The neurobiology of disease : contributions from neuroscience to clinical neurology

Demonstrating the value of interactions between neurology and the basic sciences that underpin it, this volume considers a range of topics from the points of view of both neurobiologist and clinician and reveals how advances in our understanding have been and continue to be made. The coverage boasts an excellent section on the physiology and pathophysiology of central and peripheral nerve fibers and an in-depth view of motor control including the often ignored but vital respiratory movements. Also notable are the chapters on neuronal plasticity, and cell death and axonal regeneration: active areas in neuroscience, where new knowledge will almost certainly revolutionize neurological treatments in years to come. Dedication......Page 8 Contents......Page 10 Contributors......Page 13 Preface......Page 18 Part I: Physiology and pathophysiology of nerve fibres......Page 22 Ion channels in normal and pathophysiological mammalian peripheral myelinated nerve......Page 24 Molecular anatomy of the node of Ranvier: newer concepts......Page 34 Delayed rectifier type potassium currents in rabbit and rat axons and rabbit Schwann cells......Page 50 Axonal signals for potassium channel expression in Schwann cells......Page 58 Ion channels in human axons......Page 68 An in vitro model of diabetic neuropathy: electrophysiological studies......Page 82 Autoimmunity at the neuromuscular junction......Page 90 Immunopathology and pathophysiology of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis......Page 96 Pathophysiology of human demyelinating neuropathies......Page 107 Conduction properties of central demyelinated axons: the generation of symptoms in demyelinating disease......Page 116 Mechanisms of relapse and remission in multiple sclerosis......Page 139 Glial transplantation in the treatment of myelin loss or deficiency......Page 145 Part II: Pain......Page 170 Human nociceptors in health and disease......Page 172 Sensory consequences of inflammation......Page 183 Non-voluntary muscle activity and myofascial pain syndromes......Page 190 Is there a mechanism for the spinal cord to remember pain?......Page 198 The neurophysiological basis of pain relief by acupuncture......Page 210 Part III: Control of central nervous system output......Page 220 Synaptic transduction in neocortical neurones......Page 222 Cortical circuits, synchronization and seizures......Page 231 Physiologically induced changes of brain temperature and their effect on extracellular field potentials......Page 242 Fusimotor control of the respiratory muscles......Page 252 Cerebral accompaniments and functional significance of the long-latency stretch reflexes in human forearm muscles......Page 262 The cerebellum and proprioceptive control of movement......Page 268 Roles of the lateral nodulus and uvula of the cerebellum in cardiovascular control......Page 278 Central actions of curare and gallamine: implications for reticular reflex myoclonus?......Page 287 Pathophysiology of upper motoneurone disorders......Page 297 Modulation of hypoglossal motoneurones by thyrotropin-releasing hormone and serotonin......Page 304 Serotonin and central respiratory disorders in the newborn......Page 313 Are medullary respiratory neurones multipurpose neurones?......Page 320 Reflex control of expiratory motor output in dogs......Page 330 Abnormal thoraco-abdominal movements in patients with chronic lung disease......Page 339 Respiratory rhythms and apnoeas in the newborn......Page 348 Cardiorespiratory interactions during apnoea......Page 358 Impairment of respiratory control in neurological disease......Page 369 The respiratory muscles in neurological disease......Page 379 Part IV: Development, survival, regeneration and death......Page 392 Axonal growth and plasticity in the adult nervous system......Page 394 Target dependence of motoneurones......Page 400 Rescue of neurones cross-regenerated into foreign targets......Page 416 Development and repair of neonatal mammalian spinal cord in culture......Page 426 Selective neuronal vulnerability in motor neurone diseases with reference to sparing of Onuf's nucleus......Page 432 Excitotoxicity in motor neurone diseases......Page 448 Index......Page 457 This 1996 volume demonstrates the value of interactions between neurology and the basic sciences that underpin it. The text considers a range of topics from the points of view of both neurobiologist and clinician and reveals how advances in our understanding are made. The selected topics cover a wide range of levels of organization in the nervous system. For each one, distinguished researchers from around the world make contributions, including general reviews of normal and pathological mechanisms as well as detailed accounts of the basic processes involved. The book's coverage boasts an excellent section on the physiology and pathophysiology of central and peripheral nerve fibres. Also of particular note are the chapters on neuronal plasticity, cell death and axonal regeneration. The book is dedicated to Tom Sears, who at the time of its original publication was retiring as Professor at London's Institute of Neurology (Queen Square) Demonstrating the value of interaction between neurology and the basic sciences that underpin it, this volume considers a range of topics from the points of view of both neurobiologist and clinician and reveals how advances in our understanding have been and continue to be made. The selected topics cover a wide range of levels of organization in the nervous system. Ion channels and their roles in nerve are becoming more widely studied as new techniques are developed, the number of identified channel types increases, and evidence for the involvement of channels in disease processes accumulates.