The Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Illustrated Manual of Ophthalmology E-Book

Offering **current diagnostic and therapeutic guidance** to manage ocular disorders, __The Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Illustrated Manual of Ophthalmology, 5th Edition__, remains **the most comprehensive ophthalmology manual available**. It provides practical information for efficient diagnosis and treatment decisions in a succinct, quick-reference format. Lavishly illustrated with **more than 700 full-color images**, this outstanding manual covers **clinical descriptions, imaging and testing methods, treatment guidelines**, and more, making it useful for ophthalmologists, optometrists, and ophthalmic allied health professionals__.__ Ifc Front Matter The Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Illustrated Manual Of Ophthalmology Copyright Contents Video contents Preface Contributors Acknowledgments Figure courtesy lines Introduction 1 Orbit Key words: Trauma Blunt trauma Penetrating trauma Globe subluxation Carotid–cavernous and dural sinus fistulas Infections Preseptal cellulitis Definition Etiology Symptoms Signs Differential diagnosis Evaluation Prognosis Orbital cellulitis Definition Etiology Symptoms Signs Differential diagnosis Evaluation Prognosis Inflammation Thyroid eye disease Definition Epidemiology Symptoms Signs Differential diagnosis Evaluation Prognosis Idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease (orbital pseudotumor) Definition Epidemiology Symptoms Signs Differential diagnosis Evaluation Prognosis Congenital anomalies Congenital anophthalmia Microphthalmos Microphthalmos with cyst Nanophthalmos Craniofacial disorders Pediatric orbital tumors Benign pediatric orbital tumors Malignant pediatric orbital tumors Adult orbital tumors Benign adult orbital tumors Malignant adult orbital tumors Acquired anophthalmia Atrophia bulbi and phthisis bulbi Atrophia bulbi without shrinkage Atrophia bulbi with shrinkage Atrophia bulbi with disorganization (phthisis bulbi) 2 Ocular motility and cranial nerves Keywords: Strabismus Phoria Tropia Etiology Symptoms Signs Differential diagnosis Evaluation Prognosis Horizontal strabismus Esotropia Exotropia A-, V-, and X-patterns Vertical strabismus Brown’s syndrome (superior oblique tendon sheath syndrome) Dissociated strabismus complex: Dissociated vertical deviation, dissociated horizontal deviation, and dissociated torsiona ... Monocular elevation deficiency (double elevator palsy) Miscellaneous strabismus Duane’s retraction syndrome Möbius syndrome Restrictive strabismus Congenital fibrosis syndrome Nystagmus Congenital nystagmus Acquired nystagmus Physiologic nystagmus Third cranial nerve palsy Prognosis Fourth cranial nerve palsy Sixth cranial nerve palsy Multiple cranial nerve palsies Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia Horizontal motility disorders Vertical motility disorders Myasthenia gravis 3 Lids, lashes, and lacrimal system Keywords: Eyelid trauma Contusion Abrasion Avulsion Laceration Eyelid infections Blepharitis and meibomian gland dysfunction Definition Etiology Epidemiology Symptoms Signs Anterior blepharitis Meibomian gland dysfunction Differential diagnosis Evaluation Prognosis Herpes simplex virus Varicella zoster virus Molluscum contagiosum Demodicosis Phthiriasis or pediculosis Leprosy Eyelid inflammations Chalazion and hordeolum (stye) Definition Chalazion Hordeolum Symptoms Signs Differential diagnosis Evaluation Prognosis Contact dermatitis Definition Symptoms Signs Differential diagnosis Evaluation Prognosis Blepharochalasis Madarosis Definition Etiology Local Systemic Symptoms Signs Evaluation Prognosis Vitiligo and poliosis Acne rosacea Definition Etiology Symptoms Signs Evaluation Prognosis Eyelid malpositions Ptosis Definition Etiology Aponeurotic (involutional) Mechanical Myogenic Neurogenic Congenital Symptoms Signs Differential diagnosis Evaluation Prognosis