The Making of the West, Combined Volume: Peoples and Cultures

The Making of the West features a chronological narrative that offers a truly global context and tells the story of the cross-cultural exchanges that have shaped western history. This brief book includes a full-color map and art program and comprehensive supplement options, including LaunchPad and a free sourcebook. The result is a brief book that is an excellent price and an outstanding value. With the fifth edition, Bedford/St. Martin’s is proud to offer a comprehensive digital solution to meet all your classroom needs. New to the fifth edition, LaunchPad for The Making of the West provides instructors and students with a full feature program that includes a wealth of primary documents, comparative analysis, visual analysis, and quantitative analysis in every chapter. What's in the LaunchPad Lynn Hunt (PhD. Stanford University) is Eugen Weber Professor of Modern European History at University of California, Los Angeles. She is the author or editor of several books, including most recently Inventing Human Rights, Measuring Time, Making History, and The Book that Changed Europe. Thomas R. Martin (PhD, Harvard University) is Jeremiah O Connor Professor in Classics at the College of the Holy Cross. He is the author of Sovereignty and Coinage in Classical Greece and Ancient Greece, and is one of the originators of Perseus: Interactive Sources and Studies on Ancient Greece (www.perseus.tufts.edu). He is currently conducting research on the career of Pericles as a political leader in classical Athens as well as on the text of Josephus' Jewish War. Barbara H. Rosenwein (PhD, University of Chicago) is professor of history at Loyola University Chicago. She is the author or editor of several books, including A Short History of the Middle Ages and Emotional Communities in the Early Middle Ages. She is currently working on a general history of the emotions in the West. Bonnie G. Smith (PhD, University of Rochester) is Board of Governors Professor of History at Rutgers University. She is author or editor of several books including Ladies of the Leisure Class; The Gender of History: Men, Women and Historical Practice; and The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History. Currently she is studying the globalization of European culture and society since the seventeenth century." Cover......Page 1 Title......Page 5 Copyright......Page 6 Brief Contents......Page 17 1 Early Western Civilization, 400,000–1000 B.C.E.......Page 19 2 Near East Empires and the Reemergence of Civilization in Greece, 1000–500 B.C.E.......Page 20 3 The Greek Golden Age, c. 500–c. 400 B.C.E.......Page 21 4 From the Classical to the Hellenistic World, 400–30 B.C.E.......Page 22 5 The Rise of Rome and Its Republic, 753–44 B.C.E.......Page 23 6 The Creation of the Roman Empire, 44 B.C.E.–284 C.E.......Page 24 7 The Transformation of the Roman Empires, 284–600 C.E.......Page 25 8 The Heirs of Rome: Islam, Byzantium, and Europe, 600–750......Page 26 9 From Centralization to Fragmentation, 750–1050......Page 27 10 Commercial Quickening and Religious Reform, 1050–1150......Page 28 11 The Flowering of the Middle Ages, 1150–1215......Page 29 12 The Medieval Synthesis — and Its Cracks, 1215–1340......Page 30 13 Crisis and Renaissance, 1340–1492......Page 31 14 Global Encounters and the Shock of the Reformation, 1492–1560......Page 32 15 Wars of Religion and the Clash of Worldviews, 1560–1648......Page 33 16 Absolutism, Constitutionalism, and the Search for Order, 1640–1700......Page 34 17 The Atlantic System and Its Consequences, 1700–1750......Page 35 18 The Promise of Enlightenment, 1750–1789......Page 36 19 The Cataclysm of Revolution, 1789–1799......Page 37 20 Napoleon and the Revolutionary Legacy, 1800–1830......Page 38 21 Industrialization and Social Ferment, 1830–1850......Page 39 22 Politics and Culture of the Nation-State, 1850–1870......Page 40 23 Empire, Industry, and Everyday Life, 1870–1890......Page 41 24 Modernity and the Road to War, 1890–1914......Page 42 25 World War I and Its Aftermath, 1914–1929......Page 43 26 The Great Depression and World War II, 1929–1945......Page 44 27 The Cold War and the