The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Volume 18: Media (The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture, 18)

This volume of The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture examines how mass media have shaped popular perceptions of the South--and how the South has shaped the history of mass media. An introductory overview by Allison Graham and Sharon Monteith is followed by 40 thematic essays and 132 topical articles that examine major trends and seminal moments in film, television, radio, press, and Internet history. Among topics explored are the southern media boom, beginning with the Christian Broadcast Network and CNN; popular movies, television shows, and periodicals that have shaped ideas about the region, including Gone with the Wind , The Beverly Hillbillies , Roots , and Southern Living ; and southern media celebrities such as Oprah Winfrey, Truman Capote, and Stephen Colbert. The volume details the media's involvement in southern history, from depictions of race in the movies to news coverage of the civil rights movement and Hurricane Katrina. Taken together, these entries reveal and comment on the ways in which mass media have influenced, maintained, and changed the idea of a culturally unique South. MuPDF error: syntax error: invalid key in dict MuPDF error: syntax error: invalid key in dict MuPDF error: syntax error: invalid key in dict MuPDF error: syntax error: invalid key in dict MuPDF error: syntax error: invalid key in dict MuPDF error: syntax error: invalid key in dict MuPDF error: syntax error: invalid key in dict MuPDF error: syntax error: invalid key in dict MuPDF error: syntax error: invalid key in dict Cover 1 Contents 10 General Introduction 14 Introduction 20 SOUTHERN MEDIA CULTURES 24 Broadcast News, Voices, and Accents 54 Comic Strips 57 Film, Censorship of 61 Film, Civil Rights in 64 Film, Civil War in 67 Film, Comedy 70 Film, Documentary 74 Film, Ethnicity in 80 Film, Exploitation 83 Film, Good Ole Boy 88 Film, Horror 91 Film, Independent 95 Film, Lynching 99 Film, Musical 103 Film, Music (Southern) in 107 Film, Plantation in 110 Film, Politics in 111 Film, Prison 114 Film, Race in (1890s–1930s) 118 Film, Religion in 122 Film, Silent 125 Film Exhibition 129 Film Industry 134 Internet Representations of the South 137 Journalism (Print) and Civil Rights (1954–1968) 141 Journalism (Print) and Labor 146 Journalists, New South 150 Magazines 153 Newspapers 159 Newspapers, Spanish-Language 165 Photojournalism 169 Radio, Spanish-Language 176 Radio Industry, Early 180 Radio Industry, Modern 184 Segregationists’ Use of Media 186 Television, Civil Rights and 190 Television Movies 194 Television Series (1940s–1980s) 197 Television Series (1980 to Present) 202 Agee, James 206 All the King’s Men 208 Altman, Robert 209 Appalshop 210 Bakker, Jim and Tammy Faye 212 Bankhead, Tallulah 214 Barber, Red 216 The Beatles and Jesus Controversy 218 The Beverly Hillbillies 219 Binford, Lloyd 221 The Birth of a Nation 222 Bourke-White, Margaret 224 Brewer, Craig 225 Bryant, Anita 227 Cable News Network (CNN) 228 Caldwell, Erskine, and Film 230 Capote, Truman 231 Carter, Asa 233 Carter, Hodding 235 Carville, James 236 Cherokee Phoenix 238 Chick Flicks 239 Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN) 241 The Civil War (Ken Burns’s) 242 Coen, Ethan and Joel 243 Colbert, Stephen 245 