Dermatochalasis Ectropion Definition Etiology Cicatricial Congenital Inflammatory Involutional Mechanical Paralytic Symptoms Signs Evaluation Prognosis Entropion Definition Etiology Cicatricial Congenital Involutional Spastic Symptoms Signs Differential diagnosis Evaluation Prognosis Blepharospasm Bell’s palsy Floppy eyelid syndrome Trichiasis Congenital eyelid anomalies Ankyloblepharon Blepharophimosis Coloboma Cryptophthalmos Distichiasis Epiblepharon Epicanthus Euryblepharon Microblepharon Telecanthus Benign eyelid tumors Pigmented benign eyelid tumors Nonpigmented benign eyelid tumors Vascular benign eyelid tumors Malignant eyelid tumors Basal cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Actinic keratosis Keratoacanthoma Sebaceous cell carcinoma Malignant melanoma Merkel cell tumor Metastatic tumors Kaposi’s sarcoma Systemic diseases Neurofibromatosis Definition Nf-1 (Von Recklinghausen’s disease) Nf-2 (bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis) Signs Nf-1 systemic findings Nf-1 ocular findings Nf-2 systemic findings Nf-2 ocular findings Evaluation Prognosis Sarcoidosis Amyloidosis Definition Etiology Symptoms Signs Systemic findings Nonfamilial form Familial form Ocular findings Evaluation Prognosis Canaliculitis Dacryocystitis Nasolacrimal duct obstruction Dacryoadenitis Lacrimal gland tumors Benign mixed cell tumor (pleomorphic adenoma) Malignant mixed cell tumor (pleomorphic adenocarcinoma) Adenoid cystic carcinoma (cylindroma) 4 Conjunctiva and sclera Keywords: Trauma Foreign body Laceration Open globe Subconjunctival hemorrhage Telangiectasia Microaneurysm Dry eye disease (dry eye syndrome, keratoconjunctivitis sicca) Aqueous-deficient dry eye Evaporative dry eye Epidemiology Symptoms Signs Differential diagnosis Evaluation Prognosis Inflammation Chemosis Follicles Granuloma Hyperemia Membranes Papillae Phlyctenule Symptoms Signs Differential diagnosis Evaluation Prognosis Conjunctivitis Acute conjunctivitis Chronic conjunctivitis Degenerations Amyloidosis Concretions Pinguecula Pterygium Symptoms Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid Stevens–Johnson syndrome (erythema multiforme major) Graft-versus-host disease Etiology Symptoms Acute GVHD systemic symptoms Chronic GVHD systemic symptoms Signs Acute GVHD ocular findings Chronic GVHD ocular findings Acute GVHD systemic findings Chronic GVHD systemic findings Evaluation Prognosis Tumors Congenital Epithelial Melanocytic Stromal Caruncle Episcleritis Scleritis Scleral discoloration Alkaptonuria (ochronosis) Ectasia (staphyloma) Osteogenesis imperfecta (autosomal dominant) Scleral icterus Senile scleral plaque Minocycline Symptoms Signs Differential diagnosis Evaluation Prognosis 5 Cornea Keywords: Trauma Abrasion Birth trauma Burn Foreign body Laceration Recurrent erosion syndrome Limbal stem cell deficiency Peripheral ulcerative keratitis Contact lens–related problems Miscellaneous Corneal edema Graft rejection and failure Infectious keratitis (corneal ulcer) Interstitial keratitis Pannus Degenerations Arcus senilis Band keratopathy Crocodile shagreen Furrow degeneration Lipid keratopathy Spheroidal Degeneration (Actinic Degeneration, Labrador Keratopathy, Climatic Droplet Keratopathy, Bietti’s Nodular Dyst ... Salzmann’s nodular degeneration Terrien’s marginal degeneration White limbal girdle of Vogt Ectasias Keratoconus Keratoglobus Pellucid marginal degeneration Symptoms Signs Differential diagnosis Evaluation Prognosis Congenital anomalies Cornea plana (autosomal dominant [AD] or autosomal recessive [AR]) Dermoid Haab’s striae Megalocornea (X-linked) Microcornea (AD and AR) Posterior keratoconus Sclerocornea Symptoms Signs Differential diagnosis Evaluation Prognosis Dystrophies Epithelial and subepithelial dystrophies Epithelial-stromal (TGFBI) dystrophies Stromal dystrophies Macular corneal dystrophy (Groenouw dystrophy Type II) (AR) Schnyder corneal dystrophy (Schnyder crystalline corneal dystrophy) (AD) Congenital