The Menopause and Postmenopause : The Proceedings of an International Symposium Held in Rome, June 1979

The treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal symptoms is a focus of considerable debate, on account of both the medical and social factors involved. And perhaps the cause of the greatest current interest and concern is not so much the effectiveness of present-day treatment but its safety. Opinions on the subject vary; and to resolve the arguments we must turn to the results of scientific experiment, both the clinical and biological. It is only by comparing experimental results that it is possible to move forward, albeit slowly, towards a generally agreed consensus based upon objective scientific data. It is for this reason that we are particularly grateful to Ayerst Laboratories whose support and help have enabled us to turn our original proposal for an International Symposium into a reality. We are also grateful to the publishers for the efficiency with which they have organized the publication of the Proceedings. It is our hope and that of all the distinguished participants that all readers of this volume will be able to find something in it which will stimulate further thought and discussion - even though they may not necessarily agree with all the conclusions expressed - for the success of a Symposium turns not only on the subject under examination but also on the quality of debate and discussion it encourages. Front Matter....Pages i-xiii Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Chemistry and Biochemistry of Natural Estrogens....Pages 3-16 Estrogens and Prostaglandins....Pages 17-23 Plasma Concentration of Estrogens after Application of various Estrogen Preparations....Pages 25-30 Progestogen Modification of Estrogen-induced Endometrial Proliferation in Climacteric Women....Pages 31-41 New Concepts of Estrogenic Activity: the Role of Metabolites in the Expression of Hormone Action....Pages 43-52 Front Matter....Pages 53-53 Hormonal Influences on α -Adrenoreceptors: Preliminary Results....Pages 55-61 ’Psychotherapeutic Effects’ of Estrogen Substitution during the Climacteric Period....Pages 63-73 Double-blind Studies on the Effects of Natural Estrogens on Postmenopausal Women: A Follow-up Report....Pages 75-84 Considerations concerning the Clinical Treatment of the Principal Micturitional Disturbances of the Postmenopause....Pages 85-89 The Urethral Syndrome — Role of Estrogens in the Therapy....Pages 91-105 Relationships of Ovary, Endometrium and Vagina to Estrogen Therapy in the Postmenopause....Pages 107-112 Prolactin in Postmenopausal Endometrial Hyperplasia and Adenocarcinoma....Pages 113-125 The Prevention and Treatment of Endometrial Pathology in Postmenopausal Women receiving Exogenous Estrogens....Pages 127-139 Treatment of Patients at Risk. Cross-over Study between Natural Estrogens....Pages 141-151 Estrogen Therapy preparatory to Vaginal Surgery in Advanced Menopause....Pages 153-156 The Correction by Estrogens of Calcium Disorders Induced by Estrogen-deficient States....Pages 157-161 Calcium Metabolism in the Postmenopause and Sex Steroid Therapy: Postmenopausal Osteoporosis and Sex Steroids....Pages 163-177 Prevention and Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis....Pages 179-193 The Clinical Epidemiology of Breast and Uterine Cancer....Pages 195-205 Estrogens and Endometrial Cancer: A Pathologist’s Perspective....Pages 207-219 Front Matter....Pages 53-53 Steroid-induced Changes in the Endometrium of Postmenopausal Women....Pages 221-229 Mutagenicity and Estrogens....Pages 231-235 Estrogens and Endometrial Cancer....Pages 237-244 Exogenous Estrogen Therapy in the Menopause: Influence on Mammary Cancer Risk....Pages 245-254 The Effects of Exogenous Estrogen Replacement on Breast Parenchymal Patterns....Pages 255-263 Replacement Therapy of the Menopause and Breast Cancer....Pages 265-271 Estrogen and Estrogen-Progestogen Compounds. Is there a Risk for the Development of Endometrial and Breast Cancer in the Perimenopausal Woman?....Pages 273-288 Role of Estrogens and Progestogens in the Etiology of Breast and Endometrial Neoplasia....Pages 289-304 Discussion....Pages 305-315 Back Matter....Pages 317-322