The Monkeys of Stormy Mountain: 60 Years of Primatological Research on the Japanese Macaques of Arashiyama (Cambridge Studies in Biological and Evolutionary Anthropology, Series Number 61)

The Arashiyama Group Of Japanese Macaques Holds A Distinguished Place In Primatology As One Of The Longest Continuously Studied Non-human Primate Populations In The World. The Resulting Long-term Data Provide A Unique Resource For Researchers, Allowing Them To Move Beyond Cross-sectional Studies To Tackle Larger Issues Involving Individual, Matrilineal And Group Histories. This Book Presents An Overview Of The Scope And Magnitude Of Research Topics And Management Efforts That Have Been Conducted On This Population For Several Decades, Covering Not Only The Original Troop Living Around Kyoto, Japan, But Also The Two Subgroups That Were Translocated To Texas, Usa And Montreal, Canada. The Chapters Encompass Topics Including Life History, Sexual, Social And Cultural Behaviour And Ecology, Giving An Insight Into The Range Of Current Primatological Research. The Contributors Underscore The Historic Value Of The Arashiyama Macaques And Showcase New And Significant Research Findings That Highlight Their Continuing Importance To Primatology-- A Brief Historical Timeline Of Research On The Arashiyama Macaques / Michael A. Huffman, Linda M. Fedigan, Paul L. Vasey And Jean-baptiste Leca -- In Search Of The Phantom Monkeys (originally Published In 1975) / Eiji Ohta ; Translated By Michael A. Huffman -- Arashiyama Monkeys In The Late 1950s / Yukimaru Sugiyama -- Touches Of Humanity In Monkey Society (originally Published In 1980) / Naoki Koyama ; Translated By Michael A. Huffman -- Fifty Years Of Female Macaque Demography At Arashiyama, With Special Reference To Long-lived Females (>25 Years) / Alisa Chalmers, Michael A. Huffman, Naoki Koyama And Yukio Takahata -- Long-term Trends In The Mating Relationships Of Japanese Macaques At Arashiyama, Japan / Michael A. Huffman And Yukio Takahata -- Correlates Between Ovarian Cycle Phase And Mating Season Behaviour In Female Japanese Macaques (macaca Fuscata) / Ann O'neill --^ Factors Influencing Mating Frequency Of Male Japanese Macaques (macaca Fuscata) At Arashiyama West / Katharine M. Jack -- Costs And Benefits Of Old Age Reproduction In The Arashiyama West Female Japanese Macaques / Mary S.m. Pavelka And Linda M. Fedigan -- Is Female Homosexual Behaviour In Japanese Macaques Truly Sexual? / Paul L. Vasey And Doug P. Vanderlaan. Box Essay : Male Homosexual Behaviour In Arashiyama Macaques / Yuji Takenoshita -- A Theoretical Model Of The Development And Evolution Of Non-conceptive Mounting Behaviour In Japanese Macaques / Doug P. Vanderlaan, Sergio M. Pellis And Paul L. Vasey -- Male Masturbation Behaviour Of Japanese Macaques In The Arashiyama E Troop / Eiji Inoue -- Thirty Years Of Stone Handling Tradition In Arashiyama Macaques : Implications For Cumulative Culture And Tool Use In Non-human Primates / Jean-baptiste Leca, Noëlle Gunst And Michael A. Huffman --^ Social Object Play Among Juvenile Japanese Macaques : Comparison Between The Provisioned Arashiyama-kyoto Troop And The Non-provisioned Kinkazan Troop / Masaki Shimada. Box Essay 1 : Play Fighting In Japanese Macaques : A Comparative Perspective / Sergio M. Pellis And Vivien C. Pellis. Box Essay 2 : Eye-covering Play In Japanese Macaques And Orangutans / Anne Russon And Paul L. Vasey -- Behavioural Sequences Involved In Grooming Interactions In Adult Female Japanese Macaques : How Do Participants Change Roles And Maintain Interactions? / Mariko Fujimoto. Box Essay : Dental Flossing Behaviour As A Grooming-related Innovation By A Japanese Macaque / Jean-baptiste Leca -- The Impact Of Kinship, Defence Cost And Priority Of Access On Food Competition In Japanese Macaques / Patrick Bélisle, Jean Prud'homme And Constance Dubuc -- Plant-food Diet Of The Arashiyama Japanese Macaques And Its Potential Medicinal Value / Michael A. Huffman And Andrew J.j. Macintosh --^ Birth Control In Female Japanese Macaques At Iwatayama Monkey Park, Arashiyama / Keiko Shimizu -- Importance Of The Arashiyama Japanese Macaques In Science And Environmental Education / Yuji Takenoshita And Yukiyo Maekawa -- Appendix : Bibliography Of Publications On The Arashiyama Macaques. Edited By Jean-baptiste Leca, Michael A. Huffman, Paul L. Vasey. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Cambridge Studies in Biological and Evolutionary Anthropology 61......Page 2 The Monkeys of Stormy Mountain......Page 4 Copyright......Page 5 Dedication......Page 6 Contents......Page 8 Contributors......Page 11 Foreword......Page 13 Preface......Page 16 Introduction......Page 20 Part I Historical perspectives......Page 30 A brief historical timeline of research on the Arashiyama macaques......Page 32 1.1 Arashiyama troops in Japan......Page 37 1.2 Arashiyama West troop in Texas......Page 39 1.3 The Montréal troop......Page 45 References......Page 46 2.1 My first encounter with monkeys......Page 47 2.2 The beginning......Page 48 2.3 Reunion day......Page 49 2.4 The research station burns down......Page 50 The article was originally published as:......Page 52 3.1 Early stages of provisioning and a change in the home range......Page 53 3.2 Change in population size......Page 54 3.3 Personality......Page 55 3.4 Life history of a solitary male......Page 57 3.5 Culture......Page 58 3.6 Artificial feeding of wild boars......Page 59 References......Page 60 4.1 My first encounter......Page 61 4.2 Family lineages and troop fission......Page 63 4.3 The Biriken family moves west......Page 64 4.4 Various happenings at Arashiyama (B troop)......Page 66 4.5 The birth of C troop: a second fission......Page 67 4.6 Mothers and daughters......Page 68 References to footnotes......Page 69 5 Fifty years of female Japanese macaque demography at Arashiyama, with special reference to long-lived females (> 25 years)......Page 70 5.2 Materials and methods......Page 71 5.3.1 Age-specific fecundity and age at first birth......Page 74 5.3.2 Interbirth interval......Page 77 5.3.4 Total number of offspring......Page 79 5.3.5 Age at death......Page 80 5.3.6 Characteristics of long-lived females (> 25 years)......Page 81 5.3.7 A brief note on rank......Page 83 Acknowledgements......Page 84 References......Page 85 Part II Sexual behaviour......Page 88 6.1 Introduction......Page 90 6.2 Background and methods......Page 92 6.3.1 Male age, rank and mating partners......Page 93 6.3.2 Female age and mating partners......Page 96 6.3.3 Lineage-specific mating......Page 98 6.3.4 Re-copulating rates......Page 99 6.4.1 Mating preferences of Japanese macaques......Page 100 6.4.2 How long do mating relations or partner preferences persist?......Page 101 References......Page 103 7 Correlates between ovarian cycle phase and mating season behaviour in female Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata)......Page 106 7.1 Introduction......Page 107 7.2 Study objectives......Page 109 7.3.3 Sample extraction and analysis......Page 110 7.3.4 Interpretation of hormonal data......Page 111 7.3.5 Behavioural analysis......Page 112 7.4.2 Sexual behaviour......Page 115 7.4.3 Post-conceptive sexual behaviour......Page 116 7.4.4 Same-sex sexual behaviour......Page 118 Inter-sexual aggression......Page 119 Intra-sexual aggression......Page 120 7.5.1 Hormone profiles......Page 121 7.5.2 Sexual behaviour......Page 122 7.5.3 Post-conceptive sexual behaviour......Page 123 7.5.5 Non-sexual behaviour......Page 124 7.5.6 Aggressive behaviour......Page 125 7.6 Conclusions......Page 126 References......Page 127 8.1 Introduction......Page 131 8.2.1 Study population......Page 132 8.2.2 Data collection......Page 133 Male spatial distribution......Page 134 Affiliative behaviour......Page 135 Male mating frequency......Page 136 8.3 Results......Page 137 8.4 Discussion......Page 138 Acknowledgements......Page 145 References......Page 146 9 Costs and benefits of old age reproduction in the Arashiyama West female Japanese macaques......Page 150 9.1 Introduction......Page 151 9.2 Post-reproductive female Japanese monkeys compared with menopausal women......Page 152 9.3 The evolution of menopause in humans and reproductive termination in Japanese monkeys......Page 154 9.4 How common are post-reproductive grandmother Japanese macaques?......Page 158 9.5 The value of mothers......Page 159 9.7 Costs of old age reproduction......Page 161 9.8 Closing comments......Page 165 References......Page 166 10.1 Introduction......Page 172 10.2 Courtship behaviour......Page 177 10.3 Genital stimulation......Page 179 10.4 Mount postures and pelvic movement......Page 183 10.5 Discussion......Page 184 References......Page 187 10 Box.2 Methods......Page 192 10 Box.3.1 Overview of male homosexual series mounting......Page 193 10 Box.3.3 Responses by third-party individuals......Page 195 10 Box.3.4 Temporary ‘consort’ relations......Page 196 10 Box.3.5 Prepubescent males in ‘oestrus’......Page 197 Biased sex