stromal corneal dystrophy (AD) Fleck corneal dystrophy (François–Neetens corneal dystrophy) (AD) Posterior amorphous corneal dystrophy (AD) Central cloudy dystrophy of François (unknown; may be AD) Pre-descemet corneal dystrophy (AD) Endothelial dystrophies Metabolic diseases Deposits Calcium Copper Chalcosis Wilson’s disease Cysteine (cystinosis) Drugs Epinephrine Ciprofloxacin Gold (chrysiasis) Mercury Silver (argyrosis) Thorazine or stelazine Immunoglobulin (multiple myeloma) Iron Ink or chemical dye Corneal tattooing Lipid or cholesterol (dyslipoproteinemias) Hyperlipoproteinemia Lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency Fish-eye disease (partial LCAT deficiency) Tangier’s disease (familial high-density lipoprotein deficiency) Melanin Krukenberg spindle Scattered endothelial pigment Tyrosine (tyrosinemia) Type II/Richner–Hanhart syndrome Urate (gout) Verticillata (vortex keratopathy) Symptoms Signs Differential diagnosis Evaluation Prognosis Enlarged corneal nerves Tumors 6 Anterior chamber Keywords: Primary angle-closure glaucoma Secondary angle-closure glaucoma Hypotony Hyphema Cells and flare Hypopyon Endophthalmitis Anterior uveitis (iritis, iridocyclitis) Infectious anterior uveitis Noninfectious anterior uveitis Uveitis–glaucoma–hyphema syndrome 7 Iris and pupils Keywords: Trauma Angle recession Cyclodialysis Iridodialysis Sphincter tears Symptoms Signs Differential diagnosis Evaluation Prognosis Corectopia Seclusio pupillae Peripheral anterior synechiae Rubeosis iridis Neovascular glaucoma Pigment dispersion syndrome Pigmentary glaucoma Iris heterochromia Anisocoria Adie’s tonic pupil Argyll robertson pupil Horner’s syndrome Relative afferent pupillary defect (marcus gunn pupil) Leukocoria Congenital anomalies Aniridia Coloboma Persistent pupillary membrane Plateau iris (configuration or syndrome) Mesodermal dysgenesis syndromes Axenfeld’s anomaly Alagille’s syndrome Rieger’s anomaly Rieger’s syndrome Peters anomaly Symptoms Signs Differential diagnosis Evaluation Prognosis Iridocorneal endothelial syndromes Essential iris atrophy (progressive iris atrophy) Chandler’s syndrome Iris nevus (cogan–reese) syndrome Mechanism Epidemiology Symptoms Signs Differential diagnosis Evaluation Prognosis Tumors Cyst Nevus Nodules Iris pigment epithelium tumors Juvenile xanthogranuloma Malignant melanoma Metastatic tumors 8 Lens Keywords: Congenital anomalies Congenital cataract Acquired cataract Posterior capsular opacification Aphakia Pseudophakia Exfoliation Pseudoexfoliation syndrome Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma Lens-induced glaucoma Dislocated lens (ectopia lentis) 9 Vitreous Keywords: Amyloidosis Asteroid hyalosis Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (persistent fetal vasculature syndrome) Posterior vitreous detachment Synchesis scintillans Vitreous hemorrhage Vitritis 10 Retina and choroid Keywords: Trauma Choroidal rupture Commotio retinae (berlin’s edema) Purtscher retinopathy Traumatic retinal holes Sclopeteria Hemorrhages Preretinal hemorrhage Intraretinal hemorrhage Subretinal hemorrhage Cotton-wool spot Terson syndrome Branch retinal artery occlusion Central retinal artery occlusion Ophthalmic artery occlusion Branch retinal vein occlusion Central or hemiretinal vein occlusion Venous stasis retinopathy Ocular ischemic syndrome Retinopathy of prematurity Coats disease and leber’s miliary aneurysms Gomez–morales staging Sigelman staging Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy and norrie disease Incontinentia pigmenti Eales disease Macular telangiectasia (mactel, idiopathic juxtafoveal, and perifoveal telangiectasia) Type 1A (unilateral congenital parafoveal telangiectasia) Type 1B (unilateral idiopathic parafoveal telangiectasia) Type 2 (bilateral acquired parafoveal telangiectasia) Type 3 (bilateral perifoveal telangiectasis with capillary obliteration) Retinopathies associated with blood abnormalities Retinopathy of anemia