The Making of Peace : Rulers, States, and the Aftermath of War

The Making of Peace represents a fascinating contribution to the study of war: namely, the difficulties that statesmen have confronted in attempting to put back together the pieces after a major conflict. These essays examine how Western belligerents have addressed – or failed to address – the making of peace across a span of two and a half millennia and in contests reflecting a broad range of prompting disputes. Some efforts produced at best a momentary suspension of hostilities. Others transformed the very context of international relations. Defined more modestly, however, as the control and moderation of violence, some peacemaking efforts were notably more successful than others. This study also serves as a first draft of a guide for those who will confront the equally difficult task of maintaining the peace, once achieved. It contains path-breaking essays by leading historians of the United States and the United Kingdom. Cover......Page 1 Half-title......Page 3 Title......Page 5 Copyright......Page 6 Contents......Page 7 Preface: concluding peace......Page 9 1 Introduction: searching for peace......Page 17 The historical background: ancient and medieval......Page 22 Problems with the making of peace......Page 30 The nature of war......Page 33 War's human legacy......Page 36 The context of peace making......Page 37 The problem of memory and ahistoricism......Page 39 Conclusion......Page 43 2 The Peace of Nicias......Page 47 By land and by sea......Page 49 The spartan disposition......Page 51 The spartan alliance......Page 56 The corinthian conundrum......Page 60 Pericles' calculated risk......Page 67 Grand strategy......Page 76 The peace of nicias......Page 83 3 "A swift and sure peace": the Congress of Westphalia 1643-1648......Page 87 Pacifying the empire......Page 98 Pomerania......Page 103 Alsace, navarre, and lorraine......Page 105 Outcome......Page 109 The past as future......Page 117 Thinking of peace......Page 122 The making of the treaty of paris......Page 124 The unintended effects of peace making......Page 135 Conclusion......Page 143 5 In search of military repose: the Congress of Vienna and the making of peace......Page 147 War and its environment......Page 148 Background to the congress......Page 151 The congress......Page 157 The fallout......Page 165 Conclusion......Page 170 6 War and peace in the post-Civil War South......Page 176 Conclusion......Page 191 7 Vae victoribus: Bismarck’s quest for peace in the Franco-Prussian War, 1870–1871......Page 193 Conclusion......Page 220 8 Versailles: the peace without a chance......Page 225 The context of the war......Page 226 The Outbreak of War......Page 227 The Conduct of War and Military Necessity......Page 231 The War’s End: March 1918–November 1918......Page 235 The making of the european peace: versailles 1919......Page 238 Russian and eastern european problems......Page 247 The german problem......Page 250 The failure of versailles and the coming of the second world war......Page 253 9 "Building buffers and filling vacuums": Great Britain and the Middle East, 1914–1922......Page 256 Traditional themes and changing circumstances......Page 257 Recruiting the arabs......Page 259 Syria and the sykes-picot agreement......Page 263 Mesopotamia: the "forward" impetus......Page 265 Palestine: racial, financial, and strategic reasoning......Page 267 A new imperialism?......Page 269 Reassembling the pieces and making the peace......Page 271 The causes of failure......Page 277 10 Mission improbable, fear, culture, and interest: peace making, 1943–1949......Page 281 Cold war studies......Page 283 The argument......Page 287 The cold war cometh......Page 292 The historical context......Page 298 Difficulties: thucydides was right......Page 302 Conclusion: the cold war peace......Page 305 11 The economic making of peace......Page 309 Lend lease......Page 312 Bretton woods......Page 314 What of germany?......Page 318 Japan's economic rebirth......Page 322 Who lost china?......Page 325 The british loan......Page 327 Marshall plan: the genesis......Page 330 Europe in need......Page 333 Europe reacts......Page 334 The marshall plan results......Page 336 12 Ending the Cold War......Page 339 Evaluating the cold war's end......Page 340 Why the cold war ended......Page 342 Unfinished business......Page 350 America's war aims......Page 352 The fall of the soviet union......Page 357 New world disorder......Page 361 The threat america missed......Page 365 Conclusion......Page 370 13 Conclusion: history and the making of peace......Page 372 Index......Page 385 The Making Of Peace Represents A Fascinating Contribution To The Study Of War: Namely, The Difficulties That Statesmen Have Confronted In Attempting To Put Back Together The Pieces After A Major Conflict. These Essays Examine How Western Belligerents Have Addressed -- Or Failed To Address -- The Making Of Peace Across A Span Of Two And A Half Millennia And In Contests Reflecting A Broad Range Of Prompting Disputes. Some Efforts Produced At Best A Momentary Suspension Of Hostilities. Others Transformed The Very Context Of International Relations. Defined More Modestly, However, As The Control And Moderation Of Violence, Some Peacemaking Efforts Were Notably More Successful Than Others. This Study Also Serves As A First Draft Of A Guide For Those Who Will Confront The Equally Difficult Task Of Maintaining The Peace, Once Achieved.--back Cover. The Peace Of Nicias / Paul H. Rahe -- A Swift And Sure Peace: The Congress Of Westphalia 1643-1648 / Derek Croxton And Geoffrey Parker -- The Peace Of Paris, 1763 / Fred Anderson -- In Search Of Military Repose: The Congress Of Vienna And The Making Of Peace / Richard Hart Sinnreich -- War And Peace In The Post-civil War South / James M. Mcpherson -- Vae Victoribus: Bismarck's Quest For Peace In The Franco-prussian War, 1870-1871 / Marcus Jones -- Versailles: The Peace Without A Chance / Williamson Murray -- Building Buffers And Filling Vacuums: Great Britain And The Middle East, 1914-1922 / John Gooch -- Mission Improbable, Fear, Culture, And Interest: Peace Making, 1943-1949 / Colin Gray -- The Economic Making Of Peace / James Lacey -- Ending The Cold War / Frederick W. Kagan. Edited By Williamson Murray, Jim Lacey. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. "The Making of Peace represents a fascinating contribution to the study of war: namely, the difficulties that statesmen have confronted in attempting to put back together the pieces after a major conflict. These essays examine how Western belligerents have addressed -- or failed to address -- the making of peace across a span of two and a half millennia and in contests reflecting a broad range of prompting disputes. Some efforts produced at best a momentary suspension of hostilities. Others transformed the very context of international relations. Defined more modestly, however, as the control and moderation of violence, some peacemaking efforts were notably more successful than others. This study also serves as a first draft of a guide for those who will confront the equally difficult task of maintaining the peace, once achieved."-- Quatrième de couverture The Making of Peace represents a unique contribution to the study of war: namely, the difficulties that statesman have confronted in attempting to put back together the pieces after a major conflict. It contains a number of case studies by many leading historians in the United States and the United Kingdom.