ratio......Page 198 Effect of early experiences during development......Page 199 Dominance demonstration......Page 200 Inhibition of competitor’s reproduction......Page 201 10 Box.5 Is male homosexual behaviour in Japanese macaques so special or abnormal?......Page 202 References......Page 203 11.1 Introduction......Page 205 11.2 Mounting in juvenile Japanese macaques......Page 207 11.3 Juvenile male–male mounting and social play at Arashiyama......Page 211 11.4 Developmental and motivational aspects of juvenile male–male mounting......Page 213 11.5 Juvenile male–male mounting and population-wide, non-conceptive mounting patterns......Page 216 Acknowledgements......Page 219 References......Page 220 12 Male masturbation behaviour of Japanese macaques in the Arashiyama E troop......Page 223 12.1 Introduction......Page 224 12.2.1 Study group......Page 226 12.2.3 Data analysis......Page 227 12.3.2 Hand preference......Page 228 12.3.3 Contexts in which males masturbated with ejaculation......Page 229 12.3.4 Ejaculation via copulation and ejaculation via masturbation......Page 230 12.4.1 Frequency and duration of masturbation behaviour......Page 233 12.4.2 Manual laterality......Page 234 12.4.4 Do males masturbate when they have less chance to copulate?......Page 235 12.4.5 Masturbation and reproduction......Page 236 References......Page 237 Part III Cultural behaviour, social interactions and ecology......Page 240 13 Thirty years of stone handling tradition in Arashiyama-Kyoto macaques: implications for cumulative culture and tool use in non-human primates......Page 242 13.1 Animal cumulative culture: a debated topic......Page 243 13.2 Stone handling as a behaviour: structural and functional aspects......Page 245 13.3 Stone handling as a tradition: inter-group variation, social transmission and long-term maintenance......Page 252 13.4 What makes the Arashiyama-Kyoto troop ‘special’ for the study of the SH tradition?......Page 254 13.5.1 Describing and explaining the origins of SH at Arashiyama......Page 259 13.5.2 Analysing the diffusion of SH at Arashiyama......Page 260 Transmission phase......Page 261 Tradition phase......Page 262 13.6.1 Gradual increase in the size and complexity of the SH repertoire......Page 263 13.6.2 Diversification of the contexts of SH practice......Page 265 13.6.3 Role of SH artefacts in the maintenance of the SH tradition......Page 266 13.7.1 Maintenance of a selectively neutral tradition......Page 268 13.7.2 SH as an exaptive tradition?......Page 269 13.8 Conclusion and future directions......Page 270 References......Page 271 14 Social object play among juvenile Japanese macaques: Comparison between the provisioned Arashiyama-Kyoto troop and the non......Page 277 14.2 Study 1: SOP in Arashiyama-Kyoto juvenile macaques......Page 278 14.2.1 Observation 1: SOP between two juveniles in Arashiyama......Page 280 14.2.2 Methods of Study 1......Page 281 Objects held by immatures during long SOP......Page 282 Interactive features of SOP......Page 283 14.2.4 Discussion of Study 1......Page 284 14.3 Study 2: Comparison of SOP between a provisioned and a non-provisioned troop......Page 287 14.3.1 A model explaining differences in the dissemination of PCT between troops......Page 288 14.3.2 Methods of Study 2......Page 289 SOP bouts and PCT in both troops......Page 291 Food items and objects held in SOP bouts......Page 292 Test of predictions......Page 294 Food provisioning and dissemination of PCT......Page 297 Is PCT a behavioural tradition?......Page 298 Acknowledgements......Page 299 References......Page 300 14 Box 1.1 Introduction......Page 303 14 Box 1.2 Play fighting in macaques......Page 304 14 Box 1.3 Macaque social systems......Page 306 14 Box 1.4 Sex rears its head......Page 308 References......Page 309 14 Box 2.1 Introduction......Page 312 14 Box 2.2.2 Sampling and data collection......Page 313 14 Box 2.3 Results......Page 314 14 Box 2.4 Cheating as a cognitive indicator......Page 315 14 Box 2.5 Discussion......Page 317 References......Page 320 15 Behavioural sequences involved in grooming interactions in adult female Japanese macaques: How do participants change roles......Page 322 15.1 Introduction......Page 323 15.2.1 Data collection......Page 325 15.2.2 Social rank among group members......Page 326 15.3.2 Frequency of each type of grooming event......Page 327 15.3.3 Number of bouts and duration of grooming episodes......Page 330 15.3.4 Frequency of transition between grooming events......Page 331 15.4 