عصب‌شناسی تصمیم‌گیری‌های پرخطر (سری برونفنبرنر APA در بوم‌شناسی توسعه انسانی)

Whether the decision is to have unprotected sex, consent to surgery, have an extra piece of pie, or spend rather than save for retirement, risky decisions permeate our lives, and sometimes with disastrous consequences. How and why risk taking occurs has important implications. Yet many questions remain about how neurobiological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors influence decision-making. This book advances basic understanding and scientific theory about the brain mechanisms underlying risky decision by integrating findings from a number of disciplines, including development and cognitive psychology, brain sciences, law, behavioral economic, and addiction. The result is a rich scientific framework for understanding the causal mechanisms of risky decision making across the lifespan. Book jacket. "The topic of risky decision making is important for both personal decisions and for measurement and control in complex social institutions. (Think of pricing the mysterious "systemic risk" hidden in our highly interlocked financial systems, or avoiding pandemics.) Risky decision making is studied by researchers in a wide variety of disciplines. This book represents a current snapshot of what is known and a rough guide for future research on how to make sense of the complexity of risk. The editors' recipe: Create as much coherence across evidence from different disciplines as possible, and measure as much about underlying neural mechanisms as you can; then get top researchers working on their respective frontiers to say what they know in general language that makes shared understanding easy. A striking feature of this volume is how risk taking can be construed as fundamentally different, according to discipline. For traditional economists, risk is simply variance of outcomes, with no regard to their sign. Psychologists have shown the additional importance of loss, compared with gain--losses are often valued about 1.5 to 2 times as much as equivalent gains (unless you have amygdala damage, in which case traditional economics applies to you; DeMartino et al., 2010)"--Foreword. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved) Contents Contributors Foreword Preface Introduction to the Neuroscience of Risky Decision Making Part I Neuroeconomics Chapter 1 Reward, Representation, and Impulsivity: A Theoretical Framework for the Neuroscience of Risky Decision Making Chapter 2 Behavioral and Neuroscience Methods for Studying Neuroeconomic Processes: What We Can Learn From Framing Effects Part II Neurodevelopment Chapter 3 Risks, Rewards, and the Developing Brain in Childhood and Adolescence Chapter 4 the Adolescent Sensation-Seeking Period: Development of Reward Processing and Its Effects on Cognitive Control Chapter 5 Reward Processing and Risky Decision Making in the Aging Brain Part III Neuropsychology Chapter 6 Mind and Brain in Delay of Gratification Chapter 7 The Neuroscience of Dual (and Triple) Systems in Decision Making Index About the Editors Whether the decision is to have unprotected sex, consent to surgery, spend rather than save for retirement, or have an extra piece of pie, risky decisions permeate our lives, sometimes with disastrous consequences. How and why risk taking occurs has important implications, yet many questions remain about how various factors influence decision-making. This book advances basic understanding and scientific theory about the brain mechanisms underlying risky decision making, paving the way for translation of science into practice and policy. This compelling research topic crosses a number of disciplines, including developmental and cognitive psychology, brain sciences, law, behavioral economics, and addiction. This volume is the third in the Bronfenbrenner Series on the Ecology of Human Development. Whether the decision is to have unprotected sex, consent to surgery, spend rather than save for retirement, or have an extra piece of pie, risky decisions permeate our lives, sometimes with disastrous consequences. How and why risk taking occurs has important implications, yet many questions remain about how various factors influence decision-making. The factors that influence risky decision making have been studied from different perspectives, particularly neuroscience, psychology, and behavioral economics. This pioneering book brings together leading scholars from all of these disciplines to encourage the development of a model of risky decision making that incorporates all relevant research. Advances basic understanding and scientific theory about the brain mechanisms underlying risky decision making, paving the way for translation of science into practice and policy. This compelling research topic crosses a number of disciplines, including developmental and cognitive psychology, brain sciences, law, behavioural economics, and addiction.