Conroy, Pat, Film Adaptations 247 Country Music Television (CMT) 248 Cox Enterprises 249 Curtiz, Michael 251 Davis, Bette 252 Davis, Ossie 253 The Defiant Ones 254 Deliverance 256 Designing Women 257 Dixie Chicks Controversy 259 Driving Miss Daisy 259 The Dukes of Hazzard 260 Eyes on the Prize 261 Falwell, Jerry 263 Faulkner, William, and Film 265 Fetchit, Stepin 267 Foote, Horton 268 Ford, Tennessee Ernie 270 Freeman, Morgan 272 Gardner, Ava 274 Gardner, “Brother Dave” 275 Golden, Harry 277 Gone with the Wind 279 Graham, Billy 282 Grand Ole Opry 283 Great Speckled Bird 285 Griffith,Andy 286 Grisham, John, Film Adaptations of Novels by 289 Harris, Joel Chandler 291 Hee Haw 292 Huie, William Bradford 294 Hunter-Gault, Charlayne 295 I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang 296 Inherit the Wind 297 In the Heat of the Night 300 The Intruder 301 Ivins, Molly 303 Jefferson, Thomas, and Sally Hemings 304 Jezebel 305 Jones, James Earl 308 Kazan, Elia 310 Kennedy, Stetson 312 Kilpatrick, James J. 314 King, Martin Luther, Jr., Media Representations of 315 Lee, Spike 317 Leigh, Vivien 319 Living Blues 321 Mandingo 323 Marlette, Doug 325 McCullers, Carson, and Film 327 McElwee, Ross 329 McGill, Ralph 330 McQueen, Butterfly 332 Mississippi Burning 334 Mitchell, Jerry, Jr. 335 Monroe, Sputnik 336 Morris, Willie 338 Moyers, Bill 340 Nashville 341 The Nashville Network (TNN or Spike) 343 New Orleans Times-Picayune 343 Norman Film Studios 345 Nothing but a Man 347 Nuñez, Victor 348 O’Connor, Flannery, in Film and Television 350 Oxford American 351 Parton, Dolly 353 Pearl, Minnie 354 Perry, Tyler 355 Pinky 356 Presley, Elvis 358 Presley, Elvis, Dead on Film 360 Radio Free Dixie 361 The Real McCoys 362 Renoir, Jean 364 Reynolds, Burt 365 Ritt, Martin 366 Robertson, Pat 368 Roots 370 Rose, Charlie 371 Sayles, John 373 Shore, Dinah 374 Show Boat 375 Song of the South 377 Southern Cultures 378 Southern Exposure 379 Southern Living 381 Spacek, Sissy 382 A Streetcar Named Desire 384 Swaggart, Jimmy 387 Telemundo 388 Thornton, Billy Bob 389 A Time to Kill 391 To Kill a Mockingbird 392 Turner, Ted 394 Vidor, King 395 The Waltons 396 Way Down South 397 WDIA 398 Wells-Barnett, Ida B. 399 WHER 401 Williams, Tennessee, and Film 402 Winfrey, Oprah 404 WLAC 406 Woodward, Joanne 408 WSM 409 Young, P. B. 411 Index of Contributors 414 A 414 B 414 C 414 D 414 E 414 F 414 G 414 H 414 I 414 J 414 K 414 L 414 M 415 N 415 P 415 R 415 S 415 T 415 U 415 V 415 W 415 Y 415 Index 416 A 416 B 418 C 422 D 426 E 428 F 429 G 431 H 433 I 436 J 437 K 438 L 439 M 441 N 445 O 447 P 448 Q 449 R 450 S 452 T 456 U 458 V 459 W 459 Y 462 Z 462 Volume 1: Religion. In This Volume Of The New Encyclopedia Of Southern Culture, Contributors Have Revised Entries From The Original Encyclopedia On Topics Ranging From Religious Broadcasting To Snake Handling And Added New Entries On Such Topics As Asian Religions, Latino Religion, New Age Religion, Islam, Native American Religion, And Social Activism. With The Contributions Of More Than 60 Authorities In The Field--including Paul Harvey, Loyal Jones, Wayne Flynt, And Samuel F. Weber--this Volume Is An Accessibly Written, Up-to-date Reference To Religious Culture In The American South. Volume 2: Geography. This Volume Addresses General Topics Of Cultural Geographic Interest, Such As Appalachia, Exiles And Expatriates, Latino And Jewish