Discussion......Page 333 References......Page 336 15 Box 1 Evolutionary significance of animal innovation......Page 341 15 Box 2 Tool-use innovations in non-human primates......Page 342 15 Box 4 Determinants of the dental flossing innovation......Page 343 15 Box 5 A scenario for the emergence of new dental-flossing variants......Page 346 References......Page 347 16 The impact of kinship, defence cost and priority of access on food competition......Page 350 16.1 Introduction......Page 351 16.2 Hamilton’s classic rule and the deployment of altruism among kin......Page 352 16.3 The distribution of nepotism and its confounding factors......Page 353 16.4 The value of kin selection in the understanding of nepotism......Page 355 16.5 Experiment 1: Effect of matrilineal kinship on passive food sharing......Page 356 16.6 Experiment 2: Passive food sharing: a singular case of altruistic behaviour......Page 359 16.7 Priority of access as an alternative strategy......Page 361 16.8 Experiment 3: Impact of priority of access on food competition......Page 362 16.9 Impact of dominance despotism on priority of access......Page 364 16.10 Conclusion......Page 367 Acknowledgements......Page 369 References......Page 370 17 Plant-food diet of the Arashiyama-Kyoto Japanese macaques and its potential medicinal value......Page 375 17.1 Studies on feeding ecology at Arashiyama......Page 376 17.2 Bioactivities in the diet and their potential importance for health maintenance......Page 377 References......Page 427 Part IV Management and education......Page 452 18.1 Introduction......Page 454 Suppression of menstrual cyclicity by MPA......Page 456 Contraceptive efficacy and sexual behaviour with a low dose of MPA......Page 459 Copulatory behaviour and fecundity rate......Page 461 Contraceptive efficacy and sexual behaviour with a high dose of MPA......Page 463 18.2.2 Chrolmadinon acetate (CMA)......Page 464 Oral administration of CMA......Page 465 References......Page 469 19 Importance of the Arashiyama-Kyoto Japanese macaques in science and environmental education......Page 472 19.1 Iwatayama Monkey Park, Arashiyama, as a field site for education......Page 473 19.2.1 ‘Achievement crisis’ in Japanese education......Page 474 19.2.2 Poverty of life sciences content in the Japanese science curriculum and achievement......Page 475 19.2.3 Children’s disinterest in and dislike of science in Japan......Page 476 19.3 Teaching primatology in science education......Page 478 19.4 Benefits of Arashiyama as a field site for science education......Page 479 19.5.1 The 2007 field course......Page 480 19.5.2 The 2008 field course......Page 481 Pre-field course lecture......Page 483 Field course: Day 2......Page 484 19.6 Changes in students’ attitudes towards science through the field course......Page 485 19.7 Educational value of individual identification and focal animal following......Page 486 References......Page 487 Appendix: Bibliography of publications on the Arashiyama macaques......Page 489 Index......Page 514 Machine generated contents note: List of contributors Foreword Masao Kawai Preface Introduction Michael A. Huffman, Paul L. Vasey and Jean-Baptiste Leca Part I. Historical Perspectives: 1. A brief historical timeline of research on the Arashiyama macaques Michael A. Huffman, Linda M. Fedigan, Paul L. Vasey and Jean-Baptiste Leca 2. In search of the phantom monkeys (originally published in 1975) Eiji Ohta, translated by Michael A. Huffman 3. Arashiyama monkeys in the late 1950s Yukimaru Sugiyama 4. Touches of humanity in monkey society (originally published in 1980) Naoki Koyama, translated by Michael A. Huffman 5. Fifty years of female macaque demography at Arashiyama, with special reference to long-lived females (>25 years) Alisa Chalmers, Michael A. Huffman, Naoki Koyama and Yukio Takahata Part II. Sexual Behaviour: 6. Long-term trends in the mating relationships of Japanese macaques at Arashiyama, Japan Michael A. Huffman and Yukio Takahata 7. Correlates between ovarian cycle phase and mating season behaviour in female Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) Ann O'Neill 8. Factors influencing mating frequency of male Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) at Arashiyama West Katharine M. Jack 9. Costs and benefits of old age reproduction in the Arashiyama West female Japanese macaques Mary S. M. Pavelka and Linda M. Fedigan 10. Is female homosexual behaviour in Japanese macaques really sexual? Paul L. Vasey and Doug P. VanderLaan Box