The Migration Crisis in the American Southern Cone: Hate Speech and its Social Consequences (Latin American Societies)

This book analyzes how the increase in migration from other Latin American countries to countries of the American Southern Cone such as Brazil, Argentina and Chile has generated a crisis fueled by the emergence of hate discourses towards migrant populations. While extracontinental migration to Europe, North America and elsewhere has waned over the last decades, migration between Latin American countries has increased dramatically as a product of the differential development of the region’s economies, violence, and political turmoil. This book sets out to explain the effects of these trends by analyzing statistical data, official documents and ethnographic material gathered over a long period of research carried out throughout South America. The volume is divided in two parts. In the first part, it presents a theoretical contribution, synthesizing particularities of intraregional migration in Latin America, as well as the emergence of hate discourses towards migrant populations, developing approaches oriented towards a critical gender perspective. It also underlines important contributions that Latin American migration studies can make to current debates about migration across the globe. In the second part, it presents case studies dedicated to Argentina, Brazil and Chile. The Migration Crisis in the American Southern Cone: Hate Speech and its Social Consequences will be a valuable resource to migration studies researchers by presenting fresh theoretical and empirical contributions to the field from a Latin American perspective. Acknowledgments 6 Contents 9 List of Figures 11 List of Tables 17 Contributors 18 Part I: The Production of the Crisis 20 Chapter 1: The Migration Crisis and the Ecstasies of Hatred 21 1.1 Stitch-and-Anchoring Stitch 21 1.2 Crises and Hatred 27 1.3 Horizons, Compasses and Axes 31 1.4 The Book 33 References 36 Chapter 2: Transnational Heterogeneities: Migration Configurations in the American Southern Cone (1970–2020) 38 2.1 Introduction 38 2.2 The So-Called Age of Migration (1970–2000) 41 2.3 The “De-Globalizing Impulse” (2001–2015) 50 2.4 The Age of the So-Called Migration Crisis 57 2.5 Situating Heterogeneity 61 References 64 Chapter 3: On Feminisms and Mobilities: Critical Debates on Migration and Gender in Latin America (1970–2020) 70 3.1 Introduction 70 3.2 The Gender Shift in Migration Studies 74 3.3 Migrant Women in Transnationalism 79 3.3.1 The Role of Female Agency 80 3.3.2 Intersectionality in a Transnational Perspective 83 3.3.3 (Re)defining Families 85 3.4 Migration and the Political Economy of Care and Affection 87 3.5 Challenges of the Present Century 88 References 94 Part II: Hate Speech and Its Social Consequences 101 Chapter 4: Hate Speech as a Moral Narrative 102 References 111 Chapter 5: The Back and Forth Between National Security and Human Rights: Migration Policies in Argentina Under the Cambiemos Administration (2015–2019) 112 5.1 Introduction 112 5.2 The Sociopolitical Context: Ruptures and Continuities 115 5.3 Policies Old and New: Actors, Resources, Arguments 119 5.4 From Security to Human Rights and Back Again 124 5.5 Response of Civil Society Organizations 126 5.6 In Conclusion: Migration Policies in Argentina, New and Old 133 References 136 Chapter 6: The Strategic Production of Hate: Anti-migrant Discourse and Xenophobic Practices in Foz de Iguazú, Brazil 141 6.1 Introduction 141 6.2 The Case Study 142 6.3 Bolsonaro: The Media Production of Hatred of Migrants 144 6.4 The Context: The Tri-Border Area, Foz de Iguazú, and the UNILA Project 148 6.5 The Hate Campaign 156 6.6 The UNILA: Exception and Contradiction 159 6.6.1 A Space of Exception 159 6.6.2 A Space of Contradiction 162 6.7 Closing Remarks 166 Appendices 167 References 168 Chapter 7: When Data Undermine Discourse: Migration and Post-Globalization in Chile 172 7.1 Introduction 172 7.2 “Putting the House in Order” 174 7.3 Migration Outlook in Chile 177 7.4 Migrants in Chile: Nationalities, Gender, and Geographical Distribution by Regions 181 7.5 Visas Issued and Removal Processes 186 7.6 Conclusions 191 References 194 Chapter 8: Closing Remarks and Opening Insights – From Uruguay 198 8.1 Introduction 198 8.2 Situationality 201 8.3 Adjustments 204 8.4 Modulations 211 8.5 Withdrawal 212 References 214 Index 217 "This book analyzes how the increase in migration from other Latin American countries to countries of the American Southern Cone such as Brazil, Argentina and Chile has generated a crisis fueled by the emergence of hate discourses towards migrant populations. While extracontinental migration to Europe, North America and elsewhere has waned over the last decades, migration between Latin American countries has increased dramatically as a product of the differential development of the region's economies, violence, and political turmoil. This book sets out to explain the effects of these trends by analyzing statistical data, official documents and ethnographic material gathered over a long period of research carried out throughout South America. The volume is divided in two parts. In the first part, it presents a theoretical contribution, synthesizing particularities of intraregional migration in Latin America, as well as the emergence of hate discourses towards migrant populations, developing approaches oriented towards a critical gender perspective. It also underlines important contributions that Latin American migration studies can make to current debates about migration across the globe. In the second part, it presents case studies dedicated to Argentina, Brazil and Chile."--Back cover