Remaking of Europe, 1945–1960s......Page 45 28 Postindustrial Society and the End of the Cold War Order, 1960s–1989......Page 46 29 A New Globalism, 1989 to the Present......Page 47 Contents......Page 18 Preface......Page 7 Versions and Supplements......Page 13 Maps and Figures......Page 48 LaunchPad Features......Page 53 Authors' Note: The B.C.E./C.E. Dating System......Page 58 World Map......Page 60 Map of Europe......Page 62 Chapter 1 Early Western Civilization, 400,000–1000 B.C.E.......Page 67 Life and Change in the Stone Age......Page 68 The Emergence of Cities in Mesopotamia, 4000–2350 B.C.E.......Page 72 Metals and Empire Making: The Akkadians and the Ur III Dynasty, c. 2350–c. 2000 B.C.E.......Page 76 The Achievements of the Assyrians, the Babylonians, and the Canaanites, 2000–1000 B.C.E.......Page 77 Egypt, the First Unified Country, 3050–1000 B.C.E.......Page 79 From the Unification of Egypt to the Old Kingdom, 3050–2190 B.C.E.......Page 80 The Middle and New Kingdoms in Egypt, 2061–1081 B.C.E.......Page 86 The Hittites, the Minoans, and the Mycenaeans, 2200–1000 B.C.E.......Page 90 The Hittites, 1750–1200 B.C.E.......Page 91 The Minoans, 2200–1400 B.C.E.......Page 92 The Mycenaeans, 1800–1000 B.C.E.......Page 95 The Violent End to Early Western Civilization, 1200–1000 B.C.E.......Page 98 Conclusion......Page 100 Chapter 1 Review......Page 102 Chapter 2 Near East Empires and the Reemergence of Civilization in Greece, 1000–500 B.C.E.......Page 105 From Dark Age to Empire in the Near East, 1000–500 B.C.E.......Page 106 The Neo-Babylonian Empire, 600–539 B.C.E.......Page 107 The Persian Empire, 557–500 B.C.E.......Page 108 The Israelites, Origins to 539 B.C.E.......Page 110 The Greek Dark Age......Page 114 The Values of the Olympic Games......Page 116 Homer, Hesiod, and Divine Justice in Greek Myth......Page 117 The Creation of the Greek City-State, 750–500 B.C.E.......Page 118 Trade and “Colonization,” 800–580 B.C.E.......Page 119 Citizenship and Freedom in the Greek City-State......Page 120 Oligarchy in the City-State of Sparta, 700–500 B.C.E.......Page 128 Tyranny in the City-State of Corinth, 657–585 B.C.E.......Page 131 Democracy in the City-State of Athens, 632–500 B.C.E.......Page 132 New Ways of Th ought and Expression in Greece, 630–500 B.C.E.......Page 134 Conclusion......Page 137 Chapter 2 Review......Page 138 Chapter 3 The Greek Golden Age, c. 500–c. 400 B.C.E.......Page 141 From the Ionian Revolt to the Battle of Marathon, 499–490 B.C.E.......Page 142 The Great Persian Invasion, 480–479 B.C.E.......Page 144 The Establishment of the Athenian Empire......Page 145 Radical Democracy and Pericles' Leadership, 461–431 B.C.E.......Page 147 The Urban Landscape in Athens......Page 149 Religious Tradition in a Period of Change......Page 153 Women, Slaves, and Metics......Page 154 Innovative Ideas in Education, Philosophy, History, and Medicine......Page 157 The Development of Greek Tragedy......Page 163 The Development of Greek Comedy......Page 166 The Peloponnesian War, 431–404 B.C.E.......Page 168 Athens Defeated: Tyranny and Civil War, 404–403 B.C.E.......Page 171 Conclusion......Page 172 Chapter 3 Review......Page 174 Chapter 4 From the Classical to the Hellenistic World, 400–30 B.C.E.......Page 177 Athens's Recovery after the Peloponnesian War......Page 178 The Philosophy of Plato......Page 180 Greek Political Disunity......Page 182 Macedonian Power and Philip II, 359–336 B.C.E.......Page 183 The Rule of Alexander the Great, 336–323 B.C.E.......Page 184 The Hellenistic Kingdoms, 323–30 B.C.E.......Page 186 Creating New Kingdoms......Page 187 The Layers of Hellenistic Society......Page 190 The End of the Hellenistic Kingdoms......Page 192 The Arts under Royal Support......Page 193 Philosophy for a New Age......Page 195 Scientific Innovation......Page 197 Cultural and Religious Transformations......Page 199 Conclusion......Page 202 Chapter 4 Review......Page 204 Chapter 5 The Rise of Rome and Its Republic, 753–44 B.C.E.......Page 207 Roman Moral Values......Page 208 The Patron-Client System......Page 209 The Roman Family......Page 210 Public and Private Religion......Page 212 Roman Society under the Kings, 753–509 B.C.E.......Page 214 