essay. Male homosexual behaviour in Arashiyama Yuji Takenoshita 11. A theoretical model of the development and evolution of non-conceptive mounting behaviour in Japanese macaques Doug P. VanderLaan, Sergio M. Pellis and Paul L. Vasey 12. Male masturbation behaviour of Japanese macaques in Arashiyama E troop Eiji Inoue Part III. Cultural Behaviour, Social Interactions, and Ecology: 13. Thirty years of stone handling tradition in Arashiyama macaques: implications for cumulative culture and tool use in non-human primates Jean-Baptiste Leca, Noëlle Gunst and Michael A. Huffman 14. Social object play among juvenile Japanese macaques: comparison between the provisioned Arashiyama troop and the non-provisioned Kinkazan troop Masaki Shimada Box essay. Play fighting in Japanese macaques: a comparative perspective Sergio M. Pellis and Vivien C. Pellis Box essay. Eye-covering play in Japanese macaques and orangutans Anne Russon and Paul L. Vasey 15. Behavioural sequences involved in grooming interactions in adult female Japanese macaques: how do participants change roles and maintain interactions? Mariko Fujimoto Box essay. Dental flossing behaviour as a grooming-related innovation by a Japanese macaque Jean-Baptiste Leca 16. The impact of kinship, defence cost and priority of access on food competition in Japanese macaques Patrick Be;lisle, Jean Prud'homme and Constance Dubuc 17. Plant-food diet of the Arashiyama Japanese macaques and its potential medicinal value Michael A. Huffman and Andrew J. J. MacIntosh Part IV. Management and Education: 18. Birth control in female Japanese macaques at Iwatayama Monkey Park, Arashiyama Keiko Shimizu 19. Importance of the Arashiyama Japanese macaques in science and environmental education Yuji Takenoshita and Yukiyo Maekawa Appendix. Bibliography of publications on the Arashiyama macaques Index. Primate Feeding Ecology : An Integrative Approach / Martha M. Robbins And Gottfried Hohmann -- Introduction To Pt. 1 / Peter S. Rodman -- Variability Of The Feeding Ecology Of Eastern Gorillas / Martha M. Robbins, John Bosco Nkurunungi And Alastair Mcneilage -- Sympatric Western Gorilla And Mangabey Diet : Reexamination Of Ape And Monkey Foraging Strategies / Diane M. Doran-sheehy, Natasha F. Shah And Lisa A. Heimbauer -- Effects Of Fruit Scarcity On Foraging Strategies Of Sympatric Gorillas And Chimpanzees / Juichi Yamagiwa And Augustin Kanyunyi Basabose -- Chimpanzee Feeding Ecology And Comparisons With Sympatric Gorillas In The Goualougo Triangle, Republic Of Congo / David Morgan And Crickette Sanz -- Frugivory And Gregariousness Of Salonga Bonobos And Gashaka Chimpanzees : The Abundance And Nutritional Quality Of Fruit / Gottfried Hohmann [and Others] -- Feeding Ecology Of Savanna Chimpanzees (pan Troglodytes Verus) At Fongoli, Senegal / Jill D. Pruetz --^ Food Choice In Taï Chimpanzees : Are Cultural Differences Present? / Christophe Boesch [and Others] -- The Effects Of Food Size, Rarity, And Processing Complexity On White-faced Capuchins' Visual Attention To Foraging Conspecifics / Susan Perry And Juan Carlos Ordoñez Jiménez -- Introduction To Pt. 2 / Richard W. Wrangham -- Primate Foraging Adaptations : Two Research Strategies / Stuart A. Altmann -- The Predictive Power Of Socioecological Models : A Reconsideration Of Resource Characteristics, Agonism, And Dominance Hierarchies / Andreas Koenig And Carola Borries -- Hunger And Aggression In Capuchin Monkeys / Charles Janson And Erin Vogel -- How Does Food Availability Limit The Population Density Of White-bearded Gibbons? / Andrew J. Marshall And Mark Leighton -- Influence Of Fruit Availability On Sumatran Orangutan Sociality And Reproduction / Serge A. Wich [and Others] -- Central Place Provisioning : The Hadza As An Example / Frank W. Marlowe --^ Introduction To Pt. 3 / Katherine Milton -- Estimating The Quality And Composition Of Wild Animal Diets -- A Critical Survey Of Methods / Sylvia Ortmann [and Others] -- The Possible Application Of Novel Marker Methods For Estimating Dietary Intake And Nutritive Value In Primates / Robert W. Mayes -- Energy Intake By Wild Chimpanzees And Orangutans : Methodological Considerations And A Preliminary Comparison / Nancy Lou Conklin-brittain, Cheryl D. Knott And Richard W. Wrangham -- The Role Of Sugar In Diet Selection In Redtail And Red Colobus Monkeys / Lisa Danish [and Others] -- Primate Sensory Systems And Foraging Behavior / Nathaniel J. Dominy, Peter W. Lucas And Nur Supardi Noor. [edited By] Gottfried Hohmann, Martha M. Robbins And Christophe Boesch. Based On Papers Presented At A Conference Held Aug. 17-19, 2004 At The Max Planck Institute For Evolutionary Anthropology In Leipzig. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. The Monkeys Of The Taï Forest : An Introduction / By W.s. Mcgraw And K. Zuberbühler -- The Social System Of The Guenons / P. Buzzard And W. Eckardt -- How Small-scale Differences In Food Competition Lead To Different Social Systems In Three Closely Related Sympatric Colobines / A.h. Korstjens, K. Bergman, C. Deffernez, M. Krebs, E.c. Nijssen, B.a.m. Van Oirschot, C. Paukert, And E. Ph. Schippers -- The Structure Of Social Relationships Among Sooty Mangabeys In Taï / F. Range, T. Förderer, Y. Storrer-meystre, C. Benetton And C. Fruteau -- Interactions Between Leopard And Monkeys / K. Zuberbühler And D. Jenny -- Interactions Between Red Colobus And Chimpanzees / R. Bshary -- Interactions Between African Crowned Eagles And Their Prey Community / S. Shultz And S. Thomsett -- Monkey Alarm Calls / K. Zuberbühler -- Positional Behavior And Habitat Use Of Taï Forest Monkeys / W.s. Mcgraw -- Can Monkey Behaviour Be Used As An Indicator For Poaching Pressure? : A Case Study Of The Diana Guenon (cercopithecus Diana) And The Western Red Colobus (procolobus Badius) In The Taï National Park, Côte D'ivoire / I. Koné And J. Refisch -- Vulnerability And Conservation Of The Tai Monkeys Fauna / W.s. Mcgraw. Edited By W.s. Mcgraw, K. Zuberbühler And R. Noë. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Pt. I. General Principles -- Conducting A Field Study Of Stress: General Principles / Gillian H. Ice And Gary D. James -- Pt. Ii. Measuring Stress Responses -- Cultural Dimensions Of The Stress Process: Measurement Issues In Fieldwork / William W. Dressler -- Measuring Emotional And Behavioral Response / Gillian H. Ice -- Measuring Hormonal Variation In The Sympathetic Nervous System: Catecholamines / Daniel E. Brown -- Measuring Hormonal Variation In The Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (hpa) Axis: Cortisol / Tessa M. Pollard And Gillian H. Ice -- Measuring Physiological Changes In The Cardiovascular System: Ambulatory Blood Pressure / Gary D. James -- Measuring Immune Function: Markers Of Cell-mediated Immunity And Inflammation In Dried Blood Spots / Thomas W. Mcdade -- Pt. Iii. Practical Issues In Studying Stress -- Measuring Stress In Special Populations / Sharon R. Williams -- Study Design And Data Analysis / Gary D. James And Gillian H. Ice -- Protection Of Human Subjects In Stress Research: An Investigator's Guide To The Process / Gary D. James And Gillian H. Ice -- Epilog: Summary And Future Directions / Gary D. James And Gillian H. Ice. Edited By Gillian H. Ice And Gary D. James. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. "The Arashiyama group of Japanese macaques holds a distinguished place in primatology as one of the longest continuously studied non-human primate populations in the world. The resulting long-term data provide a unique resource for researchers, allowing them to move beyond cross-sectional studies to tackle larger issues involving individual, matrilineal and group histories. This book presents an overview of the scope and magnitude of research topics and management efforts that have been conducted on this population for several decades, covering not only the original troop living around Kyoto, Japan, but also the two subgroups that were translocated to Texas, USA and Montreal, Canada. The chapters encompass topics including life history, sexual, social and cultural behaviour and ecology, giving an insight into the range of current primatological research. The contributors underscore the historic value of the Arashiyama macaques and showcase new and significant research findings that highlight their continuing importance to primatology"-- Résumé de l'éditeur "The emergence of the genus Homo is linked widely to the colonization of "new" highly seasonal savannah habitats. However, until now, our understanding of the possible impact of seasonality on this shift has been limited because we have little general knowledge of how seasonality affects the lives of primates. This book documents the extent of seasonality in food abundance in tropical woody vegetation, and then presents systematic analyses of the impact of seasonality in food supply on the behavioral ecology of non-human primates. Syntheses in this book then produce for the first time broad generalizations concerning