The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Volume 15: Urbanization (The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture, 15)

This volume of The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture offers a current and authoritative reference to urbanization in the American South from the eighteenth century to the twenty-first, surveying important southern cities individually and examining the various issues that shape patterns of urbanization from a broad regional perspective. Looking beyond the post-World War II era and the emergence of the Sunbelt economy to examine recent and contemporary developments, the 48 thematic essays consider the ongoing remarkable growth of southern urban centers, new immigration patterns (such as the influx of Latinos and the return-migration of many African Americans), booming regional entrepreneurial activities with global reach (such as the rise of the southern banking industry and companies such as CNN in Atlanta and FedEx in Memphis), and mounting challenges that result from these patterns (including population pressure and urban sprawl, aging and deteriorating infrastructure, gentrification, and state and local budget shortfalls). The 31 topical entries focus on individual cities and urban cultural elements, including Mardi Gras, Dollywood, and the 1996 Atlanta Olympics. Volume 1: Religion. In This Volume Of The New Encyclopedia Of Southern Culture, Contributors Have Revised Entries From The Original Encyclopedia On Topics Ranging From Religious Broadcasting To Snake Handling And Added New Entries On Such Topics As Asian Religions, Latino Religion, New Age Religion, Islam, Native American Religion, And Social Activism. With The Contributions Of More Than 60 Authorities In The Field--including Paul Harvey, Loyal Jones, Wayne Flynt, And Samuel F. Weber--this Volume Is An Accessibly Written, Up-to-date Reference To Religious Culture In The American South. Volume 2: Geography. This Volume Addresses General Topics Of Cultural Geographic Interest, Such As Appalachia, Exiles And Expatriates, Latino And Jewish Populations, Migration Patterns, And The Profound Disneyfication Of Central Florida. Entries With A More Concentrated Focus Examine Major Cities, Such As Atlanta, New Orleans, And Memphis; The Influence Of Black And White Southern Migrants On Northern Cities; And Individual Subregions, Such As The Piedmont, Piney Woods, Tidewater, And Delta. Putting Together The Disparate Pieces That Make Up The Place Called The South, This Volume Sets The Scene For The Discussions In All The Other Volumes Of The New Encyclopedia Of Southern Culture. Volume 3: History. This Volume Broadly Surveys History In The American South From The Paleoindian Period (approximately 8000 B.c.e.) To The Present. In 118 Essays, Contributors Cover The Turbulent Past Of The Region That Has Witnessed Frequent Racial Conflict, A Bloody Civil War Fought And Lost On Its Soil, Massive In- And Out-migration, Major Economic Transformations, And A Civil Rights Movement That Brought Fundamental Change To The Social Order. Volume 4: Myth, Manners, And Memory. This Volume Addresses The Cultural, Social, And Intellectual Terrain Of Myth, Manners, And Historical Memory In The American South. Evaluating How A Distinct Southern Identity Has Been Created, Recreated, And Performed Through Memories That Blur The Line Between Fact And Fiction, This Volume Paints A Broad, Multihued Picture Of The Region Seen Through The Lenses Of Belief And Cultural Practice. V. 1. Religion, Vol. Ed. Samuel S. Hill -- V. 2. Geography, Vol. Ed. Richard Pillsbury -- V. 3. History, Vol. Ed. Charles Reagan Wilson -- V. 4. Myth, Manners, And Memory, Vol. Ed. Charles Reagan Wilson -- V. 5 Language, Vol. Ed. Michael Montgomery & Ellen Johnson -- V. 6 Ethnicity. Vol. Ed. Celeste Ray -- V. 7. Foodways, Vol. Ed. John T. Edge -- V. 8. Environment, Vol. Ed. Martin Melosi -- V. 9. Literature, Vol. Ed. M. Thomas Inge -- V. 10. Law & Politics, Vol. Ed. James W. Ely Jr. & Bradley G. Bond -- V. 11. Agriculture & Industry, Vol. Ed. Melissa Walker & James C. Cobb -- V. 12. Music, Vol. Ed. Bill Malone -- V. 13. Gender, Vol. Ed. Nancy Bercaw & Ted Ownby -- V. 14. Folklife, Vol. Ed. Glenn Hinson & William Ferris -- V. 15. Urbanization, Vol. Ed. Wanda Rushing -- V. 16. Sports & Recreation, , Vol. Ed. Harvey H. Jackson Iii -- V. 17. Education, Vol. Ed Clarence L. Mohr -- V. 18. Media, Vol. Ed Allison Graham & Sharon Montheith -- V. 19. Violence, Vol. Ed Amy Louise Wood -- V. 20. Social Class, Vol. Ed Larry J. Griffin & Peggy G. Hargis -- V. 21. Art And Architecture, Vol. Ed Judith H. Bonner & Estill Curtis Pennington -- V. 22. Science And Medicine, Vol. Ed James G. Thomas, Jr. & Charles Reagan Wilson -- V. 23. Folk Art, Vol. Ed Carol Crown & Cheryl Rivers -- V. 24. Race, Vol. Ed Thomas C. Holt & Laurie B. Green. Charles Reagan Wilson, General Editor ; James G. Thomas Jr., Managing Editor ; Ann J. Abadie, Associate Editor. Rev. Ed. Of: Encyclopedia Of Southern Culture. 