The Early Roman Republic, 509–287 B.C.E.......Page 216 Expansion in Italy, 500–220 B.C.E.......Page 220 Wars with Carthage and in the East, 264–121 B.C.E.......Page 222 Greek Influence on Roman Literature and the Arts......Page 224 Stresses on Society from Imperialism......Page 225 The Gracchus Brothers and Violence in Politics, 133–121 B.C.E.......Page 227 Marius and the Origin of Client Armies, 107–100 B.C.E.......Page 228 Sulla and Civil War, 91–78 B.C.E.......Page 229 Julius Caesar and the Collapse of the Republic, 83–44 B.C.E.......Page 231 Conclusion......Page 234 Chapter 5 Review......Page 236 Chapter 6 The Creation of the Roman Empire, 44 B.C.E.–284 C.E.......Page 239 Civil War, 44–27 B.C.E.......Page 240 The Creation of the Principate, 27 B.C.E.–14 C.E.......Page 241 Daily Life in the Rome of Augustus......Page 243 Changes in Education, Literature, and Art in Augustus's Rome......Page 246 The Perpetuation of the Principate after Augustus, 14–180 C.E.......Page 248 Life in the Roman Golden Age, 96–180 C.E.......Page 252 Jesus and His Teachings......Page 257 Growth of a New Religion......Page 260 Competing Religious Beliefs......Page 263 Th reats to the Northern and Eastern Frontiers of the Early Roman Empire......Page 266 Uncontrolled Spending, Natural Disasters, and Political Crisis, 193–284 C.E.......Page 267 Conclusion......Page 269 Chapter 6 Review......Page 272 Chapter 7 The Transformation of the Roman Empire, 284–600 C.E.......Page 275 The Political Transformation and Division of the Roman Empire......Page 276 The Social Consequences of Financial Pressures......Page 279 From the Great Persecution to Religious Freedom......Page 281 Polytheism and Christianity in Competition......Page 282 The Struggle for Clarification in Christian Belief......Page 285 The Emergence of Chris tian Monks......Page 290 Non-Roman Migrations into the Western Roman Empire......Page 293 Social and Cultural Transformation in the Western Roman Empire......Page 298 Imperial Society in the Eastern Roman Empire......Page 300 The Reign of Emperor Justinian, 527–565......Page 303 The Preservation of Classical Traditions in the Late Roman Empire......Page 305 Conclusion......Page 308 Chapter 7 Review......Page 310 Chapter 8 The Heirs of Rome: Islam, Byzantium, and Europe, 600–750......Page 313 Nomads and City Dwellers......Page 314 The Prophet Muhammad and the Faith of Islam......Page 315 Growth of Islam, c. 610–632......Page 316 The Caliphs, Muhammad's Successors, 632–750......Page 317 Peace and Prosperity in Islamic Lands......Page 319 Wars on the Frontiers, c. 570–750......Page 321 From an Urban to a Rural Way of Life......Page 323 Religion, Politics, and Iconoclasm......Page 324 Frankish Kingdoms with Roman Roots......Page 326 Economic Activity in a Peasant Society......Page 330 The Powerful in Merovingian Society......Page 331 Christianity and Classical Culture in the British Isles......Page 334 Unity in Spain, Division in Italy......Page 336 Political Tensions and the Power of the Pope......Page 337 Conclusion......Page 338 Chapter 8 Review......Page 340 Chapter 9 From Centralization to Fragmentation, 750–1050......Page 343 The Byzantine Emperor and Local Elites......Page 344 Imperial Power......Page 345 The Macedonian Renaissance, c. 870–c. 1025......Page 346 The Formation of Eastern Europe and Kievan Rus......Page 347 The Abbasid Caliphate, 750–936......Page 349 Regional Diversity in Islamic Lands......Page 350 Unity of Commerce and Language......Page 352 The Carolingian Empire......Page 353 The Rise of the Carolingians......Page 354 Charlemagne and His Kingdom, 768–814......Page 355 The Carolingian Renaissance, c. 790–c. 900......Page 357 Charlemagne's Successors, 814–911......Page 358 Land and Power......Page 359 Viking, Muslim, and Magyar Invasions, c. 790–955......Page 361 Public Power and Private Relationships......Page 363 Warriors and Warfare......Page 366 Efforts to Contain Violence......Page 367 Political Communities in Italy, England, and France......Page 368 Emperors and Kings in Central and Eastern Europe......Page 370 Conclusion......Page 373 Chapter 9 Review......Page 374 Chapter 10 Commercial Quickening and Religious Reform, 1050–1150......Page 