concepts of Equity Calvin’s Use of Equity Equity in the Commentary on De Clementia Equity in the 1536 Institutes ‘The Prince is a living law’ Problems with Calvin’s Concept of Equity The Problem of a Pagan Ruler How Do Christian Rulers Use Equity? Conclusions Calvin the Legal Humanist The Fair and Clement Calvin Calvin and Natural Law Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 6: Calvin’s Old Testament Theology and Beyond: Paradoxes, Problems, and Comparisons with the Approaches of Arnold van Ruler and Kornelis Heiko Miskotte Introduction Calvin’s Approach to the Old Testament Unity of the Covenant Christ the Mediator and the Old Testament On Paradoxes and Problems Arnold A. van Ruler and the Old Testament Overview Comparison Kornelis Heiko Miskotte and the Old Testament Overview Comparison Conclusion Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 7: John Calvin’s Vision of Reform, Historical Thinking, and the Modern World Introduction Reforming Traditions and Early Modern Views of the Past Calvin’s Vision of Reform in the Supplex Exhortatio (1543) Historical Thinking and Calvin’s Vision of Reform Concluding Postscript: Troeltsch, Protestantism, and Historical Consciousness Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 8: Calvin’s Geneva: An Imperfect ‘School of Christ’ A Biconfessional Geneva? Biconfessional Genevan Families Conclusion Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 9: Calvinism, Anti-Calvinism, and the Admonition Controversy in Elizabethan England Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 10: John Knox and John Calvin Knox’s Encounters with Calvin and His Works The Relationship between Knox and Calvin Predestination Worship Resisting a Ruler Consequences Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 11: John Calvin, Bernardino Ochino, and Italian ‘Heretics’: History and Historiography of a Controversial Exchange An Intolerant Calvin? Reframing a Debated Historiographical Question A Reformer and his Critics Calvin and Italian Exiles: A History of Welcome and Prejudice Between Calvin and the Radical Erasmus Showdown Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 12: Calvin, Shakespeare, and Suspense Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 13: Calvin and Calvinism in Germany Calvin in Germany From Melanchthon to Calvin Crypto-Calvinists ‘Calvinist’ Territories Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 14: Cultures of Calvinismin Early Modern Scotland Introduction Area Studies and Studies of Dissemination of Worship Noble Culture Intellectual Culture Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 15: Reformed Exiles andI nternational Calvinism in Reformation-Era Europe Theology in the Exile Churches Ecclesiology, Liturgy, and Discipline in the Exile Churches Exile Churches’ Relationship to State Authority Conclusion Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 16: The First Calvinist Encounters with New World Religions Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 17: Calvinist Debateson History: Historia Sacra, Historia Humana Exodus from Egypt: The Calvinist Movement and the Appropriation of the Lutheran Historical Narrative National Catastrophe or Biblical Trial: Rival Historical Readings of the Era of the French Wars of Religion in Calvinist Historiography Historia Sacra vs. Historia Humana: The Burden of Living History and Attempts to Overcome It Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 18: Theology and Visual Culture in Early Modern Calvinism: Hiding in Plain Sight From Iconoclasm to Reconstruction A Visual and Oral World The Drama of Reconstruction Seventeenth-Century Netherlands: Textualized Images Texts as Images Architecture as Restoration: Huguenot Architects in France Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 19: The Effects of Confessional Strife on Religious Authority in the First Half of the Seventeenth Century Introduction Scultetus’ Medulla Jean Daillé’s Traicté de l’employ des saincts Peres The Protestant Defence of the Hebrew Text: André Rivet and Louis Cappel A Tenacious Advocate of Tradition: Denis Pétau Concluding Remarks Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 20: Calvinism among Seventeenth-Century English Puritans The Crisis of Calvinism and the English Puritans John Owen, Richard Baxter, and the Mechanics of Calvinist Adaptation Concluding Observations Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 21: Cromwellian Calvinism: England’s Church and the End of the Puritan Revolution 1652: Principles of Christian Religion 1654: Confessional Attempts 1658: Savoy Declaration and the Return to Westminster Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 22: Protestantism as Liberalism: John Milton and the Struggle Against Implicit Faith Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 23: Seventeenth-Century Calvinism and Early Enlightenment Thought Calvinism, Calvin, and Early Enlightenment Descartes and Cartesianism Arnold Geulincx Hobbes, Calvin, and the Divine Authority of the Bible Spinozism Bayle and Leibniz Calvinists, Calvin, and Early Enlightenment Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 24: ‘If thou reckonright’: Angels from John Calvin to Jonathan Edwards via John Milton Angelology in the Scholastic Tradition Calvin the Iconoclast of Angels Angels in America Edwards and the Protestant Angelic