the impact of seasonality on behavioral ecology and reproduction in both human and non-human primates, and apply these insights to primate and human evolution. Written for graduate students and researchers in biological anthropology and behavioral ecology, this is an absorbing account of how seasonality may have affected an important episode in our own evolution"--Jacket The emergence of the genus Homo is widely linked to the colonization of "new" highly seasonal savannah habitats. However, until now, our understanding of the possible impact of seasonality on this shift has been limited because we have little general knowledge of how seasonality affects the lives of primates. This book documents the extent of seasonality in food abundance in tropical woody vegetation, and then presents systematic analyses of the impact of seasonality in food supply on the behavioural ecology of non-human primates. Syntheses in this volume then produce for the first time broad generalizations concerning the impact of seasonality on behavioural ecology and reproduction in both human and non-human primates, and apply these insights to primate and human evolution. Written for graduate students and researchers in biological anthropology and behavioural ecology, this is an absorbing account of how seasonality may have affected an important episode in our own evolution The emergence of the genus Homo is widely linked to the colonization of'new'highly seasonal savannah habitats. However, until recently, our understanding of the possible impact of seasonality on this shift has been limited because we have little general knowledge of how seasonality affects the lives of primates. This book documents the extent of seasonality in food abundance in tropical woody vegetation, and then presents systematic analyses of the impact of seasonality in food supply on the behavioural ecology of non-human primates. Syntheses in this volume then produce broad generalizations concerning the impact of seasonality on behavioural ecology and reproduction in both human and non-human primates, and apply these insights to primate and human evolution. Written for graduate students and researchers in biological anthropology and behavioural ecology, this is an absorbing account of how seasonality may have affected an important episode in our own evolution. The First Boat People concerns how people travelled across the world to Australia in the Pleistocene. It traces movement from Africa to Australia, offering a new view of population growth at that time, challenging current ideas, and underscoring problems with the'Out of Africa'theory of how modern humans emerged. The variety of routes, strategies and opportunities that could have been used by those first migrants is proposed against the very different regional geography that existed at that time. Steve Webb shows the impact of human entry into Australia on the megafauna using fresh evidence from his work in Central Australia, including a description of palaeoenvironmental conditions existing there during the last two glaciations. He argues for an early human arrival and describes in detail the skeletal evidence for the first Australians. This is a stimulating account for students and researchers in biological anthropology, human evolution and archaeology. "This book is the first to be devoted entirely to the study of children's skeletons from archaeological and forensic contexts. It provides an extensive review of the osteological methods and theoretical concepts of their analysis. Non-adult skeletons provide a wealth of information on the physical and social life of the child from their growth, diet and age at death, to factors that expose them to trauma and disease at different stages of their lives. This book covers non-adult skeletal preservation; the assessment of age, sex and ancestry; growth and development; infant and child mortality including infanticide; weaning ages and diseases of dietary deficiency; skeletal pathology; personal identification; and exposure to trauma from birth injuries, accidents and child abuse, providing new insights for undergraduates and postgraduates in osteology, palaeopathology and forensic anthropology."