The Origins of Organ Transplantation: Surgery and Laboratory Science, 1880-1930 (Rochester Studies in Medical History) (Volume 18)

This book investigates a crucial-but forgotten-episode in the history of medicine. In it, Thomas Schlich systematically documents and analyzes the earliest clinical and experimental organ transplant surgeries. In so doing he lays open the historical origins of modern transplantation, offering a new and original analysis of its conceptual basis within a broader historical context. This first comprehensive account of the birth of modern transplant medicine examines how doctors and scientists between 1880 and 1930 developed the technology and rationale for performing surgical organ replacement within the epistemological and social context of experimental university medicine. The clinical application of organ replacement, however, met with formidable obstacles even as the procedure became more widely recognized. Schlich highlights various attempts to overcome these obstacles, including immunological explanations and new technologies of immune suppression, and documents the changes in surgical technique and research standards that led to the temporary abandonment of organ transplantation by the 1930s. Thomas Schlich is professor and Canada Research Chair in the History of Medicine at McGill University. Table of Contents An ancient dream of mankind?What is special about organ transplantation?Before organ A natural history approach to diseaseThe invention of organ transplantationOrganotherapy and organ replacementRise and decline of thyroid transplantationThe discovery of a new the parathyroid glandLaboratory and organ replacement for diabetesThe many uses of the adrenal glandReconstructing ovarian transplantsRejuvenating testicle transplantsOne principle, multiple further organsFrom special case to the kidneyEthical problems with organ transplantationLaboratory and the epistemic and social contextMethods of monitoring the success of The clinical failure of organ transplantationThe strategy of technical perfectionA new transplant immunologyChance and a fresh start for organ transplantation Series Page 3 Title Page 4 Copyright 5 Table of Contents 6 List of Illustrations 8 Acknowledgments 10 Part One: Introduction 12 1 An Ancient Dream of Mankind? The Historicity of Organ Transplantation 14 2 What Is Special about Organ Transplantation? 25 Part Two: The Success of Organ Transplantation as a Concept 32 3 Before Organ Replacement: A Natural History Approach to Disease 34 4 The Invention of Organ Transplantation 42 5 Organotherapy and Organ Replacement 58 6 The Rise and Decline of Thyroid Transplantation 64 7 The Discovery of a New Organ: The Parathyroid Gland 70 8 Laboratory and Clinic: Organ Replacement for Diabetes 76 9 The Many Uses of the Adrenal Gland 89 10 Reconstructing Women: Ovarian Transplants 96 11 Rejuvenating Men: Testicle Transplants 110 12 One Principle, Multiple Applications: Further Organs 127 13 From Special Case to Prototype: The Kidney 133 14 Ethical Problems with Organ Transplantation 144 15 Laboratory and Clinic: The Epistemic and Social Context 157 Part Three: The Failure of Organ Transplantation in Practice 174 16 Methods of Monitoring the Success of Transplants 176 17 Disillusionment: The Clinical Failure of Organ Transplantation 194 18 The Strategy of Technical Perfection 204 19 A New Direction: Transplant Immunology 218 20 Chance or Necessity: A Fresh Start for Organ Transplantation 235 21 Summary and Conclusion 241 List of Abbreviations 252 Notes 254 Bibliography 322 Index 352 A history of the little-known or forgotten academic origins of modern organ transplant surgery. This book investigates a crucial -- but forgotten -- episode in the history of medicine. In it, Thomas Schlich systematically documents and analyzes the earliest clinical and experimental organ transplant surgeries. In so doing helays open the historical origins of modern transplantation, offering a new and original analysis of its conceptual basis within a broader historical context. This first comprehensive account of the birth of modern transplantmedicine examines how doctors and scientists between 1880 and 1930 developed the technology and rationale for performing surgical organ replacement within the epistemological and social context of experimental university medicine. The clinical application of organ replacement, however, met with formidable obstacles even as the procedure became more widely recognized. Schlich highlights various attempts to overcome these obstacles, including immunologicalexplanations and new technologies of immune suppression, and documents the changes in surgical technique and research standards that led to the temporary abandonment of organ transplantation by the 1930s. Thomas Schlichis Professor and Canada Research Chair in the History of Medicine at McGill University A history of the little-known or forgotten academic origins of modern organ transplant surgery.This book investigates a crucial-but forgotten-episode in the history of medicine. In it, Thomas Schlich systematically documents and analyzes the earliest clinical and experimental organ transplant surgeries. In so doing he laysopen the historical origins of modern transplantation, offering a new and original analysis of its conceptual basis within a broader historical context. This first comprehensive account of the birth of modern transplant medicine examines how doctors and scientists between 1880 and 1930 developed the technology and rationale for performing surgical organ replacement within the epistemological and social context of experimental university medicine. Theclinical application of organ replacement, however, met with formidable obstacles even as the procedure became more widely recognized. Schlich highlights various attempts to overcome these obstacles, including immunological explanations and new technologies of immune suppression, and documents the changes in surgical technique and research standards that led to the temporary abandonment of organ transplantation by the 1930s. Thomas Schlich is professor and Canada Research Chair in the History of Medicine at McGill University. An Ancient Dream Of Mankind : The Historicity Of Organ Transplantation -- What Is Special About Organ Transplantation? -- Before Organ Replacement : A Natural History Approach To Disease -- The Invention Of Organ Transplantation -- Organotherapy And Organ Replacement -- The Rise And Decline Of Thyroid Transplantation -- The Discovery Of A New Organ : The Parathyroid Gland -- Laboratory And Clinic : Organ Replacement For Diabetes -- The Many Uses Of The Adrenal Gland -- Reconstructing Women : Ovarian Transplants -- Rejuvenating Men : Testicle Transplants -- One Principle, Multiple Applications : Further Organs -- From Special Case To Prototype : The Kidney -- Ethical Problems With Organ Transplantation -- Laboratory And Clinic : The Epistemic And Social Context -- Methods Of Monitoring The Success Of Transplants -- Disillusionment: The Clinical Failure Of Organ Transplantation -- The Strategy Of Technical Perfection -- A New Direction : Transplant Immunology -- Chance Or Necessity : A Fresh Start For Organ Transplantation. Thomas Schlich. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [311]-339) And Index.