377 Fairs, Towns, and Cities......Page 378 Organizing Crafts and Commerce......Page 382 Communes: Self-Government for the Towns......Page 383 The Commercial Revolution in the Countryside......Page 384 Beginnings of Reform......Page 385 The Gregorian Reform and the Investiture Conflict, 1075–1122......Page 388 The Sweep of Reform......Page 391 New Monastic Orders of Poverty......Page 393 The Crusades......Page 395 Calling the Crusade......Page 396 The First Crusade......Page 398 The Crusader States......Page 399 The Disastrous Second Crusade......Page 400 The Revival of Monarchies......Page 401 England under Norman Rule......Page 402 Praising the King of France......Page 404 Surviving as Emperor......Page 405 Conclusion......Page 406 Chapter 10 Review......Page 408 Chapter 11 The Flowering of the Middle Ages, 1150–1215......Page 411 The New Learning and the Rise of the University......Page 412 Architectural Style: From Romanesque to Gothic......Page 415 England: Unity through Common Law......Page 419 France: Consolidation and Conquest......Page 423 Germany: The Revived Monarchy of Frederick Barbarossa......Page 424 Eastern Europe and Byzantium: Fragmenting Realms......Page 427 The Troubadours: Poets of Love and Play......Page 428 The Birth of Epic and Romance Literature......Page 430 Religious Fervor and Crusade......Page 431 New Religious Orders in the Cities......Page 432 Disastrous Crusades to the Holy Land......Page 434 Victorious Crusades in Europe and on Its Frontiers......Page 435 Conclusion......Page 438 Chapter 11 Review......Page 440 Chapter 12 The Medieval Synthesis — and Its Cracks, 1215–1340......Page 443 Innocent III and the Fourth Lateran Council......Page 444 Lay Piety......Page 446 Jews and Lepers as Outcasts......Page 447 The Achievement of Scholasticism......Page 449 New Syntheses in Writing and Music......Page 451 Gothic Art......Page 453 The Politics of Control......Page 454 The Weakening of the Empire......Page 456 Louis IX and a New Ideal of Kingship......Page 457 The Birth of Representative Institutions......Page 460 The Weakening of the Papacy......Page 461 The Rise of the Signori......Page 463 The Mongol Takeover......Page 464 The Great Famine......Page 466 Conclusion......Page 468 Chapter 12 Review......Page 470 Chapter 13 Crisis and Renaissance, 1340–1492......Page 473 The Black Death, 1347–1352......Page 474 The Hundred Years' War, 1337–1453......Page 477 The Ottoman Conquest of Constantinople, 1453......Page 481 The Great Schism, 1378–1417......Page 482 The Renaissance: New Forms of Thought and Expression......Page 485 Renaissance Humanism......Page 486 The Arts......Page 487 Consolidating Power......Page 492 New Political Formations in Eastern Europe......Page 493 Powerful States in Western Europe......Page 494 Power in the Republics......Page 496 The Tools of Power......Page 499 Conclusion......Page 500 Chapter 13 Review......Page 502 Chapter 14 Global Encounters and the Shock of the Reformation, 1492–1560......Page 505 Portuguese Explorations......Page 506 A New Era in Slavery......Page 508 Conquering the New World......Page 509 The Columbian Exchange......Page 510 The Invention of Printing......Page 511 Popular Piety and Christian Humanism......Page 512 Martin Luther's Challenge......Page 514 Protestantism Spreads and Divides......Page 516 The Contested Church of England......Page 517 Protestant Challenges to the Social Order......Page 519 New Forms of Discipline......Page 521 Catholic Renewal......Page 523 Courtiers and Princes......Page 525 Dynastic Wars......Page 527 Financing War......Page 529 Divided Realms......Page 530 Conclusion......Page 532 Chapter 14 Review......Page 534 Chapter 15 Wars of Religion and the Clash of Worldviews, 1560–1648......Page 537 French Wars of Religion, 1562–1598......Page 538 Dutch Revolt against Spain......Page 540 Elizabeth I's Defense of English Protestantism......Page 543 The Clash of Faiths and Empires in Eastern Europe......Page 545 Origins and Course of the War......Page 546 The Effects of Constant Fighting......Page 547 The Peace of Westphalia, 1648......Page 548 From Growth to Recession......Page 551 Consequences for Daily Life......Page 552 The Economic Balance