The Muslim Brotherhood and state repression in Egypt : a history of secrecy and militancy in an Islamist organization

Since the Second World War, the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt faced periods of extensive state repression, between 1948-1951 and 1954-1970 and again after 2013. These mihan or “ordeals”, as members call them, were characterised by a shift from overt political activity to clandestine organising, and despite their importance have remained little studied. This book uses extensive archival research to uncover what took place when the organisation was forced unground and how and why it survived. It combines social theory with a vast array of primary source material such as autobiographical accounts produced by members, Egyptian court documents accounts by members of the Egyptian military or intelligence officers, and reports by British and American diplomats and intelligence officers. The result is a new bottom-up perspective on the Brotherhood's structure that goes beyond the role of leaders such as Sayyid Qutb to reveal it as both an overt political organisation and a secretive one able to withstand extended and harsh periods of persecution. "This open access book pays homage to Reza Banakar, who passed away in August 2020, exploring the many different areas of socio-legal research that he worked on and influenced. It begins with a summary of his career and explains how he sparked a debate on the identity and aims of legal sociology. The book is then split into 5 sections: - Theory, including chapters on normativity and the stepchild controversy; - Methods and interdisciplinarity, illustrating how Banakar encouraged socio-legal scholars to push the boundaries of existing socio-legal knowledge through interdisciplinary imagination and methodological flexibility; - Legal culture, with particular focus on Iran - 2 areas of special interest for Banakar; - Law and science, covering topics such as human rights, the right to life, and the COVID-19 pandemic; and - Applied sociology of law, inspired by Banakar's engagement with empirical research and case studies. As well as honouring Reza Banakar's memory and unique thinking, the book aims to advance the sociology of law by demonstrating the interconnectedness of the legal and the social from a broad range of perspectives. The eBook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on www.bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by Lund University Libraries"-- Provided by publisher Cover -1 Contents -1 Acknowledgements -1 Introduction -1 1 Building Structures of Secrecy: The Brotherhood in Pre-revolutionary Egypt -1 2 Forced Underground: The First Miḥna, 1948–51 -1 3 A New Era: Hasan al-Hudaybi and the Muslim Brotherhood -1 4 The Route toward Conflict: The Brotherhood and the Officers’ Revolution -1 5 The Muslim Brotherhood Going Underground: Continuation under Suppression -1 6 Reorganization and the Role of Sayyid Qutb (1957–70) -1 Conclusions -1 Notes -1 Bibliography -1 Index -1