The Open Society and Its Enemies, Vol. 2: Hegel, Marx, and the Aftermath

Review A modern classic. - The Independent A brilliant polemic It remains the best intellectual defence of liberal democracy against know-it-all totalitarianism. - The Economist This is a work of great interest and significance, stimulating and suggestive throughout. Dr Poppers virtues are manifold. He has a great fertility of ideas. Almost every sentence gives us something to think about. - G.C. Field, Philosophy Product Description Popper was born in 1902 to a Viennese family of Jewish origin. He taught in Austria until 1937, when he emigrated to New Zealand in anticipation of the Nazi annexation of Austria the following year, and he settled in England in 1949. Before the annexation, Popper had written mainly about the philosophy of science, but from 1938 until the end of the Second World War he focused his energies on political philosophy, seeking to diagnose the intellectual origins of German and Soviet totalitarianism. The Open Society and Its Enemies was the result. In the book, Popper condemned Plato, Marx, and Hegel as ''holists'' and ''historicists''--a holist, according to Popper, believes that individuals are formed entirely by their social groups; historicists believe that social groups evolve according to internal principles that it is the intellectual's task to uncover. Popper, by contrast, held that social affairs are unpredictable, and argued vehemently against social engineering. He also sought to shift the focus of political philosophy away from questions about who ought to rule toward questions about how to minimize the damage done by the powerful. The book was an immediate sensation, and--though it has long been criticized for its portrayals of Plato, Marx, and Hegel--it has remained a landmark on the left and right alike for its defense of freedom and the spirit of critical inquiry. Popper Condemned Plato, Marx, And Hegel As Holists And Historicists--a Holist, According To Popper, Believes That Individuals Are Formed Entirely By Their Social Groups; Historicists Believe That Social Groups Evolve According To Internal Principles That It Is The Intellectual's Task To Uncover. Popper, By Contrast, Held That Social Affairs Are Unpredictable, And Argued Vehemently Against Social Engineering. He Also Sought To Shift The Focus Of Political Philosophy Away From Questions About Who Ought To Rule Toward Questions About How To Minimize The Damage Done By The Powerful. The Book Was An Immediate Sensation, And--though It Has Long Been Criticized For Its Portrayals Of Plato, Marx, And Hegel--it Has Remained A Landmark On The Left And Right Alike For Its Defense Of Freedom And The Spirit Of Critical Inquiry. V. 1. The Spell Of Plato -- V. 2. The High Tide Of Prophecy: Hegel, Marx, And The Aftermath. By Karl Popper. Includes Bibliographical References And Indexes. Condemns Plato, Marx, and Hegel as "holists" and "historicists". The author tells that a holist believes that individuals are formed entirely by their social groups; historicists believe that social groups evolve according to internal principles that it is the intellectual's task to uncover. It is widely believed that a truly scientific or philosophical attitude towards politics, and a deeper understanding of social life in general, must be based upon a contemplation and interpretation of human history. A critical appraisal of political and historical philosophies, delineating the threat to freedom posed by several classical thinkers