معماهای اورول: فریادی از ناامیدی یا ایمان به 'روح انسان'؟

An important contribution to the understanding of George Orwell's thought, particularly to Nineteen Eighty Four. The author challenges the view of the novel as a flawed work of crushing pessimism, arguing convincingly that it is a great humanist's mature vision of his deeply troubled times. Cover Title Copyright Acknowledgements Contents PART I: A CRY OF DESPAIR OR FAITH IN THE "SPIRIT OF MAN"? 1. The Orwell Conundrum 2. Orwell's Essays: The Birth of the Adversary 3. Orwell's Fiction: From Psychological Realism to Political Satire 4. Nineteen Eighty-Four: The Reconciliation of Political Allegory and Psychological Realism PART II: GOLDSTEIN'S BOOK: THE KEY TO THE DECODING OF THE SATIRE: THE "SECULAR RELIGION" OF TOTALITARIANISM 5. Time as Theme and Structure in Dystopian Satire 6. Proles, Intellectuals, and the Betrayal of Socialism: Orwell's Satirical Devices 7. Doublethink 8. The Demonic World of Oceania: The Persecution of the 'Satanic' Opponent 9. The Demonic World of Oceania: The Mystical Adulation of the 'Sacred' Leader PART III: CONFRONTING THE DEMONIC IN TOTALITARIANISM: ORWELL AND CONTEMPORARIES 10. The Demonic Spiral: Psycho-Historical Interpretations 11. The Modern Morality Play of Everyman against the Demonic Forces of Totalitarianism: Thomas Mann, Camus, Sartre, and Orwell on the Theme of Betrayal 12. What Turns Utopia into Dystopia? The Terror of Science and the Science of Terror: Huxley and Orwell PART IV: ORWELL'S TRAGIC HUMANISM 13. The "Spirit of Man": Orwell's Response to the 'Realism' of Marx, Freud, and the Existentialists 14. Orwell's Concept of the Tragic: The Synthesis of Nineteenth-Century Moral Idealism and Twentieth-Century Realism PART V: COMING THROUGH THE OTHER SIDE: THE METAMORPHOSIS OF TRAGIC IRONY INTO THE MILITANT WIT OF SATIRE: AN ULTIMATE FAITH IN THE "SPIRIT OF MAN" 15. The Structural Function of Newspeak: The Catharsis of Satire 16. The Thematic Function of Newspeak: The Reversal of Tragic Irony into the Militant Wit of Satire. Concluding Remarks Works Cited Index