تله درآمد متوسط در اروپا مرکزی و شرقی: علل، پیامدها و استراتژی‌ها در کشورهای پساکمونیستی

Since the 1990s, the economic development of Central and Eastern Europe has maintained high economic growth rates, seemingly leading to an era of prosperity. This very positive vision of future economic success, linked to current political backlash and a long history of economic adversity, is a thin veil of the economic “way west” for so-called transition countries. __The Middle-Income Trap in Central and Eastern Europe__ examines the reality of the diminishing marginal utility of further international investments alongside the pitfalls of higher government spending to cultivate innovation which ultimately makes foreign capital less attractive. In this volume authors from diverse disciplinary perspectives reflect on current debates surrounding the developmental bottlenecks in East-Central Europe. Their common goal is to analyze the manner of socio-economic transformation, question of the relevance and impact of the “middle-income trap” and identify possible ways to escape it. Contents 5 List of Illustrations 7 Preface 11 Abbreviations 12 Introduction. Transformation of the Transformation? The Middle-Income Trap and the Search for a New Development Strategy in the Post-Communist States of Central and Eastern Europe 15 Part I. Historical Legacies 37 Chapter 1. Poland’s Communist Heritage and Its Impact on Post-1990 Economic Development 37 Chapter 2. Institutional Development and Growth as Outputs of Early Transition Policies 68 Part II. Development Strategies on the Economic, Entrepreneurial and Individual Level 109 Chapter 3. The Middle-Income Trap and Its Narrow Escape Hatches: Dependent Development and FDI-Led Growth in Romania 109 Chapter 4. Between Domestic Entrepreneurship and Global Technology Chains: Upgrading Paths of Two Large IT Firms from Poland 136 Chapter 5. The Value of Return Migration: Th e Case of Bulgaria 157 Part III. The Impact of European Integration 181 Chapter 6. The Winners and Losers of Economic Openness: Eastern Europe’s Growth Path Post-1989 181 Chapter 7. Developmentalist Illusion? EU Cohesion Policy, Dependent Development and the State in East Central Europe 218 Chapter 8. East-Central Europe: The Eternal Periphery of the EU? 245 Chapter 9. Cohesion Policy for Escaping the Middle-Income Trap 268 Conclusion and Outlook 295 Index 301