of Power......Page 554 The Rise of Science and a Scientific Worldview......Page 556 The Scientific Revolution......Page 557 The Natural Laws of Politics......Page 560 The Arts in an Age of Crisis......Page 561 Magic and Witchcraft......Page 563 Conclusion......Page 564 Chapter 15 Review......Page 566 Chapter 16 Absolutism, Constitutionalism, and the Search for Order, 1640–1700......Page 569 The Fronde, 1648–1653......Page 570 Court Culture as an Element of Absolutism......Page 572 Enforcing Religious Orthodoxy......Page 573 Extending State Authority at Home and Abroad......Page 574 England Turned Upside Down, 1642–1660......Page 578 Restoration and Revolution Again......Page 582 Social Contract Theory: Hobbes and Locke......Page 584 The Dutch Republic......Page 585 Freedom and Slavery in the New World......Page 588 Poland-Lithuania Overwhelmed......Page 589 Brandenburg-Prussia: Militaristic Absolutism......Page 590 An Uneasy Balance: Austrian Habsburgs and Ottoman Turks......Page 591 Russia: Setting the Foundations of Bureaucratic Absolutism......Page 592 Freedom and Constraint in the Arts and Sciences......Page 594 Women and Manners......Page 597 Reforming Popular Culture......Page 599 Conclusion......Page 600 Chapter 16 Review......Page 602 Chapter 17 The Atlantic System and Its Consequences, 1700–1750......Page 605 Slavery and the Atlantic System......Page 606 World Trade and Settlement......Page 610 The Birth of Consumer Society......Page 612 Agricultural Revolution......Page 614 Social Life in the Cities......Page 615 New Tastes in the Arts......Page 618 Religious Revivals......Page 619 A New Power Alignment......Page 620 British Rise and Dutch Decline......Page 621 Russia's Emergence as a European Power......Page 624 Continuing Dynastic Struggles......Page 627 The Power of Diplomacy and the Importance of Population......Page 628 Popularization of Science and Challenges to Religion......Page 630 Travel Literature and the Challenge to Custom and Tradition......Page 632 Raising the Woman Question......Page 634 Conclusion......Page 635 Chapter 17 Review......Page 636 Chapter 18 The Promise of Enlightenment, 1750–1789......Page 639 Men and Women of the Republic of Letters......Page 640 Conflicts with Church and State......Page 642 The Individual and Society......Page 644 Spreading the Enlightenment......Page 646 The Limits of Reason: Roots of Romanticism and Religious Revival......Page 648 Society and Culture in an Age of Enlightenment......Page 649 The Nobility's Reassertion of Privilege......Page 650 The Middle Class and the Making of a New Elite......Page 651 Life on the Margins......Page 654 War and Diplomacy......Page 656 State-Sponsored Reform......Page 659 Limits of Reform......Page 661 Food Riots and Peasant Uprisings......Page 662 Public Opinion and Political Opposition......Page 663 Revolution in North America......Page 665 Conclusion......Page 667 Chapter 18 Review......Page 668 Chapter 19 The Cataclysm of Revolution, 1789–1799......Page 671 Protesters in the Low Countries and Poland......Page 672 Origins of the French Revolution, 1787–1789......Page 673 The Revolution of Rights and Reason......Page 678 The End of Monarchy......Page 681 Terror and Resistance......Page 683 Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety......Page 684 The Republic of Virtue, 1793–1794......Page 685 Resisting the Revolution......Page 688 The Fall of Robespierre and the End of the Terror......Page 689 Arms and Conquests......Page 692 Poland Extinguished, 1793–1795......Page 694 Revolution in the Colonies......Page 695 Worldwide Reactions to Revolutionary Change......Page 697 Conclusion......Page 698 Chapter 19 Review......Page 700 Chapter 20 Napoleon and the Revolutionary Legacy, 1800–1830......Page 703 A General Takes Over......Page 704 From Republic to Empire......Page 705 The New Paternalism: The Civil Code......Page 708 Patronage of Science and Intellectual Life......Page 709 The Grand Army and Its Victories, 1800–1807......Page 710 The Impact of French Victories......Page 713 From Russian Winter to Final Defeat, 1812–1815......Page 716 The Congress of Vienna, 1814–1815......Page 718 The Emergence of Conservatism......Page 721 The Revival