The making of South Africa : culture and politics

This is the eBook of the printed book and may not include any media, website access codes, or print supplements that may come packaged with the bound book. A survey of South African history from the formation of early human communities to the present. The Making of South Africa provides a detailed understanding of all the forces that have shaped South Africa to date. It represents a valuable and unique addition to the field by emphasizing African voices as well as recent developments in South Africa, including analyses on the post-transition political change, the World Cup of soccer, and pubic health issues. The text incorporates important new perspectives on South African geography and the spatial dimensions of segregation and apartheid. It also covers environmental studies and the dynamic literature on identities and ethnicity while highlighting how Europeans and Africans shaped the environment, politics, and the economy to develop a complex multi-ethnic nation. Learning Goals Upon completing this book readers will be able to: Understand how South Africa became the nation it is today View South African history from the point of view of Africans as well as Europeans who have settled there Assess the impact of cultural, political, social, economic, geographical, environmental, and health-related forces on South African history Note: MySearchLab does not come automatically packaged with this text. To purchase MySearchLab, please visit: www.mysearchlab.com or you can purchase a ValuePack of the text + MySearchLab (at no additional cost): ValuePack ISBN-10: 0205168655 / ValuePack ISBN-13: 9780205168651. Cover......Page 1 Title Page......Page 2 Copyright Page......Page 3 Contents......Page 4 MySearchLab Connections: Sources Online......Page 10 Maps......Page 14 Illustrations......Page 16 Abbreviations......Page 18 Preface......Page 20 Acknowledgments......Page 24 I. THE SETTING: CLIMATE, GEOGRAPHY, AND PEOPLE IN SOUTH AFRICA......Page 26 The Environment......Page 27 Human Communities: The San and the Khoe......Page 31 The First Farmers......Page 35 Farming Society......Page 37 Conclusion......Page 43 Questions to Consider......Page 44 Further Readings......Page 45 Chapter Web Links......Page 46 MySearchLab Connections: Sources Online......Page 47 II. EARLY CONFLICT AND INTERDEPENDENCE: THE KHOESAN, THE XHOSA, AND THE ESTABLISHMENT AND EXPANSION OF THE CAPE COLONY......Page 49 Earliest Contact: Portuguese Forays and Khoe Responses......Page 50 The Dutch East India Company (VOC) and Company Rule......Page 52 White Settlement and Khoe Resistance......Page 57 Slavery at the Cape......Page 60 Relations in the Zones of Interaction......Page 62 Whites and the Griqua in the Interior......Page 65 The Xhosa and the White Settlers......Page 67 Conclusion......Page 69 Further Readings......Page 71 Chapter Web Links......Page 72 MySearchLab Connections: Sources Online......Page 74 III. THE BRITISH AND THE EXPANDING CAPE: CONTINUITIES AND CONTRASTS......Page 76 The Arrival of the British......Page 78 Abolition......Page 79 Reform and Labor......Page 81 British Settlers......Page 85 The Missionary Enterprise......Page 87 Xhosa Crises: Interaction with the Settlers and Civil War......Page 93 Conclusion......Page 97 Questions to Consider......Page 99 Further Readings......Page 100 Chapter Web Links......Page 101 MySearchLab Connections: Sources Online......Page 102 IV. THE MAKING OF NEW STATES......Page 104 Nguni-Speaking Chiefdoms......Page 106 The Rise of the Zulu Kingdom......Page 108 Developments in the Interior......Page 115 Mass Movements and New States......Page 119 Moshoeshoe and the Sotho......Page 120 Mzilikazi and the Ndebele......Page 122 Matiwane’s Ngwane and the British......Page 124 British Policy and the Xhosa......Page 126 The Boer/Afrikaner Great Trek......Page 127 Piet Retief and the Zulu Kingdom......Page 132 Conclusion......Page 135 Further Readings......Page 136 MySearchLab Connections: Sources Online......Page 138 V. AFRICANS, AFRIKANERS, AND THE BRITISH IN THE INTERIOR, 1830–1870......Page 140 African States and the Trekker Republics......Page 141 The Afrikaner Republics......Page 144 Africans and British Policy Initiatives: Segregation and Indirect Rule......Page 147 African States, White Settlers, Imperial Authorities and the Xhosa Crisis......Page 153 The Sotho, the Afrikaners and British Intervention on the Highveld......Page 156 British Policy Reversals and the Sotho-Orange Free State War......Page 158 Conclusion......Page 161 Further Readings......Page 162 MySearchLab Connections: Sources Online......Page 164 VI. THE FIRST PHASE OF SOUTH AFRICAN INDUSTRIALIZATION......Page 166 The Development of Diamond Mining......Page 169 African Men and Women and the Impact of Diamond Mining......Page 172 Imperial Designs, Local Politics, and Confederation Schemes......Page 176 British