The Ovoid Amphorae in the Central and Western Mediterranean: Between the last two centuries of the Republic and the early days of the Roman Empire (Roman and Late Antique Mediterranean Pottery)

The production of amphorae and the export of commodities transported in them was a key activity for the Mediterranean world in Antiquity. Consequently, their study is of enormous value for analysing the agricultural and fishing economy, and also the commercial mechanism of that period. Through the typological and chronological analysis of these ceramic containers, a high degree of knowledge has been achieved, especially for the production of the different Mediterranean societies from the second millennium BC to the Middle Ages. In The Ovoid Amphorae in the Central and Western Mediterranean between the last two centuries of the Republic and the early days of the Roman Empire , several series of amphorae created in the Late Republican Roman period (2nd and 1st centuries BC) have been studied – a group of material until now little studied. All of these groups of containers share a common feature in the shape of their bodies which is generally ovoid. The fact that they were conceived and developed in the economic and political context in which Rome expanded throughout the Mediterranean, transferring to its new territories its production and commercialization procedures, bears witness to the almost total integration of the Mediterranean markets. This publication is based on the proceedings of the workshop held at Seville University in December 2015. The book brings together contributions on the main production areas of these ovoid amphorae from the Atlantic to the Greek mainland / North Peloponnese, analysing in detail the origins, evolution and disappearance of their main series. It also includes case studies that are particularly relevant in relation to their distribution, consumption patterns, contents and relationship with other groups of amphorae manufactured in the Roman Imperial era. The aim of this publication has been to present an updated and complete synthesis of the so-called ovoid amphorae, from an interdisciplinary, international and diachronic standpoint. Table of Contents PROLOGUE Introduction – by Enrique García Vargas, Horacio González Cesteros, Rui Roberto de Almeida, Antonio Sáez Romero PART I: Ovoid amphorae production in the Mediterranean The ovoid amphorae from Aigion, in the north-west Peloponnese. The connections with Corinth and the Brindisi area – by Konstantinos Filis Produzioni di anfore ovoidi di area brindisina – by Daniele Manacorda Late Republican and Early Imperial ovoid amphorae: the African production – by Alessia Contino and Claudio Capelli Ovoid amphorae as the first Roman provincial repertoire in Hispania Ulterior (the Guadalquivir valley) – by Enrique García Vargas, Horacio González Cesteros and Rui Roberto de Almeida Ovoid amphorae production in the Bay of Cadiz and the southern coast of the Ulterior/Baetica (Late Republican and Early Imperial periods) – by Enrique García Vargas and Antonio M. Sáez Romero Ánforas ovoides del noreste de la Hispania Citerior Tarraconensis en época tardorepublicana. Ensayo de síntesis – by Jordi Miró Canals y Ramón Járrega Domínguez The ‘early production’ of Roman amphorae in Lusitania. State of play of a universe (still) under construction – by Rui Roberto de Almeida and Carlos Fabião De la producción de ánforas Ovoide 1 gaditanas: aportaciones del alfar de Verinsur – by Darío Bernal-Casasola, José J. Díaz Rodríguez, María Luisa Lavado-Florido y Rosario García-Giménez PART II: Ovoid amphorae throughout the Mediterranean – Case studies, commercial routes, consumption contexts and contents Ovoid Amphoras found in Hellenistic Southern Levant contexts: their chronology and need for proveniences – by Gerald Finkielsztejn Northern Peloponnesian amphorae with convex-concave rims from the Styra A shipwreck – by Lucie S. Vidličková Ovoid African and Hispanic amphorae in Italy. Some examples from Ostia and Pompeii – by Alessia Contino, Lucilla D’Alessandro, Guillermo Pascual Berlanga and Albert Ribera i Lacomba The Italic ovoid amphorae in the Toulouse area at the end of the Iron Age (Midi-Pyrénées, France) – by Laurence Benquet The diffusion of south-Hispanic ovoid amphorae in Gaul, between the Late Republican and Early Empire times – by Kevin Quillon and Max Luaces Distribution of ovoid amphorae in north-west Europe. Consumption contexts and main trade routes – by Horacio González Cesteros Amphorae of the Brindisi area in Gallia Belgica: The example of Titelberg (Luxembourg) – by Debora C. Tretola Martinez Ovoid amphorae in Hispania Citerior/Tarraconensis: consumption contexts and main trade areas – by Daniel Mateo Corredor and Jaime Molina Vidal La importación de ánforas ovoides en la Tarraco republicana – by Moisés Díaz García Are you Local? Imported and locally produced amphorae in Alto Alentejo (Portugal) during the 1st century BC: three case studies at Soeiros, Rocha da Mina and Caladinho – by Rui Mataloto, Joey Williams and Conceição Roque Preliminary organic residue analysis of Ovoid 1 and Ovoid 5 amphorae from the Guadalquivir valley – by Darío Bernal-Casasola, Alessandra Pecci and Antonio M. Sáez Romero EPILOGUE Ovoid amphorae in the Mediterranean (2nd century BC- early 1st century AD). State of the play and future research perspectives – by Enrique García Vargas, Horacio González Cesteros, Rui Roberto de Almeida, Antonio Sáez Romero Cover EDITORIAL BOARD Sponsors Title Page Copyright Page Contents Prologue Introduction Figure 1. Aspect of the lectures of the first session ‘Ovoid amphorae production in the Mediterranean’: 0. Banner of the workshop; 1. Daniele Manacorda; 2. Alessia Contino and Claudio Capelli; 3. Enrique García Vargas, Rui Roberto de Almeida and Horacio Figure 2. Aspect of the lectures of the second session ‘Case studies: commercial routes, consumption contexts and contents’: 7. Alessia Contino, Lucilla D’Alessandro, Albert Ribera i Lacomba and Guillermo Pascual Berlanga; 8. Kevin Quillon and Max Luaces; Figure 3. Some moments of productive discussion: 10. Michel Bonifay; 11. Alessia Contino; 12. Carlos Fabião; 13. Dario Bernal Casasola. Figure 4. General overview of the Poster Session: 14-20. Figure 5. Visit to the Municipal Historical Museum of San Fernando and display of amphorae (including both the museum’s funds and contributions by some of the participants) which represented different Hispanic production areas, fabrics and typologies. Figure 6. Roman wines and garum sponsored by Baetica Wines and Flor de Garum-Majuelo, and the ‘family-photo’ with all the participants of the Workshop. Part I The ovoid amphorae from Aigion, in the north-west Peloponnese. The connections with Corinth and the Brindisi area1 Konstantinos Filis Figure 1. Aigion. Urban plan with the workshop areas (from Google Earth). Figure 2. Aigion. Sarantaporou Str. Part of a stoa building (© E.A.A.). Figure 3. Aigion. Messinezis 1 Str. Well – depository, adjacent to a kiln structure, full of broken amphorae (© E.A.A.). Figure 4. Aigion. Mitropoleos and Kleomenous Oikonomou Str. Kiln, tank and building remains from workshop (© E.A.A.). Figure 5. Aigion. Mitropoleos and Kleomenous Oikonomou Str. Road with drainage channel in the middle (© E.A.A.). Figure 6. Aigion. Waste pits on Aigialeos 33 Str. (© E.A.A.). Figure 10. Aigion. Trefoil jug (Photo: K. Filis © E.A.A.). Figure 11. Aigion. Black-glazed feeder (Photo: K. Filis © E.A.A.). Figure 7. Aigion. Mouldmade bowl Figure 8. Aigion. Lamp fragment Figure 9. Aigion. Mouldmade bowl (Photo: K. Filis © E.A.A.). Figure 12. Aigion. Red-glazed (terra sigillata) pottery (Photo: K. Filis © E.A.A.). Figure 13. Aigion. Amphora stands (Photo: K. Filis © E.A.A.). Figure 14. Aigion. Kiln supports (Photo: K. Filis © E.A.A.). Figure 15. Fine micaceous chert Fabric group I (Photo: K. Filis © E.A.A.). Figure 16. Fine micaceous chert Fabric group II, plus argillaceous fragments (Photo: K. Filis © E.A.A.). Figure 17. Aigion amphora type I (Photo: K. Filis © E.A.A.). Figure 18. Aigion amphora type II (Photo: K. Filis © E.A.A.). Figure 19. Aigion amphora type III (Photo: K. Filis © E.A.A.). Figure 20. Stamped amphora handles: Κέρδωνος, Ζωίλου and Σωτήριχου (Photo: K. Filis © E.A.A.). Figure 21. Aigion amphora type I and stamps (Photo and Drawings: K. Filis © E.A.A.). Figure 22. Aigion amphora type I (no. 1-3, 7-8), type II (no. 6), lid (no. 4) and a probably local rectangular stamp (no. 5) (Photo and Drawings: K. Filis © E.A.A.). Figure 23. Aigion amphora type I (no. 1-2 and 8) and type II (no. 3-7 and 9-10) (Photo and Drawings: K. Filis © E.A.A.). Figure 24. Aigion amphora type III (no. 1-6) (Photo: K. Filis © E.A.A.). Produzioni di anfore ovoidi di area brindisina Daniele Manacorda Figura 1. Anfore prodotte a Giancola (Brindisi) nella prima fase (prima metà del I secolo a.C.). Figura 2. Anfore prodotte a Giancola (Brindisi) nella seconda fase (prima e media età augustea). Late Republican and Early Imperial ovoid amphorae: the African production Alessia Contino and Claudio Capelli Figure 1. Rome. Nuovo Mercato Testaccio. The excavation area. (photo Akhet) Figure 2. Rome. Nuovo Mercato Testaccio. Plan of the excavation area. (drawing G. Verde) Figure 3. Rome. Nuovo Mercato Testaccio. Western sector. The Horreum. (photo Akhet) Figure 