The neurobiologic mechanisms in manipulative therapy : [proceedings of a workshop held at the Kellogg Center for Continuing Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, October 23-26, 1977

At the request of a Subcommittee of the United States Senate, in February, 1975, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (now the National Institute of Neurological and Communi­ cative Disorders and Stroke) conducted a Workshop on the Research Status of Spinal Manipulative Therapy. The Workshop was held in response to the Senate Subcommittee's request for an "independent unbiased study of the fundamentals of the chiropractic profession. " Since spinal manipulative therapy is a key tenet of chiropractic, the Institute felt a research workshop focused on that issue would provide a useful base upon which to examine the broad concept of the role of biomechanical alterations of the spine in health and disease. This would include the pathophysiologic and clinical hypotheses formulated by medical and osteopathic physicians as w~ll as chiropractors. Why the relatively sudden interest of the Senate Subcommittee in chiropractic? There were probably many reasons for that interest, but suffice to say anticipation of discussion on the role of chiro­ practic in any national system of health insurance could in itself have provided adequate stimulus for the request. In any case, the NINCDS was asked to review what was and what was not known about the fundamentals of chiropractic. I stress "fundamentals" since as a research organization, the NINCDS is not charged with review­ ing matters such as clinical education, licensure or clinical prac­ tice. A small expert committee of scientific consultants helped the Institute design the format and agenda for the Workshop. Front Matter....Pages i-xxi Front Matter....Pages 1-1 The Contribution of Clinical Observation to Neurobiological Mechanisms in Manipulative Therapy....Pages 3-25 Muscles, Central Nervous Motor Regulation and Back Problems....Pages 27-41 Manipulative Therapy in Relation to Total Health Care....Pages 43-52 The Clinical Basis for Discussion of Mechanisms of Manipulative Therapy....Pages 53-75 Back Matter....Pages 77-89 Somatic Sources of Afferent Input as Factors in Aberrant Autonomic, Sensory and Motor Function....Pages 91-127 Discussion....Pages 129-135 Traumatized Nerves, Roots and Ganglia: Musculoskeletal Factors and Neuropathological Consequences....Pages 137-166 Discussion of Excitation and Conduction in Traumatized Nerves....Pages 167-177 Somatoautonomic Reflexology — Normal and Abnormal....Pages 179-217 Autonomic System Reactions Caused by Excitation of Somatic Afferents: Study of Cutaneo-Intestinal Reflex....Pages 219-227 Sustained Sympathicotonia as a Factor in Disease....Pages 229-268 Back Matter....Pages 269-288 Front Matter....Pages 289-289 Axonal Transport: The Mechanisms and Their Susceptibility to Derangement; Anterograde Transport....Pages 291-309 Transfer of Information from Effector Organs to Innervating Neurons by Retrograde Axonal Transport of Macromolecules....Pages 311-331 Discussion and Short Reports on Axonal Transport....Pages 333-336 Impairment of Intraneural Microcirculation, Blood-Nerve Barrier and Axonal Transport in Experimental Nerve Ischemia and Compression....Pages 337-355 Discussion....Pages 357-358 Calcium and the Mechanism of Axoplasmic Transport....Pages 359-367 Discussion....Pages 369-373 Trophic Changes in Afflictions of the Motor Unit....Pages 375-391 Wing Flapping and Other Moving Topics: A Developmental Perspective....Pages 393-409 Back Matter....Pages 411-427 Clinical Observations and Emerging Questions....Pages 429-440 Impulse-Based Mechanisms....Pages 440-454 Nonimpulse-Based Mechanisms....Pages 454-459 Chairman’s Concluding Statement....Pages 460-461 Back Matter....Pages 463-466 At the request of a Subcommittee of the United States Senate, in February, 1975, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (now the National Institute of Neurological and Communi cative Disorders and Stroke) conducted a Workshop on the Research Status of Spinal Manipulative Therapy. The Workshop was held in response to the Senate Subcommittee's request for an "independent unbiased study of the fundamentals of the chiropractic profession." Since spinal manipulative therapy is a key tenet of chiropractic, the Institute felt a research workshop focused on that issue would provide a useful base upon which to examine the broad concept of the role of biomechanical alterations of the spine in health and disease. This would include the pathophysiologic and clinical hypotheses formulated by medical and osteopathic physicians as well as chiropractors. Why the relatively sudden interest of the Senate Subcommittee in chiropractic? There were probably many reasons for that interest, but suffice to say anticipation of discussion on the role of chiropractic in any national system of health insurance could in itself have provided adequate stimulus for the request. In any case, the NINCDS was asked to review what was and what was not known about the fundamentals of chiropractic. I stress "fundamentals" since as a research organization, the NINCDS is not charged with reviewing matters such as clinical education, licensure or clinical practice. A small expert committee of scientific consultants helped the Institute design the format and agenda for the Workshop