--Jacket. A great deal has been written about primates; however few volumes have focused on an entire community of sympatric monkeys at a single site. Drawing upon diverse sets of data, the authors provide a multi-thematic case study of the entire monkey community of the Taï forest (Ivory Coast). Much of the book explores how the seven monkey species have adapted to hunting pressures from chimpanzees, leopards, crowned eagles and humans. Other themes covered include feeding ecology, social behaviour, positional behaviour and habitat use, vocal communication and conservation. Colour photographs of all species are provided, showing the major behavioural characteristics of each, as little is known about these West African monkeys. This scientifically important volume will be of interest to a broad audience including primatologists, functional anatomists, psychologists, and behavioural ecologists. The purpose of this 2006 book is to present non-invasive methods of measuring the biological responses to psychosocial stress in humans, in non-laboratory (field) settings. Following the pathways of Seyle's General Adaptation Syndrome, the text first describes how to assess the psychosocial stressors of everyday life and then outlines how to measure the psychological, behavioral, neurohumeral, physiological and immunological responses to them. The book concludes with practical information on assessing special populations, analyzing the often-complicated data that are collected in field stress studies and the ethical treatment of human subjects in stress studies. It is intended to be a practical guide for developing and conducting psychophysiological stress research in human biology. This book will assist students and professionals in designing field studies of stress. The First Boat People concerns how people travelled across the world to Australia, in the Pleistocene era. It traces movement from Africa to Australia, offering a new view of population growth at that time, challenging current ideas and underscoring problems with the 'Out of Africa' theory of how modern humans emerged. The variety of routes, strategies and opportunities that could have been used by those first migrants is proposed against the very different regional geography that existed at the time. Steve Webb shows the impact of human entry into Australia on the megafauna, using fresh evidence from his work in Central Australia, including a description of palaeoenvironmental conditions existing there during the last two glaciations. He argues for an early human arrival and describes in detail the skeletal evidence for the first Australians The First Boat People concerns how people travelled across the world to Australia in the Pleistocene. It traces movement from Africa to Australia, offering a new view of population growth at that time, challenging current ideas, and underscoring problems with the 'Out of Africa' theory of how modern humans emerged. The variety of routes, strategies and opportunities that could have been used by those first migrants is proposed against the very different regional geography that existed at that time. Steve Webb shows the impact of human entry into Australia on the megafauna using fresh evidence from his work in Central Australia, including a description of palaeoenvironmental conditions existing there during the last two glaciations. He argues for an early human arrival and describes in detail the skeletal evidence for the first Australians The emergence of the genus Homo is widely linked to the colonization of "new" highly seasonal savannah habitats. However, until now, our understanding of the possible impact of seasonality on this shift has been limited because we have little general knowledge of how seasonality affects the lives of primates. This book documents the extent of seasonality in food abundance in tropical woody vegetation. It then presents a systematic analysis of seasonality's impact in food supply on the behavioral ecology of non-human primates and ultimately applies its conclusions to primate and human evolution. A multi-thematic snapshot of the entire monkey community of the Tai forest (Ivory Coast), featuring colour photographs, which significantly enhance the behaviours discussed in the text. The breadth of this important volume means it will be of interest to a wide variety of primatologists, functional anatomists, psychologists, and behavioural ecologists. A multi-thematic snapshot of the entire monkey community of the Taï forest (Ivory Coast), featuring colour photographs, which significantly enhance the behaviours discussed in the text. The breadth of this important volume means it will be of interest to a wide variety of primatologists, functional anatomists, psychologists, and behavioural ecologists.