4. Rome. Nuovo Mercato Testaccio. Eastern sector. The deposit/dump. (photo D. Putortì) Figure 5. Rome. Nuovo Mercato Testaccio. Amphora manufacture. Figure 6. Apani type VII amphora. (Palazzo 2013) Figure 7. M. Tuccius l. f. Galeus amphorae. (Scardozzi 2007) Figure 8. Ancient African Amphorae. Typology 1-3. Triangular rim. Vessels from La Longarina (Ostia) and Nuovo Mercato Testaccio (Rome); 4-6. Rectangular rim. Vessels from Pompeii (Granai del Foro), El Mnhila (Tunisia) and Nuovo Mercato Testaccio (Roma). Figure 9. Ancient African Amphorae. From the ovoid shape to the pseudo-cylindrical shape. Containers from La Longarina (Ostia) and Pompeii (Granai del Foro). (drawings A. Contino) Figure 10. Ovoid amphorae from Jaumegarde B shipwreck. (top, photo A. Contino; below, Carrazé 1977). Figure 11. 1. Ancient African Amphora; 2. Ovoid Italic amphora (?), both from Plane 5 shipwreck. Figure 12. Ancient African Amphora (left) and ovoid Italian amphora (?) (right), both from Cap Camarat 2shipwreck. (photo A. Contino). Table 1 Figure 13. Ancient African Amphorae. Typo-petrographical family A (drawings A. Contino, micro-photo C. Capelli). Figure 14. Ancient African Amphorae. Typo-petrographical family B (drawings A. Contino, micro-photo C. Capelli). Figure 15. Ancient African Amphorae. Typo-petrographical family C. (drawings A. Contino, micro-photo C. Capelli). Ovoid amphorae production in the Bay of Cadiz and the southern coast of the Ulterior/Baetica (Late Republican and Early Imperial periods) Enrique García Vargas and Antonio M. Sáez Romero Figure 1. Distribution map of the main sites located in the Bay of Cadiz mentioned in the text: Gregorio Marañón (1), Javier de Burgos (2), Jardín de Cano (3), Verinsur (4), Cerro de la Batería (5), Asteroides st. (6) and Gallineras – Cerro de los Mártire Figure 2. Amphorae from Gallineras (San Fernando, Cadiz). Figure 3. Amphorae found at Gallineras (context excavated in 1999): Gaditan Ovoid (1-4), local Dressel 1C (5-6), T-7.4.3.3 (7), Ovoid 5 from Guadalquivir (8), late Punic Tunisian import (9), tegulae and tile (10-13). Figure 4. Amphorae from Asteroides St. (San Fernando, Cadiz). Figure 5. Local amphorae from a well excavated at Cerro de la Batería (San Fernando, Cadiz): Gaditan Ovoid (1-11) and T-7.4.3.3 (12-18). Figure 6. Pottery found in a well excavated at Cerro de la Batería (San Fernando, Cadiz): local red slip finewares (1-3), black-gloss ware (4-5), Dressel 1C (6-12), Ovoid 5 and 1 (13-14) and Oberaden 83/Haltern 71 from the Guadalquivir valley (16-18) and Figure 7. Amphorae from a little dump at Cerro de la Batería (San Fernando, Cádiz): Gaditan Ovoids rims (1-8), ‘black-gloss ceramic’ in grey fabric (9), local common wares (10-12), late Punic pot (13). Figure 8. Production structures and ceramic dumps from Gregorio Marañón St. (Cadiz). Figure 9. Ceramic kilns excavated at Jardín de Cano site (Puerto de Santa Maria, Cadiz) (after López Rosendo 2008). Figure 10. Clay levigation vats found at Jardín de Cano site (Puerto de Santa Maria, Cadiz) (after López Rosendo 2008). Figure 11. T-7.4.3.3 amphorae and stamps from Jardín de Cano site (Puerto de Santa Maria, Cadiz) (after López Rosendo 2008). Figure 12. Local Dressel 1C amphorae from Jardín de Cano site (Puerto de Santa Maria, Cadiz) (after López Rosendo 2008). Figure 13. Local ovoid and early Dressel 7-11 amphorae from Jardín de Cano site (Puerto de Santa Maria, Cadiz) (after López Rosendo 2008). Figure 14. Amphorae from Javier de Burgos site (Puerto de Santa Maria, Cadiz) (after García Vargas 1998). Figure 15. Amphorae from Javier de Burgos (Puerto de Santa Maria, Cadiz) (after García Vargas 1998). Figure 16. Typological variants of ovoid amphorae series from Cadiz area. Figure 17. Gaditan Ovoid amphorae variants found at the Titan wreck (Île de Levant) (after Quillon and Luaces, in this volume). Figure 18. Individuals of early variants of the Dressel 9 type. Figure 19. Ceramic fabrics of ovoid amphorae from Cádiz insular kiln sites: Gallineras (above) and aCerro de la Batería (below). Figure 20. Republican productions of the suburbs of Malaca: 1-4, finds from Calle Granada 67; 5-17, unpublished local amphorae from various contexts excavated at the Avenida Juan XXIII workshop. Enrique García Vargas Antonio M. Sáez Romero Ánforas ovoides del noreste de la Hispania Citerior Tarraconensis en época tardorepublicana. Ensayo de síntesis Jordi Miró Canals y Ramón Járrega Domínguez Figura 1. Tarraconense 1 a 3 (según López Mullor y Martín Menéndez 2008a: fig. 2). Figura 2. Tarraconense 1 ‘ovoides’. no 1 a 4: Tar. 1A (no 1-3: pecio Cala Bona I; no 4: pecio de Illes Formigues); no 5 y 6: Tar. 1C (Cala Bona I); no 7: Tar. 1D (Castellarnau, Sabadell) (según López Mullor y Martín Menéndez 2008: fig. 5 y 6) Figura 3. Bordes y asa de Tarraconense 2 de Fenals (Lloret de Mar) (según Tremoleda i Trilla 2000: fig. 80). Figura 4. Tarraconense 3. no 1: La Fornaca (Vilassar de Dalt) (Según López Mullor y Martín Menéndez 2008: fig. 5); no 2: El Vilarenc (Calafell) (según Revilla Calvo 2008: fig. 9.3). Figura 5. Hipótesis reconstructiva de la formación de los tipos anfóricos propios de la Península ibérica (según Molina Vidal 1997: fig. 58). Figura 6. Ovoide 4 (según García Vargas, Almeida y González Cesteros 2011: fig. 16) (arriba) y Ovoide 1 (segúnGarcía Vargas, Almeida y González Cesteros 2011: fig. 13) (abajo). Figura 7. Mapa de localización y agrupamiento por zonas de los principales centros de producción de ánforas romanas en Cataluña (Según Tremoleda i Trilla 2008: fig. 2). Figura 8. Planta del centro de Collet de Sant Antoni (Girona) (segúnTremoleda i Trilla 2008: fig. 15). Figura 9. Planta del centro de Fenals (Girona) (Según Tremoleda i Trilla 2008: fig. 16). Figura 10. Mapa de centros de producción de Tarraconense 1-3 ovoides (mapa base de Berni Millet 2015: fig. 6). 1: Llafranc; 2: Collet de Sant Antoni; 3: Fenals; 4: El Roser; 5: El Sot del Camp; 6: Horta Nova; 7: Les Casetes; 8: Can Notxa; 9: Can Portell Figura 11. Planta general de los sectores excavados o prospectados en Ca l’Arnau/Can Mateu en Cabrera de Mar. Figura 12. Planimetría del horno de Ca l’Arnau (según Martín Menéndez, reproducidos en Martínez Ferreras 2014: fig. 100 y 101). Figura 13. Villa de La Salut (Sabadell) (Martínez Ferreras 2014: fig. 46). Figura 14. Planta de la villa de El Vilarenc (Calafell) (según Revilla Calvo 2010: fig. 1). Figura 15. Cuadro de los centros donde además de Tarraconense 1 se fabricaban otras ánforas. Figura 16. Estampillas del pecio de Cala Bona I: marcas sobre Tar. 1A (no 1-8) y Tar. 1C (no 9-11) (según Martín Menéndez 2008: fig. 11 y 12). Figura 17. Otras estampillas. no 1 y 2: Baetulo (según M. Comas i Solà 1997, no 2 y 9); no 3: pecio de Illes Formigues sobre Tar. 1A (según Pascual i Guasch 1991: no 275). Figura 18. Mapa de difusión de las ánforas ovoides de la Tarraconense citerior. 1: Port-la-Nautique; 2: Narbonne; 3: Lattes; 4: Arles; 5: Nîmes; 6: Vienne; 7: Lyon; 8: Bibracte; 9: Vieille-Toulouse; 10: Agen; 11: Burdigala; 12: Libourne; 13: Périgueux; 14 The ‘early production’ of Roman amphorae in Ulterior / Lusitania. Rui Roberto de Almeida Carlos Fabião Rui Roberto de Almeida and Carlos Fabião Figure 1. Map of Hispania, with emphasis on Lusitania, indicating the main geographical and/or pottery-making entities mentioned in the text: 1) Central Atlantic Coast; 2) Tagus valley; 3) Sado valley; 4) Central Alentejo; 5) Augusta Emerita territory; 6) Figure 2. a) Lusitana 12 on the typology of Dias Diogo (Diogo 1987); b) Lusitana 12 specimens and morphometric study of some examples at Troia (Diogo and Trindade 1998). Figure 3. Types of amphorae produced at Lusitanian workshops and attributable to the Early Principate: 1) Largo da Misericórdia (Silva 1996); 2) Abul (Mayet and Silva 2002); 3) Morraçal da Ajuda, Peniche (Cardoso et alii 2016). Figure 4. Several fragmented amphorae attributable to ‘ovoid Lusitanian’ amphorae from today’s Galicia and Northern Portugal settlements (according to Morais 2004). Figure 5. Several fragmented amphorae attributable to ‘ovoid Lusitanian’ amphorae from: 1) Santarém/Scallabis (Arruda, Veigas and Bargão 2006); 2) Castelo da Lousa (Morais and Fabião 2007; Morais 2010); 3) Monte dos Castelinhos (Pimenta and Mendes 2014); Figure 6. Amphorae produced in the kilns of: 1) Parvoíce, Alcácer do Sal (Pimenta, Ferreira and Cabrita 2016); 2) Rua António Granjo, Setúbal (Mayet and Silva 2016: 64-65). Figure 7. Synthesis of the main rim categories: I) thickened sub-rectangular profiles, with a projection in their lower section, at the point rim-to-neck transition; II) plain sub-rectangular profiles, forming ‘collar’ shaped rims; III) profiles with comp Figure 8. Comparison between Lusitana 12 (a), Lusitanian ‘Haltern 70’ (b) and the so-called Dressel 14 var. A from the Sado valley (c). Figure 1. Map of Hispania, with emphasis on Lusitania, indicating the main geographical and/or pottery-making entities mentioned in the text: 1) Central Atlantic Coast; 2) Tagus valley; 3) Sado valley; 4) Central Alentejo; 5) Augusta Emerita territory; 6) Algarve. Figure 2. a) Lusitana 12 on the typology of Dias Diogo (Diogo 1987); b) Lusitana 12 specimens and morphometric study of some examples at Troia (Diogo and Trindade 1998). Figure 3. Types of amphorae produced at Lusitanian workshops and attributable to the Early Principate: 