Leukemic retinopathy Sickle cell retinopathy Diabetic retinopathy Hypertensive retinopathy Toxemia of pregnancy Acquired retinal arterial macroaneurysm Radiation retinopathy Age-related macular degeneration Nonexudative (dry) macular degeneration Exudative (wet) macular degeneration Retinal angiomatous proliferation Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy Age-related choroidal atrophy Myopic degeneration and pathologic myopia Angioid streaks Central serous chorioretinopathy Cystoid macular edema Macular hole 11 Optic nerve and glaucoma Keywords: Papilledema Idiopathic intracranial hypertension and pseudotumor cerebri Optic neuritis Papillitis Retrobulbar Neuromyelitis optica or devic’s syndrome Etiology Epidemiology Symptoms Signs Differential diagnosis Evaluation Prognosis Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy Traumatic optic neuropathy Other optic neuropathies Congenital anomalies Tumors Angioma (von Hippel Lesion) Astrocytic hamartoma Combined hamartoma of retina and retinal pigment epithelium Glioma Glioblastoma multiforme Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma Melanocytoma Meningioma Symptoms Signs Differential diagnosis Evaluation Prognosis Chiasmal syndromes Congenital glaucoma Primary open-angle glaucoma Secondary open-angle glaucoma Normal (low)-tension glaucoma 12 Visual acuity, refractive procedures, and sudden vision loss Keywords: Refractive error Refractive surgery complications Intraocular refractive procedures Corneal refractive procedures Symptoms Signs and complications Excimer laser Photorefractive keratectomy Laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy and epithelial-laser in-situ keratomileusis Laser in-situ keratomileusis Small incision lenticule extraction Symptoms Signs and complications Implants Intracorneal inlays Intrastromal corneal ring segments (intacs) Symptoms Signs and complications Thermokeratoplasty Conductive keratoplasty Symptoms Signs and complications Refractive surgery complications: Evaluation and management Vertebrobasilar insufficiency (vertebrobasilar atherothrombotic disease) Migraine Convergence insufficiency Accommodative excess (accommodative spasm) Functional visual loss Transient visual loss (amaurosis fugax) Amblyopia Cortical blindness (cortical visual impairment) Visual pathway lesions Appendix Ophthalmic history and examination History Ocular examination Reference American academy of ophthalmology suggested routine eye examination guidelines Differential diagnosis of common ocular symptoms Decreased vision Visual distortion Glare or halos Photophobia Diplopia Night blindness Eye pain Red eye Tearing Discharge Lid swelling Lid twitch Flashes of light Floaters Common ophthalmic medications Anti-infectives Color codes for topical ocular medication caps Ocular toxicology List of important ocular measurements List of eponyms Common ophthalmic abbreviations (how to read an ophthalmology chart) Common spanish phrases Ibc Offering current diagnostic and therapeutic guidance to manage ocular disorders, The Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Illustrated Manual of Ophthalmology, 5th Edition, remains the most comprehensive ophthalmology manual available. It provides practical information for efficient diagnosis and treatment decisions in a succinct, quick-reference format. Lavishly illustrated with more than 700 full-color images, this outstanding manual covers clinical descriptions, imaging and testing methods, treatment guidelines, and more, making it useful for ophthalmologists, optometrists, and ophthalmic allied health professionals. Utilizes a highly templated format that includes chapters organized anatomically, in addition to key boxes and highlighted emergency management boxes. Features new sections on infectious uveitis, refractive procedures, toxic maculopathies, color blindness, limbal stem cell deficiency, neurotrophic keratitis, Terson syndrome, age-related choroidal atrophy, Norrie