جنگ‌های شمالی: جنگ، دولت و جامعه در شمال‌شرقی اروپا، ۱۵۵۸ - ۱۷۲۱ (جنگ‌های مدرن در چشم‌انداز)

The Northern Wars Examines A Period Of Critical Importance For The History Of Eastern And Northern Europe. It Provides An Accessible Analysis Of The Neglected But Highly Important Series Of Wars Fought Between 1558 And 1721 For Control Of The Baltic And For Hegemony In Northeastern Europe. At The Beginning Of The Period Sweden And Poland Were The Dominant Powers Of Northern Europe, By The End They Were Both In Eclipse And Russia And Prussia Were The New International Superpowers, Dominating The Stage. This Book Argues That The Conditions And Demands Of War In Northeastern Europe Were Different To Those Of Western Europe, And Challenges The Common Assumption That Warfare In Eastern Europe Was Resistant To Change. Thoroughly Comparative, It Examines The Impact Of The War On The Very Different Social And Political Systems Of Sweden, Denmark, Poland-lithuania And Russia And Explains Why Russia Emerged Victorious From The Wars. It Also Questions The Traditional Accounts Of Important Figures Such As Peter The Great And Gustav Adolf. The Northern Wars Is Based On Extensive Primary And Secondary Material In Several Languages, Containing Much Material That Is Unfamiliar In English. It Is An Important Contribution To The Debate On The Relationship Between Military Change And Political Development In Early Modern Europe And Will Be Of Use To All Students Of The Period.--jacket. Causes 3 -- Combatants 5 -- Northern Wars 11 -- A Military Revolution? 16 -- 2. First Northern War 23 -- Military Challenge 23 -- Nordic Seven Years War (1563-70) 29 -- Political Fallout 37 -- 3. Ascendancy Of Poland-lithuania 44 -- End Of The First Northern War And The Time Of Troubles 44 -- A Hostile Environment 47 -- Polonia Triumphans 53 -- East Versus West 62 -- 4. A Time Of Troubles: The Impact Of War, 1558-1619 74 -- Destruction 74 -- Smuta 81 -- Price Of Victory 88 -- 5. Rise Of Sweden 102 -- A New Dawn 102 -- Battle For Prussia 104 -- Coming Of The Military State 114 -- 6. New Beginnings 133 -- Stormakt 133 -- Denmark: The Battle For Control 135 -- Smolensk War, 1632-4 142 -- Poland-lithuania And Military Reform 148 -- 7. Thirteen Years War And The Second Northern War 156 -- Crisis 156 -- Collapse 164 -- Recovery 169 -- End Of The Thirteen Years War 183 -- 8. Northern Europe And The Military Revolution 192 -- An Uneasy Peace 192 -- Danish Revolution 193 -- Brandenburg-prussia: Shaky Beginnings 198 -- Sweden: War Cannot Feed Itself 200 -- Scanian War, 1674-9 208 -- Absolutum Dominium 216 -- 9. Start Of The Great Northern War 226 -- Outbreak Of War 226 -- A Surprise Beginning 229 -- Transformation 231 -- A Nation Once Illustrious 243 -- 10. Russia's Triumph 263 -- War In The Commonwealth Robert I. Frost. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 345-365) And Index.

The Northern Wars examines a period of critical importance for the history of eastern and northern Europe. It provides an accessible analysis of the neglected but highly important series of wars fought between 1558 and 1721 for control of the Baltic and for hegemony in northeastern Europe. At the beginning of the period Sweden and Poland were the dominant powers of northern Europe, by the end they were both in eclipse and Russia and Prussia were the new international superpowers, dominating the stage.

This book argues that the conditions and demands of war in northeastern Europe were different to those of western Europe, and challenges the common assumption that warfare in eastern Europe was resistant to change.

Thoroughly comparative, it examines the impact of the war on the very different social and political systems of Sweden, Denmark, Poland-Lithuania and Russia and explains why Russia emerged victorious from the wars. It also questions the traditional accounts of important figures such as Peter the Great and Gustav Adolf.

The Northern Wars is based on extensive primary and secondary material in several languages, containing much material that is unfamiliar in English. It is an important contribution to the debate on the relationship between military change and political development in early modern Europe and will be of use to all students of the period.

This book provides an accessible study of the neglected but highly important series of wars fought for control of the Baltic and Northeastern Europe during the period 1558-1721. It is the first comprehensive history which considers the revolution in military strategy which took place in the battlefields of Eastern Europe. Robert Frost examines the impact of war on the very different social and political systems of Sweden, Denmark, Poland-Lithuania and Russia and he explains why it was Russia that emerged victorious from these wars. Based on extensive primary and secondary research (including much material that is unfamiliar in English) this book makes an important contribution to the debate on military change and political development in early modern Europe.