1) Largo da Misericórdia (Silva 1996); 2) Abul (Mayet and Silva 2002); 3) Morraçal da Ajuda, Peniche (Cardoso et alii 2016). Figure 4. Several fragmented amphorae attributable to ‘ovoid Lusitanian’ amphorae from today’s Galicia and Northern Portugal settlements (according to Morais 2004). Figure 5. Several fragmented amphorae attributable to ‘ovoid Lusitanian’ amphorae from: 1) Santarém/Scallabis (Arruda, Veigas and Bargão 2006); 2) Castelo da Lousa (Morais and Fabião 2007; Morais 2010); 3) Monte dos Castelinhos (Pimenta and Mendes 2014); 4) Lisbon, Rua dos Bacalhoeiros (Filipe 2008b); 5) Lisbon, Roman theatre (Filipe 2015). Figure 6. Amphorae produced in the kilns of: 1) Parvoíce, Alcácer do Sal (Pimenta, Ferreira and Cabrita 2016); 2) Rua António Granjo, Setúbal (Mayet and Silva 2016: 64-65). Figure 6. Amphorae produced in the kilns of: 1) Parvoíce, Alcácer do Sal (Pimenta, Ferreira and Cabrita 2016); 2) Rua António Granjo, Setúbal (Mayet and Silva 2016: 64-65). Figure 7. Synthesis of the main rim categories: I) thickened sub-rectangular profiles, with a projection in their lower section, at the point rim-to-neck transition; II) plain sub-rectangular profiles, forming ‘collar’ shaped rims; III) profiles with complex outlines. Figure 8. Comparison between Lusitana 12 (a), Lusitanian ‘Haltern 70’ (b) and the so-called Dressel 14 var. A from the Sado valley (c). De la producción de ánforas Ovoide 1 gaditanas: aportaciones del alfar de Verinsur Darío Bernal-Casasola, José J. Díaz Rodríguez, María Luisa Lavado-Florido y Rosario García-Giménez Figura 1. Mapa de localización de la bahía de Cádiz, con la señalización (en rojo) de la ubicación del alfar de Verinsur y su relación con el resto de talleres alfareros de época romana (A); orto-fotografía del vuelo interministerial (1973-1986) procedent Figura 2. Selección de material datante de los contextos excavados en Verinsur: barniz negro –campaniense B- (1.- Lamboglia 2 – V/17/1/41; 2.- Lamboglia 3 – V17/1/12; 6-9.- Fondos de páteras de la forma Lamboglia 5 o 7 – V/17/1/8, con letras grafitadas en Figura 3. Defectos de cocción de ánforas ovoides en las fosas al norte del horno (A, B.- Fosa 2), y fragmentos hiper-cocidos y deformados asociados a Dressel 1 (1), ovoides (2, 3, 4) y T-7.4.3.3 (5 – 7). Figura 4. Síntesis de la cuantificación de las producciones anfóricas del taller de Verinsur. Figura 5. Selección de ánforas de producción local, tanto tardo-púnicas del tipo T-7.4.3.3 (1 – 11) como Dressel 1 (12- 20). Figura 6. Ovoide 1 gaditana de Verinsur, con detalles de las diferentes partes del envase. Figura 7. Bocas (1-10, 13-16) y pivotes (11-12) de las Ovoide 1 de Verinsur. Figura 8. Análisis mineralógico semi-cuantitativo (A), de elementos mayores (B) y de elementos menores y trazas (c) de las muestras y de los patrones (n.d. = no detectado). Figura 9. Análisis mineralógico de las muestras y patrones de arcilla (A), con detalle de las pastas amarillentas (B) y de las de coloración rojiza (C). Case studies, commercial routes, consumption contexts and contents Ovoid Amphoras found in Hellenistic Southern Levant contexts: their chronology and need for proveniences Gerald Finkielsztejn Northern Peloponnesian amphorae with convex-concave rims from the Styra A Shipwreck Lucie S. Vidličková Ovoid African and Hispanic amphorae in Italy Some examples from Ostia and Pompeii Alessia Contino, Lucilla D’Alessandro, Guillermo Pascual Berlanga and Albert Ribera i Lacomba The Italic ovoid amphorae in the Toulouse area at the end of the Iron Age (Midi-Pyrénées, France) Laurence Benquet1 The diffusion of south-Hispanic ovoid amphorae in Gaul, between the Late Republican and Early Empire times Kevin Quillon and Max Luaces Distribution of ovoid amphorae in north-west Europe. Consumption contexts and main trade routes Horacio González Cesteros Amphorae of the Brindisi area in Gallia Belgica: The example of Titelberg (Luxembourg) Debora C. Tretola Martinez Ovoid amphorae in Hispania Citerior/Tarraconenis: consumption contexts and main trade areas Daniel Mateo Corredor and Jaime Molina Vidal La importación de ánforas ovoides en la Tarraco republicana Moisés Díaz García Are you Local?1 Imported and locally produced amphorae in Alto Alentejo (Portugal) Rui Mataloto, Joey Williams and Conceição Roque Preliminary organic residue analysis of Ovoid 1 and Ovoid 5 amphorae from the Guadalquivir valley Darío Bernal-Casasola, Alessandra Pecci and Antonio M. Sáez Romero Ovoid Amphorae in the Mediterranean (2nd-1st centuries BC). State of the play and future research perspectives Part II Ovoid amphorae throughout the Mediterranean. Case studies, commercial routes, consumption contexts and contents