Populations, Migration Patterns, And The Profound Disneyfication Of Central Florida. Entries With A More Concentrated Focus Examine Major Cities, Such As Atlanta, New Orleans, And Memphis; The Influence Of Black And White Southern Migrants On Northern Cities; And Individual Subregions, Such As The Piedmont, Piney Woods, Tidewater, And Delta. Putting Together The Disparate Pieces That Make Up The Place Called The South, This Volume Sets The Scene For The Discussions In All The Other Volumes Of The New Encyclopedia Of Southern Culture. Volume 3: History. This Volume Broadly Surveys History In The American South From The Paleoindian Period (approximately 8000 B.c.e.) To The Present. In 118 Essays, Contributors Cover The Turbulent Past Of The Region That Has Witnessed Frequent Racial Conflict, A Bloody Civil War Fought And Lost On Its Soil, Massive In- And Out-migration, Major Economic Transformations, And A Civil Rights Movement That Brought Fundamental Change To The Social Order. Volume 4: Myth, Manners, And Memory. This Volume Addresses The Cultural, Social, And Intellectual Terrain Of Myth, Manners, And Historical Memory In The American South. Evaluating How A Distinct Southern Identity Has Been Created, Recreated, And Performed Through Memories That Blur The Line Between Fact And Fiction, This Volume Paints A Broad, Multihued Picture Of The Region Seen Through The Lenses Of Belief And Cultural Practice. V. 1. Religion, Vol. Ed. Samuel S. Hill -- V. 2. Geography, Vol. Ed. Richard Pillsbury -- V. 3. History, Vol. Ed. Charles Reagan Wilson -- V. 4. Myth, Manners, And Memory, Vol. Ed. Charles Reagan Wilson -- V. 5 Language, Vol. Ed. Michael Montgomery & Ellen Johnson -- V. 6 Ethnicity. Vol. Ed. Celeste Ray -- V. 7. Foodways, Vol. Ed. John T. Edge -- V. 8. Environment, Vol. Ed. Martin Melosi -- V. 9. Literature, Vol. Ed. M. Thomas Inge -- V. 10. Law & Politics, Vol. Ed. James W. Ely Jr. & Bradley G. Bond -- V. 11. Agriculture & Industry, Vol. Ed. Melissa Walker & James C. Cobb -- V. 12. Music, Vol. Ed. Bill Malone -- V. 13. Gender, Vol. Ed. Nancy Bercaw & Ted Ownby -- V. 14. Folklife, Vol. Ed. Glenn Hinson & William Ferris -- V. 15. Urbanization, Vol. Ed. Wanda Rushing -- V. 16. Sports & Recreation, , Vol. Ed. Harvey H. Jackson Iii -- V. 17. Education, Vol. Ed Clarence L. Mohr -- V. 18. Media, Vol. Ed Allison Graham & Sharon Montheith -- V. 19. Violence, Vol. Ed Amy Louise Wood -- V. 20. Social Class, Vol. Ed Larry J. Griffin & Peggy G. Hargis -- V. 21. Art And Architecture, Vol. Ed Judith H. Bonner & Estill Curtis Pennington -- V. 22. Science And Medicine, Vol. Ed James G. Thomas, Jr. & Charles Reagan Wilson -- V. 23. Folk Art, Vol. Ed Carol Crown & Cheryl Rivers -- V. 24. Race, Vol. Ed Thomas C. Holt & Laurie B. Green. Charles Reagan Wilson, General Editor ; James G. Thomas Jr., Managing Editor ; Ann J. Abadie, Associate Editor. Rev. Ed. Of: Encyclopedia Of Southern Culture. 