The Long-term Retention Of Knowledge And Skills: A Cognitive And Instructional Perspective (recent Research In Psychology)

"A. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUNDl,2 This report reviews and interprets research on the nature and magnitude of the effects of those factors which influence how well knowledge and skills (K & S) are retained over relatively long periods of nonuse. Our interest lies in the kinds of knowledge domains and skills that military personnel must master to function effectively on their jobs. The practical concern impelling this study is that K & S degradation or loss (which we will refer to as "decay") can and does occur, often and severely enough, to jeopardize military preparedness. There are occasions in all the military services when personnel who have just completed their training do not receive an opportunity to practice or use their new capabilities for weeks or months. In the case of reservists who may be called back to active duty, the period of nonuse of relevant military job skills may be counted in terms of years. B. OBJECTIVES The overall objective is to critically analyze the relevant scientific literature which relates the processes involved in learning to those of memory, taking into account the characteristics of the learner and the learning tasks. More specifically, we have focused on the following sub-objectives: 1. Identify, describe and rank the influence and the interactions of the important major variables that affect long-term retention (LTR); 1 I am indebted to Dr. Jesse Orlansky, Institute for Defense Analyses, for his encouragement and guidance through all phases of this report"--Font no determinada Front Matter....Pages i-N12 Introduction....Pages 1-2 Objectives/Desired end Products....Pages 3-5 Scope....Pages 7-9 Approach....Pages 11-15 Theoretical Underpinnings and Central Issues....Pages 17-23 Relationship between Acquisition and Retention....Pages 25-43 Major Variables Affecting Long-Term Retention....Pages 45-96 Conclusions....Pages 97-100 Recommendations for Increasing LTR....Pages 101-103 Issues for Further Research and Development....Pages 105-106 Back Matter....Pages 107-155