Ovoid Amphoras found in Hellenistic Southern Levant contexts: their chronology and need for proveniences Gerald Finkielsztejn Figure 1. a. Southern Levant: map of the geo-ethnical regions; b. Southern Levant: map of the main cities and sites mentioned. Figure 2. Mazor: plan of the buildings (© Y. Zelinger). Figure 3. Mazor: the ovoid amphoras. Figure 4. Khirbet el-Eika: the amphora storeroom with the ovoid amphora (© U. Liebner). Figure 5. Khirbet el-Eika: the top of the ovoid amphora. Figure 7. Ascalon-Barnea (Peretz): the ovoid amphora bases. Figure 8. Maresha: map of the acropolis and the subterranean complexes (with numbers of those mentioned) (© A. Kloner). Figure 10. Maresha: the compared quantities of the main classes of amphoras of the last phase of occupation (c. 143/2-108/7 BC). Figure 9. Maresha: chronological breakdown of the dated eponym stamps. Figure 11. Maresha: African ovoid amphoras. Figure 12. Maresha: Italian (?) ovoid amphoras. Figure 13. Jerusalem, Jewish Quarter: map of the excavations with Areas E and J in the centre (© N. Avigad). Figure 14. Jerusalem, Jewish Quarter: the ovoid amphora rims and necks. Northern Peloponnesian amphorae with convex-concave rims from the Styra A shipwreck Lucie S. Vidličková Figure 1. Location of the Styra Island (above) and the shipwrecks discovered (below). Figure 2. Detailed plan of the cargo of the Styra A Shipwreck. Figure 3. Intact full-sised amphorae recovered from the Styra A shipwreck. Figure 4. Koan type vessel recovered on the shipwreck’s upper layer. Figure 5. Athenian Agora, Mask Cistern. Rim fragment (P 37601 a) related with the ones documented at the Styra A shipwreck. Figure 6. Accompanying finds from the Styra A Shipwreck. 1: lagynos; 2: unglazed plate; 3: on-board vessel with conical body and flat ring-base; 4: unusual vessel resembling a table amphora from Corinth. Figure 7. Thin section petrograph photos from the vessels from the Styra A shipwreck. Ovoid African and Hispanic amphorae in Italy Some examples from Ostia and Pompeii Alessia Contino, Lucilla D’Alessandro, Guillermo Pascual Berlanga and Albert Ribera i Lacomba Figure 1. Location of Longarina sites (P: Longarina 2 = excavations 2005; Q: Longarina 1 = excavations 1975) at the suburb of Ostia in Roman times (Pannuzi 2007: table. I, by G. July). Figures 2 and 3. Location and topographic relief of amphorae deposits in Longarina 2 (Pannuzi et al., 2006: figs. 28-29. Drawing by F. Cenciotti). Figure 4. Longarina-Ostia. Ancient African amphorae. Ovoid body. 1. Lon 33549; 2. Lon 33538; 3. Lon P2757; 4. Lon 33546; 5. Lon 33587. (drawings by A. Contino). Figure 5. Longarina-Ostia. Ancient African amphorae. 1. Lon 33549; 2. Lon P2757; 3. Lon 33546; 4. Lon 33587. (photos by R. Sebastiani). Figure 6. Longarina-Ostia. Ancient African amphorae. 6-7. Lon P2761-Lon 33583. Pseudo-cylindrical body. 8. Lon p2763. Ancient African similis. 9. Lon 33709. Fragmentary Ancient African. 10-11. Lon P2756 and Lon 33567. Small format Amphora. (drawings by A. Figure 7. Pompeii, Granai del Foro. Late Ancient African amphorae with a pseudo-cylindrical body. 1. Pom 26037; 2. Pom 43184; 3. Pom sn 189. (drawings by A. Contino). Figure 8. Longarina-Ostia. Ancient African amphorae of small format. Lon P2756 and Lon 33567. (photo by R. Sebastiani). Figure 9. Longarina-Ostia. Ancient African amphorae. Petrographic analysis and indications of origin. (microphotograph by C. Capelli). Figure 10. 1-2. Longarina-Ostia. Lon 33542, Lon 33510. Ovoid Tripolitanian amphorae (?). 3. Nuovo Mercato Testaccio. NMT 1.88. Ovoid Tripolitanian amphora (?); 4. Longarina-Ostia. Lon p2755. Early African amphora. (drawings by A. Contino). Figure 11. Longarina-Ostia. Ovoid Hispanic amphorae related to the type Oberaden 83 (photo by A. Contino). Table 1. La Longarina 1, Ostia, Horrea Epagathiana. Ancient African and Early Tripolitanian Amphorae (A.C.) Figure 12. Longarina 2. Ovoid amphora of Gaditan production, inv. 59256, amphora 3 (photo by G. Sanguinetti ©, Soprintendenza Speciale per il Colosseo, il Museo Nazionale Romano e l’area archeologica di Roma, sede di Ostia). Figure 13. Longarina 2. Ovoid amphora, inv. 59286, amphora 33, possibly Tarraconense 1 (photo by G. Sanguinetti ©, Soprintendenza Speciale per il Colosseo, il Museo Nazionale Romano e l’area archeologica di Roma, sede di Ostia). Figure 14. Longarina 2. Ovoid amphora, inv. 59266, amphora 13, possibly a Catalan production (photo by G. Sanguinetti ©, Soprintendenza Speciale per il Colosseo, il Museo Nazionale Romano e l’area archeologica di Roma, sede di Ostia). Figure 15. Longarina 2. Amphora inv. 59278, amphora 25 (photo by G. Sanguinetti ©, Soprintendenza Speciale per il Colosseo, il Museo Nazionale Romano e l’area archeologica di Roma, sede di Ostia). Figure 16. Longarina 2. Amphora inv. 59271, amphora 18 (photo by G. Sanguinetti ©, Soprintendenza Speciale per il Colosseo, il Museo Nazionale Romano e l’area archeologica di Roma, sede di Ostia). Figure 17. Longarina 2. Flat-bottomed amphora, inv. 59259, amphora 6 (photo by G. Sanguinetti ©, Soprintendenza Speciale per il Colosseo, il Museo Nazionale Romano e l’area archeologica di Roma, sede di Ostia). Figure 18. Rome. Ancient African amphorae. 