1991. Sponsored By The Center For The Study Of Southern Culture At The University Of Mississippi. Includes Bibliographical References And Indexes. Content: Southern media cultures -- Broadcast news, voices, and accents -- Comic strips -- Film, censorship of -- Film, civil rights in -- Film, Civil War in -- Film, comedy -- Film, documentary -- Film, ethnicity in -- Film, exploitation -- Film, good ole boy -- Film, horror -- Film, independent -- Film, lynching -- Film, musical -- Film, music (southern) in -- Film, plantation in -- Film, politics in -- Film, prison -- Film, race in (1890s-1930s) -- Film, religion in -- Film, silent -- Film exhibition -- Film industry -- Internet representations of the south -- Journalism (print) and civil rights (1954-1968) -- Journalism (print) and labor -- Journalists, new south -- Magazines -- Newspapers -- Newspapers, Spanish-language -- Photojournalism -- Radio, Spanish-language -- Radio industry, early -- Radio industry, modern -- Segregationists' use of media -- Television, civil rights and -- Television movies -- Television series (1940s-1980s) -- Television series (1980 to present). James Agee -- All the king's men -- Robert Altman -- Appalshop -- Jim and Tammy Faye Bakker -- Tallulah Bankhead -- Red Barber -- The Beatles and Jesus controversy -- The Beverly hillbillies -- Lloyd Binford -- The birth of a nation -- Margaret Bourke-White -- Craig Brewer -- Anita Bryant -- Cable News Network (CNN) -- Erskine Caldwell and film -- Truman Capote -- Asa Carter -- Hodding Carter -- James Carville -- Cherokee phoenix -- Chick flicks -- Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN) -- The Civil War (Ken Burns's) -- Ethan and Joel Coen -- Stephen Colbert -- Pat Conroy, film adaptations -- Country Music Television (CMT) -- Cox Enterprises -- Michael Curtiz -- Bette Davis -- Ossie Davis -- The defiant ones -- Deliverance -- Designing women -- Dixie Chicks Controversy -- Driving Miss Daisy -- The Dukes of Hazzard -- Eyes on the prize -- Jerry Falwell -- William Faulkner and film -- Stepin Fetchit -- Horton Foote -- Tennessee Ernie Ford -- Morgan Freeman -- Ava Gardner -- "Brother Dave" Gardner -- Harry Golden -- Gone with the wind -- Billy Graham -- Grand Ole Opry -- Great speckled bird -- Andy Griffith -- John Grisham, film adaptations of -- Joel Chandler Harris -- Hee Haw -- William Bradford Huie -- Charlayne Hunter-Gault -- I am a fugitive from a chain gang -- Inherit the wind -- In the heat of the night -- The intruder -- Molly Ivins -- Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings -- Jezebel -- James Earl Jones -- Elia Kazan -- Stetson Kennedy -- James J. Kilpatrick -- Martin Luther King, Jr., media representation of -- Spike Lee -- Vivian Leigh -- Living blues -- Mandingo -- Doug Marlette -- Carson McCullers and film -- Ross McElwee -- Ralph McGill -- Butterfly McQueen -- Mississippi burning -- Jerry Mitchell, Jr. -- Sputnik Monroe -- Willie Morris -- Bill Moyers -- Nashville -- The Nashville Network (TNN or Spike) -- New Orleans Times-Picayune -- Norman Film Studios -- Nothing but a man -- Victor Nuñez -- Flannery O'Connor in film and television -- Oxford American -- Dolly Parton -- Minnie Pearl -- Tyler Perry -- Pinky -- Elvis Presley -- Elvis Presley, dead on film -- Radio free Dixie -- The real McCoys -- Jean Renoir -- Burt Reynolds -- Martin Ritt -- Pat Robertson -- Roots -- Charlie Rose -- John Sayles -- Dinah Shore -- Show boat -- Song of the south -- Southern cultures -- Southern exposure -- Southern living -- Sissy Spacek -- A streetcar named Desire -- Jimmy Swaggart -- Telemundo -- Billy Bob Thornton -- A time to kill -- To kill a mockingbird -- Ted Turner -- King Vidor -- The Waltons -- Way down south -- WDIA -- Ida B. Wells-Barnett -- WHER -- Tennessee Williams and film -- Oproah Winfrey -- WLAC -- Joanne Woodward -- WSM -- P.B. Young.