of Religion......Page 722 Romanticism......Page 723 Political Revolts in the 1820s......Page 726 Revolution and Reform, 1830–1832......Page 730 Conclusion......Page 732 Chapter 20 Review......Page 734 Chapter 21 Industrialization and Social Ferment, 1830–1850......Page 737 Roots of Industrialization......Page 738 Engines of Change......Page 740 Urbanization and Its Consequences......Page 744 Agricultural Perils and Prosperity......Page 746 Cultural Responses to the Social Question......Page 747 The Varieties of Social Reform......Page 751 Abuses and Reforms Overseas......Page 753 The Spell of Nationalism......Page 755 Liberalism in Economics and Politics......Page 757 Socialism and the Early Labor Movement......Page 759 The Revolutions of 1848......Page 761 Another French Revolution......Page 762 Revolt and Reaction in Central Europe......Page 764 Aft ermath to 1848: Reimposing Authority......Page 766 Conclusion......Page 767 Chapter 21 Review......Page 770 Chapter 22 Politics and Culture of the Nation-State, 1850–1870......Page 773 The End of the Concert of Europe......Page 774 Napoleon III and the Quest for French Glory......Page 775 The Crimean War, 1853–1856: Turning Point in European Affairs......Page 776 Reform in Russia......Page 777 War and Nation Building......Page 780 Cavour, Garibaldi, and the Process of Italian Unification......Page 781 Bismarck and the Realpolitik of German Unification......Page 783 Francis Joseph and the Creation of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy......Page 786 Political Stability through Gradual Reform in Great Britain......Page 787 Nation Building in North America......Page 788 Bringing Order to the Cities......Page 790 Expanding Government Bureaucracy......Page 791 Schooling and Professionalizing Society......Page 792 Spreading National Power and Order beyond the West......Page 793 Contesting the Nation-State's Order at Home......Page 795 The Culture of Social Order......Page 797 The Arts Confront Social Reality......Page 798 Religion and National Order......Page 800 From the Natural Sciences to Social Science......Page 803 Conclusion......Page 804 Chapter 22 Review......Page 806 Chapter 23 Empire, Industry, and Everyday Life, 1870–1890......Page 809 The New Imperialism......Page 810 The Scramble for Africa — North and South......Page 811 Acquiring Territory in Asia......Page 814 Japan's Imperial Agenda......Page 815 The Paradoxes of Imperialism......Page 816 Industrial Innovation......Page 819 Facing Economic Crisis......Page 822 Revolution in Business Practices......Page 823 The "Best Circles" and the Expanding Middle Class......Page 825 Working People's Strategies......Page 826 National Fitness: Reform, Sports, and Leisure......Page 828 Artistic Responses to Empire and Industry......Page 829 The Birth of Mass Politics......Page 831 Workers, Politics, and Protest......Page 832 Expanding Political Participation in Western Europe......Page 834 Power Politics in Central and Eastern Europe......Page 837 Conclusion......Page 842 Chapter 23 Review......Page 844 Chapter 24 Modernity and the Road to War, 1890–1914......Page 847 Public Debate over Private Life......Page 848 Population Pressure......Page 849 Reforming Marriage......Page 850 New Women, New Men, and the Politics of Sexual Identity......Page 851 Sciences of the Modern Self......Page 852 Modernity and the Revolt in Ideas......Page 854 The Revolution in Science......Page 855 Modern Art......Page 856 Growing Tensions in Mass Politics......Page 858 The Expanding Power of Labor......Page 859 Rights for Women and the Battle for Suffrage......Page 860 Liberalism Tested......Page 862 Anti-Semitism, Nationalism, and Zionism in Mass Politics......Page 863 The Trials of Empire......Page 867 The Russian Empire Threatened......Page 871 Growing Resistance to Colonial Domination......Page 872 Competing Alliances and Clashing Ambitions......Page 874 The Race to Arms......Page 877 1914: War Erupts......Page 878 Conclusion......Page 880 Chapter 24 Review......Page 882 Chapter 25 World War I and Its Aftermath, 1914–1929......Page 885 Blueprints for War......Page 886 The Battlefronts......Page 889 The Home Front......Page 891 Revolution in Russia......Page 