Rococo Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 25: Religion and the Republic: An Eighteenth-Century Black Calvinist Perspective On Noetic Agency: The Legitimacy of a Black Calvinist Tradition The Calvinism of Wheatley and Haynes Contested Continuity: On Religion and the Revolution Anglo-AmericanCalvinism and the Revolution On Providence and Liberty: A Black Calvinist Perspective A Black Calvinist Revolutionary Politics Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 26: Eighteenth-Century Evangelical Calvinists Introduction Regional Aspects of Eighteenth-Century Evangelicalism Gender and Race Theological Disputes Calvin’s Influence Conclusion Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 27: Friedrich Schleiermacher and the Reformed Tradition in the Modern Era The Life and Work of Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher The Essence of Piety and Communities of Piety The Essence of Christian Faith and the Christian Church The Influence of Christ in the Christian Church Schleiermacher as Heir to the Reformed Tradition Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 28: Old Princeton and European Scholarship Old Princeton, Calvinism, and the Enlightenment Transatlantic Religion and Old Princeton European Academic Networks and Princeton Theological Seminary The Shift from Deism to Biblical Criticism Old Princeton and European Biblical Scholarship Old Princeton on European Critical Scholarship Toward a Scientific Theology Conclusion Abbreviations of Journals Cited Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 29: Classical Calvinism and the Problem of Development: William Cunningham’s Critique of John Henry Newman Introduction Newman and Cunningham Newman and the Challenge of Development Cunningham on Newman Newman, Cunningham, and Doctrinal Development Today Conclusion Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 30: Writing the Nineteenth-Century Scottish Calvinist Self: Spiritual Autobiography and Reformed Identity Self-Writing Andrew A. Bonar The Life of Robert Murray McCheyne (1844) Having Received Communion, He Reflected, ‘Much Peace’ Letters of Samuel Rutherford (1848) The Diary Conversion Found Ministry The Lord’s Table Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 31: Unity and Engagement in the Modern World: Abraham Kuyper’s Calvinist Renewal Disestablishment, Pluralism, and Mobilization Conversion to Calvin and Calvinism Kuyper’s Main Ideas Free Church, Free Exercise Epistemology Calvinism as Life-System Sphere Sovereignty Common Grace Neo-Calvinismat Home and Abroad America The Netherlands Africa Epilogue: Kuyper Haphazard Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 32: Karl Barth’s Calvin: A Weimar Prophet ‘A Strange and Terrifying Calvin’ Barth’s Itinerary and the Weimar Context The University and Occasional Lectures Barth’s Romantic-Modernist Portrait of Calvin Barth and Eastern Wisdom Weberian Severity and Religious Psychology Ontology and Ethics: The Sickness of Man unto Death The Dialectic of the Thought of God: Jesus Christ Conclusion Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 33: Calvinism and Reformed Confessions in the Korean Presbyterian Church The Beginning and Development of the Korean Presbyterian Churches The First Creed of the KPC: The 12 Articles The Korean Presbyterian Churches and Westminster Standards The Development of the Korean Presbyterian Church: The Study of Calvinism and other Reformed Confessions Before 1945 From 1945 through 1979 After 1980 Conclusion Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 34: Calvinism as a Chinese Contextual Theology Introduction Protestant Missions to China The Challenge of ‘Evil Cults’ The Rise of Urban Intellectual Christianity Conclusion Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 35: (Re)Discoveries of the Reformed Faith in Brazil Introduction Calvinist Influences in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Brazil Twenty-First-Century Calvinism in Brazil Problems in Understanding the Reformed Tradition Towards a Richer Comprehension of Calvinism in Brazil Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 36: Enchanted Calvinism: Healing and Deliverance in the Presbyterian Church of Ghana Enchanted Transformations of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana Origins of the Bible Study and Prayer Group Scripture Union and Sudan Interior Mission Catechist Ebenezer Abboah-Offei, Deliverance Practitioner Grace Presbyterian Church Deliverance Services and Workshops at Grace Presbyterian Church Individual Consultation at Grace Presbyterian Church Deliverance Outside of Grace Presbyterian Church Conclusion Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 37: Reforming Calvinism Introduction Rationalism and Reformation Emerging Modernity Integrated Calvinism Charismatic Protestantism Twentieth-Century Catholicism in the USA The Harms of Over Rationalism Prophetic Integration Conclusion Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 38: No Other Gods: Calvinism and Secular Society Christian Secularity The Reformation, Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction, and the Confessional State The Coming of the Secular State The Contemporary Debate Suggested Reading Works Cited Chapter 39: The New Calvinism Definitions and Origins Old Calvinism in New Spaces Rigorous Revivalism Conclusion Suggested Reading Works Cited Index