1-3; Nuovo Mercato Testaccio. Fragmented amphorae (drawings by A. Contino); 4. Vigna Barberini. Fragmented amphora (Rizzo 2003); 5. Rome, Via Nelli. Amphora (Lissi Caronna 1968). Figure 19. Amphorae groups from Pompeii. Table 2. La Longarina 1 and 2 deposits comparison. Figure 20. Map showing the location of the House of Ariadne and via degli Augustali. Table 3. Amphorae from the House of Ariadne. Figure 21. Amphorae dated in the Late-Samnite period (100-80 BC). Ancient African (2019-29) and Brindisi (2019-21). Figure 22. Punic amphorae from the House of Ariadne. Figure 23. Amphorae dated in the Julio-Claudian period. Ancient African (2304-5, 105, 106) and Brindisi amphorae (2304-17). Figure 24. Amphorae recovered from the fill of the basin 32. Ancient African (4255-17). Figure 25. Amphora with the titulus TAVR recovered from the fill of the basin 30. Figure 26. Amphorae found in the ‘cantina’ from the House of Ariadne at Pompeii. 79 AD. The diffusion of south-Hispanic ovoid amphorae in Gaul, between the Late Republican and Early Empire times Kevin Quillon Max Luaces Kevin Quillon and Max Luaces Figure 1. Drawing and picture of a Gaditan ovoid amphora from southern France (from Sáez Romero and Luaces 2014). Figure 2. Map of the Western Mediterranean, with some of the major cities in the Gallia Narbonensis and Hispania Ulterior provinces. Various shipwrecks with Hispanic ovoid amphorae are presented, along with the contexts that will be studied here (number s Figure 3. Ovoid amphora from French Mediterranean shipwrecks: 1. Cap Sicié; 2. Dramont A; 3-4. Planier 5; 5. Titan (1, from Tchernia 1969; 2, from Benoit 1958; 3-4, from Benoit 1962; 5, from Benoit 1956). Figure 4. Gaditan ovoid amphora types 1 and 2 from the Grand-Congloué 3 shipwreck (original drawings by Kevin Quillon). Figure 5. Gaditan ovoid amphorae types 3 and 4 from the Grand-Congloué 3 shipwreck (drawings 1, 2 and 4 by Kevin Quillon; 3 and 5 from Liou 2000). Figure 6. Guadalquivir ovoid amphorae types 3 and 4 according to Almeida’s typology and Lomba do Canho 67 amphora from the Grand-Congloué 3 shipwreck (drawings 1, 2, 3 and 4 by Kevin Quillon; 5 and 6 from Liou 2000). Figure 7. Dressel 12 and Dressel 1C from the Grand-Congloué 3 shipwreck (original drawings by Kevin Quillon). Figure 8. Drawings of early Hispanic ovoid amphorae from Ensérune. Rim fragment 1 being almost certainly a Gaditan ovoid type (original drawing by Max Luaces). Figure 9. Updated map of the remains at the mining site of Lascours (drawing by Max Luaces). Figure 10. Drawing of the Gaditan ovoid amphora sherd from Lascours, no L 85 V (original drawing by Max Luaces). Figure 11. Updated map of the Sanctuary of Cybele site in modern Lyon (from Desbat 1998: 243). Figure 12. Various sherds of amphorae defined as Gaditan ovoid from the Sanctuary of Cybele. Material discovered in the first stratum of occupation in the A8 survey. Figure 13. A set of south-Hispanic Amphorae from the site of Ensérune, with the same fabric (maybe from Gadir?), but with distinct and separate chronologies: end of the 2nd century BC (numbers 1 and 2), first half of the 1st century BC (numbers 3 and 4, m Distribution of ovoid amphorae in north-west Europe. Consumption contexts and main trade routes Horacio González Cesteros Figure 1. Map of the north-western regions of the Roman Empire. Figure 2. Amphorae from different tombs of Goblingen-Nospelt (Martin-Kilcher, Tretola and Vogt 2009). Figure 3. Dressel 9 from Clemency (left: Martin-Kilcher 1994; right: Metzler et al. 1991). Figure 4. Gaditan Ovoid from the Rheinisches Landesmuseum in Trier. Personal photo of the author. Figure 5. Ovoid amphorae found in different contexts in Lyon. Figure 6. Early Oberaden 83 with a red-ink inscription found in the military fort of Neuss. Figure 7. Brindisian amphorae found in the military fort of Neuss. Figure 8. Rim of ‘ante Dressel 6B’ from Neuss. Figure 9. Map of the most important productive regions of ovoid amphorae attested in the north-western regions of the Roman world and the proposed commercial routes. Amphorae of the Brindisi area in Gallia Belgica: The example of Titelberg (Luxembourg) Debora C. Tretola Martinez Figure 1. The Oppidum of Titelberg, according to current research. The white squares represent the excavated areas. (after Metzler et al. 2016: fig. 286). Figure 2. The amphorae of the region of Brindisi from the trading centre in Titelberg. (drawings: Debora C. Tretola Martinez and Christine Stierli). Figure 3. The provenance of the amphorae from the trading centre in Titelberg, according to current research (template from Gaeng et al. 2014: 34, revised by Debora C. Tretola Martinez and Catherine Gaeng). The amphorae here argued to be from the area of Ovoid amphorae in Hispania Citerior/Tarraconensis: consumption contexts and main trade areas Daniel Mateo Corredor and Jaime Molina Vidal Figure 1. Map showing the sites mentioned in the text. Figure 2. 1-9. Ancient African amphorae: 1. Loma de Herrerías, 2. Lucentum, 3. Pollentia (Equip d’excavació de Pollentia 1993), 4-5. Valentia (Pascual Berlanga and Ribera i Lacomba 2002), 6. Tarraco (Díaz García 2012), 7. Numantia (Principal Ponce 2000), Figure 3. Comparison between Ancient African and Brindisian amphorae. Figure 4. 1-7. Tarraconense 1: 1-2. Lucentum, 3. Tossal de les Basses (Rosser Limiñana and Soler Ortiz 2015), 4. Saguntum (Márquez Villora and Molina Vidal 2005), 5. Tarraco (Díaz García 2012), 6. Illes Formigues I (Martín i Menéndez 2008), 7. Cala Bona I Figure 5. 1-5. Ovoid 4: 1. Baetulo (Comas i Solà 1985), 2. Vilarenc (Revilla Calvo 2010), 3. C/Olimpo, 4. Valentia (Pascual Berlanga and Ribera i Lacomba 2001), 5. Cala Bona I (Martín i Menéndez 2008); 6-11. Ovoid 5: 6. C/Olimpo, 7-8. Carthago Nova (Molin Figure 6. Ovoid amphorae from the Guadalquivir valley, in the foundation layers of the Forum of Lucentum. Figure 7. 1-5. Ovoid 6/Oberaden 83: 1-2. Iesso (Carreras Monfort 2004), 3-4. Iluro (Cerdà i Mellado et al. 1997; Puerta 2010), 5. Emporiae (Berni Millet 2008); 6-13. Gaditan ovoid amphorae/ancient Dressel 7-11: 6. Baetulo (Comas i Solà and Padrós Martí 20 La importación de ánforas ovoides en la Tarraco republicana Moisés Díaz García Figura 1. Tipología y representatividad de las importaciones de ánforas en el período 150-135/130 a.C. Figura 2. Tipología y representatividad de las importaciones de ánforas en el período 135/130-120 a.C. Figura 3. Tipología y representatividad de las importaciones de ánforas en el primer cuarto del siglo I a.C. Figura 4. Tipología y representatividad de las importaciones de ánforas en el segundo cuarto del siglo I a.C. Figura 5. Ánforas ovoides del período de las Guerras Celtibéricas: 1- Africana Antigua. Ánforas ovoides de inicios del último tercio del The production of amphorae and the export of commodities transported in them was a key activity for the Mediterranean world in Antiquity. Consequently, their study is of enormous value for analysing the agricultural economy and commercial mechanism of that period. Through the typological and chronological analysis of these ceramic containers, a high degree of knowledge has been achieved, especially for the production of the different Mediterranean societies from the second millennium BC to the Middle Ages. In this book, several series of amphorae created in the Late Republican Roman period (2nd and 1st centuries BC) have been studied – a group of material until now little studied. All of these groups of containers share a common feature in the shape of their bodies which is generally ovoid. The fact that they were conceived and developed in the economic and political context in which Rome expanded throughout the Mediterranean, transferring to its new territories its production and commercialization procedures, bears witness to the almost total integration of the Mediterranean markets. This publication is based on the proceedings of the workshop ‘A family business’ held at Seville University in December 2015. The book brings together contributions on the main production areas of these ovoid amphorae from the Atlantic to the Greek mainland / North Peloponnese, analysing in detail the origins, evolution and disappearance of their main series. It also includes case studies that are particularly relevant in relation to their distribution, consumption patterns, contents and relationship with other groups of amphorae manufactured in the Roman Imperial era. The aim of this publication has been to present an updated and complete synthesis of the so-called ovoid amphorae, from an interdisciplinary, international and diachronic standpoint. Roman and Late Antique Mediterranean Pottery 13,Roman economy,ancient maritime trade,monetisation,ancient ceramic repertories,Roman republican and early imperial ceramics,ancient market and state economies