894 Ending the War, 1918......Page 898 Europe in Turmoil......Page 899 The Paris Peace Conference, 1919–1920......Page 900 Economic and Diplomatic Consequences of the Peace......Page 902 A Decade of Recovery: Europe in the 1920s......Page 904 Changes in the Political Landscape......Page 905 Reconstructing the Economy......Page 908 Restoring Society......Page 909 Culture for the Masses......Page 911 Cultural Debates over the Future......Page 913 The Communist Utopia......Page 915 Fascism on the March in Italy......Page 916 Conclusion......Page 918 Chapter 25 Review......Page 920 Chapter 26 The Great Depression and World War II, 1929–1945......Page 923 Economic Disaster Strikes......Page 924 The Great Depression beyond the West......Page 926 Totalitarian Triumph......Page 928 The Rise of Stalinism......Page 929 Hitler's Rise to Power......Page 931 The Nazification of German Politics......Page 932 Nazi Racism......Page 934 Confronting the Economic Crisis......Page 935 Cultural Visions in Hard Times......Page 938 A Surge in Global Imperialism......Page 939 The Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939......Page 941 Hitler's Conquest of Central Europe, 1938–1939......Page 942 The German Onslaught......Page 945 The War against Civilians......Page 947 Societies at War......Page 950 From Resistance to Allied Victory......Page 951 An Uneasy Postwar Settlement......Page 956 Conclusion......Page 957 Chapter 26 Review......Page 960 Chapter 27 The Cold War and the Remaking of Europe, 1945–1960s......Page 963 World Politics Transformed......Page 964 Chaos in Europe......Page 965 New Superpowers: The United States and the Soviet Union......Page 966 Origins of the Cold War......Page 967 The Division of Germany......Page 970 Dealing with Nazism......Page 972 Rebirth of the West......Page 974 The Welfare State: Common Ground East and West......Page 977 Recovery in the East......Page 979 Decolonization in a Cold War Climate......Page 981 The End of Empire in Asia......Page 982 The Struggle for Identity in the Middle East......Page 984 New Nations in Africa......Page 985 Newcomers Arrive in Europe......Page 987 Restoring "Western" Values......Page 989 Cold War Consumerism and Shifting Gender Norms......Page 991 The Culture of Cold War......Page 994 The Atomic Brink......Page 995 Conclusion......Page 996 Chapter 27 Review......Page 998 Chapter 28 Postindustrial Society and the End of the Cold War Order, 1960s–1989......Page 1001 The Information Age: Television and Computers......Page 1002 The Space Age......Page 1004 The Nuclear Age......Page 1005 Revolutions in Biology and Reproductive Technology......Page 1006 Postindustrial Society and Culture......Page 1007 The New Worker......Page 1008 The Boom in Education and Research......Page 1009 Changing Family Life and the Generation Gap......Page 1010 Art, Ideas, and Religion in a Technocratic Society......Page 1011 Cracks in the Cold War Order......Page 1013 The Growth of Citizen Activism......Page 1016 1968: Year of Crisis......Page 1018 A Changing Balance of World Power......Page 1021 The Western Bloc Meets Challenges with Reform......Page 1023 Collapse of Communism in the Soviet Bloc......Page 1027 Conclusion......Page 1032 Chapter 28 Review......Page 1034 Chapter 29 A New Globalism, 1989 to the Present......Page 1037 Collapse of the Soviet Union and Its Aftermath......Page 1038 The Breakup of Yugoslavia......Page 1039 The Soviet Union Comes Apart......Page 1041 Toward a Market Economy......Page 1043 International Politics and the New Russia......Page 1044 Europe Looks beyond the Nation-State......Page 1045 Globalizing Cities and Fragmenting Nations......Page 1048 Global Organizations......Page 1049 The Problems of Pollution......Page 1050 Population, Health, and Disease......Page 1052 North versus South?......Page 1053 Radical Islam Meets the West......Page 1054 The Promise and Problems of a World Economy......Page 1057 Global Culture and Society in the Twenty-First Century......Page 1060 Redefining the West: The Impact of Global Migration......Page 1061 Global Networks and the Economy......Page 1062 A New Global Culture?......Page 1063 Conclusion......Page 1069 Chapter 29 Review......Page 1072