راز چندفرهنگی: استدلال لیبرال علیه تنوع

Most literature on multiculturalism assumes, without argument or compelling empirical evidence, that immigrants and members of ethnic minorities prefer to identify with their ancestral cultures. According to the received view, multiculturalism benefits ethnic minorities, who want to maintain distinct cultures and keep to themselves. And it protects them from the pressure to assimilate to the majority culture. Philosopher H. E. Baber scrutinizes these assumptions in this critique of the notion of multiculturalism. Baber asks whether it could be that many, or even most, members of ethnic minorities want to shed their ethnic identities and assimilate to the dominant culture. She suggests that multiculturalism imposes ethnic scripts on minorities and thus locks them out of the opportunity to assimilate. In effect, it becomes a form of ethnic stereotyping and discrimination. Multiculturalism, when transformed into an ideology as it often is, benefits cultural preservationists at the expense of members of ethnic minorities who wish to assimilate—arguably the majority. Perversely, it then labels those who would resist such stereotyping as atypical, inauthentic, or even self-hating. Baber argues that liberals, or anyone who favors the expansion of individual liberty, should reject a multiculturalism that restricts personal freedom by classifying and identifying people on the basis of unchosen characteristics such as ancestry and appearance. Like all Americans, ethnic minorities should be encouraged to "invent themselves," to affiliate with groups of their own choosing and be identified as they wish. "H. E. Baber argues that in salad bowl societies, where diverse cultural identities are taken seriously, diversity undermines social solidarity, and breeds corruption and, when times are tough, violence. She contends that in the United States and in European countries experiencing mass immigration, multiculturalism is hardest on members of ethnic minorities - its supposed beneficiaries." "Multiculturalism, she argues, restricts individual freedom by locking members of minority groups into ethnically defined "communities" and pressing them to maintain their prescribed cultural identities. She urges us to reject multiculturalism and to support policies that free immigrants and members of ethnic minorities to join the cultural mainstream, including the strict enforcement of antidiscrimination regulations, affirmative action, and other programs that facilitate assimilation."--BOOK JACKET 260 p. ; 24 cm Includes bibliographical references and index Introduction: is multiculturism good for anyone? -- Do people like their cultures? -- A philosophical prelude: what is multiculturalism? -- The costs of multiculturalism -- The diversity trap: why everybody wants to be an X -- White privilege and the asymmetry of choice -- Communities: respecting the establishment of religion -- Multiculturalism and the good life -- The cult of cultural self-affirmation -- Identity-making -- Identity politics: the making of a mystique -- Policy