The Motivational Impact of Nicotine and its Role in Tobacco Use (Nebraska Symposium on Motivation Book 55)

Tobacco kills more people worldwide than any legal or illegal drug; the collective benefits of quitting smoking are plentiful, from improved health, increased life expectancy, and fewer sick days to less stress on families and health care providers. Tobacco use and addiction depend on the complex interplay of neurochemical, genetic, personal, and social factors—and nicotine, as the principal psychoactive ingredient in tobacco smoke, stands at the center of this equation. **The Motivational Impact of Nicotine and Its Role in Tobacco Use** assembles papers from the 55^th^ Nebraska Symposium on Motivation in a multidimensional analysis of nicotine at work. These papers present data, theories, and findings useful in understanding not only the mechanisms behind tobacco dependence and resistance to quitting, but also the issues involved in smoking cessation, initial use prevention, and relapse prevention. Some of the key areas covered include: * Molecular and neurobiological perspectives on the motivational effects of nicotine. * The motivational components of nicotine dependence and the import of learning history. * The role of nicotine in making environmental cues associated with smoking more reinforcing. * The effects of pharmaco- and immunotherapies on the ability of psychological cues to influence smoking behavior. * Sex differences in nicotine reinforcement and their implications for treatment. * The importance of craving in the maintenance of smoking behavior and in its relapse after quitting. Given the continued impact of smoking on public health, __The Motivational Impact of Nicotine and Its Role in Tobacco Use__ will attract a wide audience. This cutting-edge information is vital to the clinical psychologist, researcher, and policymaker involved in developing more efficient therapies, more effective treatment products, better delivery systems, or new avenues for research. **About the Nebraska Symposium on Motivation**The Nebraska Symposium on Motivation has been sponsored by the Department of Psychology at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln since 1953. Each year the Symposium invites leading scholars from around the world to speak at a conference devoted to a topic of current interest to psychology, the proceedings of which are published in an edited volume. Tobacco kills more people worldwide than any legal or illegal drug; the collective benefits of quitting smoking are plentiful, from improved health, increased life expectancy, and fewer sick days to less stress on families and health care providers. Tobacco use and addiction depend on the complex interplay of neurochemical, genetic, personal, and social factors—and nicotine, as the principal psychoactive ingredient in tobacco smoke, stands at the center of this equation. The Motivational Impact of Nicotine and Its Role in Tobacco Use assembles papers from the 55 th Nebraska Symposium on Motivation in a multidimensional analysis of nicotine at work. These papers present data, theories, and findings useful in understanding not only the mechanisms behind tobacco dependence and resistance to quitting, but also the issues involved in smoking cessation, initial use prevention, and relapse prevention. Some of the key areas covered include: Molecular and neurobiological perspectives on the motivational effects of nicotine. The motivational components of nicotine dependence and the import of learning history. The role of nicotine in making environmental cues associated with smoking more reinforcing. The effects of pharmaco- and immunotherapies on the ability of psychological cues to influence smoking behavior. Sex differences in nicotine reinforcement and their implications for treatment. The importance of craving in the maintenance of smoking behavior and in its relapse after quitting. Given the continued impact of smoking on public health, The Motivational Impact of Nicotine and Its Role in Tobacco Use will attract a wide audience. This cutting-edge information is vital to the clinical psychologist, researcher, and policymaker involved in developing more efficient therapies, more effective treatment products, better delivery systems, or new avenues for research. About the Nebraska Symposium on Motivation The Nebraska