1991. Sponsored By The Center For The Study Of Southern Culture At The University Of Mississippi. Includes Bibliographical References And Indexes. MuPDF error: syntax error: invalid key in dict MuPDF error: syntax error: invalid key in dict MuPDF error: syntax error: invalid key in dict MuPDF error: syntax error: invalid key in dict MuPDF error: syntax error: invalid key in dict MuPDF error: syntax error: invalid key in dict MuPDF error: syntax error: invalid key in dict MuPDF error: syntax error: invalid key in dict MuPDF error: syntax error: invalid key in dict Contents 10 General Introduction 12 Introduction 18 GROWTH AND DIVERSITY IN THE URBAN SOUTH 22 Banking 38 Black Middle Class 42 Boosterism 44 Central Florida, Disneyfication of 49 City Planning 52 Commercial Civic Elite 55 Crime and Delinquency 59 Crunk and Hip-Hop Culture 62 Deindustrialization 65 Education 68 Environmental Justice 71 Expressways and Central Cities 74 Farmers Markets 80 Gangs 82 Gentrification 87 Globalization 91 Growth 97 Health Conditions 101 Historic Preservation 105 Homelessness 110 Immigration 113 Leadership 117 Maternal and Child Health 121 Medical Centers 126 Megachurches 128 New Orleans and Hurricane Katrina 132 New Urbanism 141 Politics 145 Population Change and Demographics 149 Poverty, Child 153 Poverty, Concentration of 156 Redevelopment 159 Segregation, Desegregation, Resegregation 164 Segregation, Residential 169 Sports Stadia and Arenas 172 Suburbanization 176 Sunbelt Cities 180 Transportation, Mass Transit 184 Underclass 186 Waterfront Development 190 White Flight 194 Atlanta, Georgia 198 Atlanta Olympics, 1996 200 Austin, Texas 202 Birmingham, Alabama 205 Busch Gardens, Tampa, Florida 207 Charleston, South Carolina 209 Charlotte, North Carolina 212 Chattanooga, Tennessee 214 Church of God in Christ and Annual Convocation 216 CNN (Cable News Network) 218 Colonial Williamsburg, Virginia 220 Dallas, Texas 221 Dollywood 224 Houston, Texas 226 Little Rock, Arkansas 228 Little Rock Nine 230 Louisville, Kentucky 232 Mardi Gras 234 Memphis, Tennessee 236 Miami, Florida 238 Mobile, Alabama 241 Montgomery, Alabama 242 Nashville, Tennessee 245 Natchez, Mississippi 247 New Orleans, Louisiana 249 Orlando, Florida 252 Piedmont Urban Crescent 254 Richmond, Virginia 256 St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital 259 Savannah, Georgia 261 Spartanburg, South Carolina 263 Tampa, Florida 264 Index of Contributors 268 A 268 B 268 C 268 D 268 F 268 G 268 H 268 I 268 J 268 K 268 L 268 M 268 N 268 O 268 P 268 R 268 S 269 T 269 U 269 V 269 W 269 Index 270 A 270 B 271 C 272 D 273 E 274 F 274 G 275 H 275 I 276 J 276 K 276 L 277 M 277 N 278 O 279 P 279 Q 280 R 280 S 280 T 282 U 282 V 283 W 283 Y 283 Z 283

This volume of The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture offers a current and authoritative reference to urbanization in the American South from the eighteenth century to the twenty-first, surveying important southern cities individually and examining the various issues that shape patterns of urbanization from a broad regional perspective.

Looking beyond the post-World War II era and the emergence of the Sunbelt economy to examine recent and contemporary developments, the 48 thematic essays consider the ongoing remarkable growth of southern urban centers, new immigration patterns (such as the influx of Latinos and the return-migration of many African Americans), booming regional entrepreneurial activities with global reach (such as the rise of the southern banking industry and companies such as CNN in Atlanta and FedEx in Memphis), and mounting challenges that result from these patterns (including population pressure and urban sprawl, aging and deteriorating infrastructure, gentrification, and state and local budget shortfalls). The 31 topical entries focus on individual cities and urban cultural elements, including Mardi Gras, Dollywood, and the 1996 Atlanta Olympics.