disease, Aicardi's syndrome, and many others. Includes new images throughout, including OCTA images, as well as two new videos on ocular motility testing and one-and-a-half syndrome. Provides diagnostic and therapeutic updates on dry eye, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, hereditary retinal diseases, ocular tumors, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, and more. Contains bonus appendices that provide a wealth of supplemental information helpful for the non-specialist, including guidance on the basics in examination methods, differential diagnosis, common medications, abbreviations, measurements and more. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices

Offering current diagnostic and therapeutic guidance to manage ocular disorders, The Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Illustrated Manual of Ophthalmology, 5th Edition, remains the most comprehensive ophthalmology manual available. It provides practical information for efficient diagnosis and treatment decisions in a succinct, quick-reference format. Lavishly illustrated with more than 700 full-color images, this outstanding manual covers clinical descriptions, imaging and testing methods, treatment guidelines, and more, making it useful for ophthalmologists, optometrists, and ophthalmic allied health professionals.

• Utilizes a highly templated format that includes chapters organized anatomically, in addition to key boxes and highlighted emergency management boxes.
• Features new sections on infectious uveitis, refractive procedures, toxic maculopathies, color blindness, limbal stem cell deficiency, neurotrophic keratitis, Terson syndrome, age-related choroidal atrophy, Norrie disease, Aicardi’s syndrome, and many others.
• Includes new images throughout, including OCTA images, as well as two new videos on ocular motility testing and one-and-a-half syndrome.
• Provides diagnostic and therapeutic updates on dry eye, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, hereditary retinal diseases, ocular tumors, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, and more.
• Contains bonus appendices that provide a wealth of supplemental information helpful for the non-specialist, including guidance on the basics in examination methods, differential diagnosis, common medications, abbreviations, measurements and more.

With high quality color images combined with up-to-date treatment guidelines and a proven template, the third edition of this book is a vital companion for every ophthalmic trainee, primary care practitioner and emergency trauma unit. Provides thorough, easily accessible and up-to-date information for all common eye disorders, creating an all-in-one resource for quick diagnosis and treatment. Orders chapters anatomically (not by ophthalmic subspecialty) making it easier to locate the desired information by looking at the effected area. Provides a complete and thorough update with expanded sections, including age related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, glaucoma, dry eye, and refractive surgeries. Incorporates over 100 new high quality clinical color photos plus spectral domain OCT, CT scan, fluorescein angiogram, visual field, and corneal topography images. Adds brand new appendices outlining basic eye care and differential diagnosis information to help minimize wasted time in the clinic. "The Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Illustrated Manual of Ophthalmology, 5th Edition, remains the most comprehensive ophthalmology manual available. It provides practical information for efficient diagnosis and treatment decisions in a succinct, quick-reference format. Lavishly illustrated with more than 700 full-color images, this outstanding manual covers clinical descriptions, imaging and testing methods, treatment guidelines, and more, making it useful for ophthalmologists, optometrists, and ophthalmic allied health professionals."-- Résumé de l'éditeur