Symposium on Motivation has been sponsored by the Department of Psychology at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln since 1953. Each year the Symposium invites leading scholars from around the world to speak at a conference devoted to a topic of current interest to psychology, the proceedings of which are published in an edited volume. This Title Draws Upon Research On The Drug Widely Believed To Form The Basis Of Tobacco Use And Dependence, Nicotine. When Discussing Drug Addiction And Dependence, An Increasing Number Of Scientists Are Using The Concepts Of Motivation And Related Constructs And Their Applications In Modifying Behavior. Nicotine, Tobacco Use, And The 55th Nebraska Symposium On Motivation / Rick A. Bevins, Anthony R. Caggiula -- Synaptic Plasticity Within Midbrain Dopamine Centers Contributes To Nicotine Addiction / Andon N. Placzek, John A. Dani -- Molecular Mechanisms Underlying The Motivational Effects Of Nicotine / Darlene H. Brunzell, Marina R. Picciotto -- Targeting Reward-relevant Nicotinic Receptors In The Discovery Of Novel Pharmacotherapeutic Agents To Treat Tobacco Dependence / Linda P. Dwoskin...[et. Al.] -- Multiple Motivational Forces Contribute To Nicotine Dependence / Athina Markou, Neil E. Paterson -- The Role Of Nicotine In Smoking : A Dual-reinforcement Model / Anthony R. Caggiula...[et. Al.] -- Altering The Motivational Function Of Nicotine Through Conditioning Process / Rick A. Bevins -- New Findings On Nicotine Addiction And Treatment / Jed E. Rose -- Sex Differences In Nicotine Reinforcement And Reward : Influences On The Persistence Of Tobacco Smoking / Kenneth A. Perkins -- The Functional Significance Of Craving In Nicotine Dependence / Stephen T. Tiffany, Mathew W. Warthen, Katherine C. Goedeker -- The Motivational Impact Of Nicotine And Its Role In Tobacco Use : Final Comments And Priorities / Michael T. Bardo, Paul Schnur. Edited By Rick A. Bevins And Anthony R. Caggiula. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Front Matter....Pages i-xii Nicotine, Tobacco Use, and the 55th Nebraska Symposium on Motivation....Pages 1-3 Synaptic Plasticity Within Midbrain Dopamine Centers Contributes to Nicotine Addiction....Pages 5-15 Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Motivational Effects of Nicotine....Pages 17-30 Targeting Reward-Relevant Nicotinic Receptors in the Discovery of Novel Pharmacotherapeutic Agents to Treat Tobacco Dependence....Pages 31-63 Multiple Motivational Forces Contribute to Nicotine Dependence....Pages 65-89 The Role of Nicotine in Smoking: A Dual-Reinforcement Model....Pages 91-109 Altering the Motivational Function of Nicotine through Conditioning Processes....Pages 111-129 New Findings on Nicotine Addiction and Treatment....Pages 131-141 Sex Differences in Nicotine Reinforcement and Reward: Influences on the Persistence of Tobacco Smoking....Pages 143-169 The Functional Significance of Craving in Nicotine Dependence....Pages 171-197 The Motivational Impact of Nicotine and Its Role in Tobacco Use: Final Comments and Priorities....Pages 199-205 Back Matter....Pages 207-212 Synaptic plasticity within midbrain dopamine centers contributes to nicotine addiction / Andon N. Placzek and John A. Dani Molecular mechanisms underlying the motivational effects of nicotine / Darlene H. Brunzell and Marina R. Picciotto Targeting reward-relevant nicotinic receptors in the discovery of novel pharmacotherapeutic agents to treat tobacco dependence / Linda P. Dwoskin .... [et al.] Multiple motivational forces contribute to nicotine dependence / Athina Markou and Neil E. Paterson Role of nicotine in smoking: a dual-reinforcement model / Anthony R. Caggiula ... [et al.] Altering the motivational function of nicotine through conditioning processess / Rick A. Bevins New findings on nicotine addiction and treatment / Jed. E. Rose Sex differences in nicotine reinforcement and rewards: influences on the persistence of tobacco smoking / Kenneth A. Perkins Functional significance of craving in nicotine dependence / Stephen T. Tiffany, Mathew W. Warthen, and Katherine C. Goedeker More and more scientists are applying the concepts of motivation and related constructs to modify the behavior of drug-addicted and dependent people. Here, authors discuss effective ‘translational’ strategies for decreasing and preventing tobacco use.