The Magnetic Field of the Earth's Lithosphere: The Satellite Perspective

Many geological features of the Earth's lithosphere create variations in the Earth's magnetic field that can be detected by satellites. The resulting magnetic anomaly maps can provide new insights into the tectonic features and broad structures of the lithosphere. This book documents the acquisition, reduction and analysis of satellite magnetic field data in the study of the Earth's lithosphere. The text considers issues of interpreting data, summarizes various interpretation methods, considers rock magnetism concepts and sources of variation in magnetism, and provides a complete summary of published maps and the methods used to create them. Mapping and interpreting lithospheric fields from satellite magnetic data has resulted in the new subdiscipline of geomagnetism. Advanced students and researchers will find that The Magnetic Field of the Earth's Lithosphere provides a much needed review of this important topic. Cover......Page 1 Frontmatter......Page 2 Contents......Page 6 Preface......Page 14 1.0 Introduction......Page 18 1.1 The Magnetic Field from the Lithosphere of the Earth......Page 22 1.2 Introduction to Anomaly Maps......Page 26 1.3 General Characteristics of Satellite Data......Page 30 2.0 Introduction......Page 35 2.1 The Field from the Earth's Core......Page 37 2.2 The Field from Sources External to the Earth......Page 43 2.3 The Measured Field at Satellite Altitude......Page 54 3.0 Introduction to Satellite Data......Page 57 3.1 Magnetometers......Page 58 3.2 Error Sources......Page 59 3.3 Satellites Measuring the Near-Earth Magnetic Field......Page 63 3.4 Satellites Contributing to Lithospheric Magnetic Field Studies......Page 65 3.5 Data-Processing Issues......Page 68 4.0 Long-Wavelength Magnetic Anomalies......Page 73 4.1 Notation and Procedure......Page 75 4.2 Selection of Quiet Data......Page 76 4.3 Isolation from the Main Field......Page 78 4.4 Analysis of Long-Wavelength Trends......Page 87 4.5 Wavelength Domain Estimation for the Common Signal in Multiple Sources......Page 94 4.6 Analytics of Lithospheric and Ionospheric Fields......Page 104 4.7 Models of the Equatorial Electrojet from Magsat Data......Page 114 4.8 A High-Latitude Disturbance Model......Page 121 4.10 A Recommended Procedure......Page 125 5.0 Overview......Page 128 5.1 The Fundamental Inversion Problem......Page 130 5.2 Basics of Estimation......Page 141 5.3 Local Models......Page 146 5.4 Global Models......Page 156 5.5 Dealing with Instability: Principal-Component Analysis......Page 161 5.6 Dealing with Instability: Minimum-Norm Solutions......Page 167 5.7 An Estimate of the Potential Function and Susceptibility......Page 183 5.8 The Usefulness of Vector Data......Page 188 5.9 Summary......Page 191 Appendix 5.1: Calculation of Derivatives of the Trace of Matrix Products......Page 192 Appendix 5.2: Vector and Hilbert Spaces......Page 193 Appendix 5.3: Calculation of Elements of the Gram Matrix [LOGICAL AND]......Page 196 6.0 Introduction......Page 201 6.1 Tabulation of Published Maps......Page 202 6.2 Scalar Maps at Low and Middle Latitudes......Page 216 6.3 Vector Maps at Low and Middle Latitudes......Page 225 6.4 Maps of the Polar Regions......Page 232 6.5 Comparisons Between Maps......Page 240 6.6 Comparisons of Satellite and Surface Surveys......Page 250 6.7 Global Interpretive Maps......Page 260 6.8 Regional Maps......Page 261 6.9 Summary and Recommendations......Page 265 7.0 Introduction......Page 267 7.1 Sources of Magnetization Contrasts......Page 268 7.2 Lithospheric Magnetization......Page 280 7.3 Summary......Page 289 8.0 Introduction......Page 291 8.1 Qualitative/Semi-Quantitative Methods......Page 292 8.2 Quantitative Methods, Forward Modeling......Page 296 8.3 Typical Magnetic Anomalies......Page 310 8.4 Horizontal Resolution......Page 316 8.5 Global Magnetization with A Priori Information......Page 319 8.6 Discussion......Page 328 9.1 Implications of the SEMM for Interpretation......Page 329 9.2 North America......Page 332 9.3 Africa......Page 355 9.4 Australia......Page 367 9.5 Europe......Page 372 9.6 Oceans......Page 386 9.7 Summary......Page 393 Appendix 9.1: References to Regional Studies......Page 396 Glossary of Symbols......Page 400 Common Abbreviations......Page 410 References......Page 412 Index......Page 434 "This book documents the acquisition, reduction, and analysis of satellite magnetic field data in the study of the earth's lithosphere. The isolation of the lithospheric field from fields originating in the earth's core, the ionosphere, and the magnetosphere is discussed in detail, and a summary of the characteristics of each field is included. This work also provides a complete summary of the published maps and the methods used to create them. Rock magnetism concepts and sources of variation in magnetization are discussed to help the reader understand the issues in interpreting the data, and the various interpretation methods, such as forward modeling, are summarized. Analysis results using data from North America, Africa, Australia, Europe, and the oceans illustrate the methodologies of interpretation and the anomalies associated with particular geologic and tectonic settings."--Jacket Many geological features of the Earth's lithosphere create variations in the Earth's magnetic field that can be detected by satellites. The resulting magnetic anomaly maps can provide insights into the tectonic features and broad structures of the lithosphere. This book, which was originally published in 1998, documents the acquisition, reduction and analysis of satellite magnetic field data in the study of the Earth's lithosphere. The text considers issues of interpreting data, summarises various interpretation methods, considers rock magnetism concepts and sources of variation in magnetism, and provides a summary of published maps and the various methods used to create them. Mapping and interpreting lithospheric fields from satellite magnetic data has resulted in the sub-discipline of geomagnetism. Advanced students and researchers will find this book to be of interest Many geological features of the Earth's lithosphere create variations in the Earth's magnetic field that can be detected by satellites. The resulting magnetic anomaly maps can provide insights into the tectonic features and broad structures of the lithosphere. This 1998 book documents the acquisition, reduction and analysis of satellite magnetic field data. R.a. Langel, W.j. Hinze. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 395-416) And Indexes.