Imperialism, Afrikaner Republican Resistance, and the Pedi Kingdom......Page 179 The Final Phases of Conquest......Page 182 The Sotho and Zulu Resistance......Page 186 Conclusion......Page 192 Questions to Consider......Page 193 Further Readings......Page 194 Chapter Web Links......Page 195 MySearchLab Connections: Sources Online......Page 196 VII. THE SECOND PHASE OF SOUTH AFRICAN INDUSTRIALIZATION: GOLD MINING AND THE CREATION OF A UNIFIED WHITE STATE......Page 198 The Nature of Gold Mining and African Migrant Labor......Page 199 African Society and Migrant Labor......Page 201 The Politics of Mining: The Afrikaners, the British, and Rhodes......Page 204 The South African War or The Second Anglo-Boer War......Page 210 Peace, Reconstruction, and the Building of the White State......Page 213 African Resistance and African Labor......Page 215 Conclusion......Page 219 Further Readings......Page 220 Chapter Web Links......Page 222 MySearchLab Connections: Sources Online......Page 223 VIII. FROM UNION TO APARTHEID: THE CONSOLIDATION OF A WHITE STATE AND THE RISE OF AFRICAN OPPOSITION, 1910–1948......Page 225 White Politics and the State......Page 227 Segregation Legislation and African Communities......Page 232 Opposition Movements and the Roots of African Nationalism......Page 237 Rural African Opposition......Page 246 Conclusion......Page 249 Questions to Consider......Page 250 Further Readings......Page 251 Chapter Web Links......Page 252 MySearchLab Connections: Sources Online......Page 253 IX. APARTHEID AND SOUTH AFRICAN SOCIETY......Page 255 The Nationalists and Apartheid......Page 256 Blacks and Apartheid Policies......Page 260 African Society and the Impact of Apartheid......Page 264 The Homelands......Page 271 Opposition Politics: Strategy and Tactics......Page 277 Women’s Resistance and Rural Protests......Page 280 Rising Tensions, State Repression, and Radicalism......Page 281 South Africa in the Global Context......Page 286 Conclusion......Page 287 Questions to Consider......Page 288 Further Readings......Page 289 Chapter Web Links......Page 290 MySearchLab Connections: Sources Online......Page 292 X. THE AFRICAN TRANSFORMATION OF SOUTH AFRICA, 1976–1994......Page 294 The South African Security State and Regional Politics......Page 295 Resistance from Below and the Failure of “Reform”......Page 298 The Rejection of “Reform”: Uprisings and Opposition Tensions......Page 303 Mounting Pressures and the Road to Negotiations......Page 309 Negotiations and the Road to Democratic Elections......Page 311 Conclusion......Page 320 Questions to Consider......Page 322 Further Readings......Page 323 Chapter Web Links......Page 324 MySearchLab Connections: Sources Online......Page 325 XI. THE NEW SOUTH AFRICA, 1994–2004......Page 327 The New Government and the Ascendancy of the ANC......Page 329 The Economy......Page 334 Looking Back, Healing, and Moving Forward: The TRC and the Land Question......Page 337 Health and Social Challenges: HIV/AIDS and Crime......Page 342 Conclusion......Page 347 Further Readings......Page 350 MySearchLab Connections: Sources Online......Page 352 XII. POSTSCRIPT: GROWING PAINS IN THE RAINBOW NATION......Page 354 Recovering the Past......Page 355 Politics and the Presidency, 2004–2010......Page 358 Post-Transition Economic and Social Challenges......Page 361 The Persistent Problem of Crime......Page 362 The State and the People: The Challenge of Redistribution......Page 364 AIDS and Public Health Challenges......Page 366 South Africa and Its Neighbors: Xenophobia......Page 369 World Cup Soccer Comes to South Africa......Page 371 Conclusion......Page 373 Chapter Web Links......Page 375 MySearchLab Connections: Sources Online......Page 376 C......Page 377 W......Page 378 References......Page 379 Online Resources......Page 385 B......Page 387 C......Page 388 E......Page 389 H......Page 390 M......Page 391 N......Page 392 R......Page 393 S......Page 394 U......Page 395 Z......Page 396 A survey of South African history from the formation of early human communities to the present. The Making of South Africa provides a detailed understanding of all the forces that have shaped South Africa to date. It represents a valuable and unique addition to the field by emphasizing African voices as well as recent developments in South Africa, including analyses on the post-transition political change, the World Cup of soccer, and public health issues. The text incorporates important new perspectives on South African geography and the spatial dimensions of segregation and apartheid. It also covers environmental studies and the dynamic literature on identities and ethnicity while highlighting how Europeans and Africans shaped the environment, politics, and the economy to develop a complex multi-ethnic nation. Dr. Aran S. MacKinnon is Professor of African History, and Chair of the Department of History and Geography at Georgia College. Publisher's note