The Linguistic Landscape of the Indian Himalayas: Languages in Kinnaur (Brill's Studies in South and Southwest Asian Languages, 14)

This monograph is a contribution to the documentation of the linguistic situation of the Kinnaur district in Himachal Pradesh (Indian Himalayas) which has been so far almost undescribed. The Sino-Tibetan languages Kinnauri and Navakat and the Indo-Aryan language Kinnauri Pahari, all spoken in Kinnaur, are described both individually and as parts of a multifaceted linguistic ecology that extends into the surrounding wider Himalayan region. The author combines traditional linguistic description and a quantitative computational procedure to disentangle genealogical and areal characteristics of the languages of Kinnaur. ‎Contents ‎Acknowledgements ‎Figures and Tables ‎Figures ‎Tables ‎Notation, Terminology and Abbreviations ‎Chapter 1. Introduction—Kinnaur: Geography, Demography and Languages ‎1. Introduction ‎1.1. Linguistic Description, Language Documentation and Empirical Linguistics ‎2. The Geography of Kinnaur ‎3. Administrative Units in Kinnaur ‎4. Demography of Kinnaur ‎5. Number of KST Speakers ‎5.1. What the Census Figures Tell Us about the Status of KST ‎6. Some Questions to Be Addressed in This Work ‎Chapter 2. A Linguistic Sketch of Kinnauri ‎1. Introduction ‎2. Phonology ‎2.1. Consonants ‎2.2. Vowels ‎2.3. Morphophonological Stem Alternations ‎2.4. Suffix Suppletion ‎3. Noun Phrase ‎3.1. Noun Phrase Structure ‎3.2. Nouns ‎3.3. Pronouns ‎3.4. Adjectives ‎3.5. Numerals ‎4. The Verb Complex ‎4.1. Verb Lexemes and Their Structure ‎4.2. Subject Indexing ‎4.3. “Affected Object” Indexing ‎4.4. Copula Constructions ‎4.5. Non-Copula Constructions ‎4.6. Negation ‎4.7. Imperative and Prohibitive ‎5. Clauses and Sentences ‎5.1. Experiencer Subjects ‎5.2. Questions ‎Appendix 2A: Kinnauri Basic Vocabulary ‎2A.1. Notational Conventions ‎2A.2. The Kinnauri IDS/LWT List ‎Chapter 3. A Linguistic Sketch of Navakat ‎1. Introduction ‎2. Phonology ‎2.1. Consonants ‎2.2. Vowels ‎3. Noun Phrase ‎3.1. Noun Phrase Structure ‎3.2. Nouns ‎3.3. Pronouns ‎3.4. Adjectives ‎3.5. Numerals ‎4. The Verb Complex ‎4.1. Verb Lexemes and Their Structure ‎4.2. Verbal Inflectional Categories ‎4.3. Copula Constructions ‎4.4. Non-Copula Constructions ‎4.5. Final Auxiliaries ‎4.6. Negation ‎4.7. Imperative and Prohibitive ‎5. Clauses and Sentences ‎5.1. Experiencer Subjects ‎5.2. Questions ‎5.3. Clausal Nominalization ‎Appendix 3A: Classical Tibetan Verb Stems and Their Correspondences in Navakat ‎Appendix 3B: Navakat Basic Vocabulary ‎3B.1. Notational Conventions ‎3B.2. The Navakat IDS/LWT List ‎Chapter 4. A Linguistic Sketch of Kinnauri Pahari ‎1. Introduction ‎2. Phonology ‎2.1. Consonants ‎2.2. Vowels ‎2.3. Words with Special Prosody ‎3. Noun Phrase ‎3.1. Noun Phrase Structure ‎3.2. Nouns ‎3.3. Pronouns ‎3.4. Adjectives ‎3.5. Numerals ‎4. The Verb Complex ‎4.1. Verb Lexemes and Their Structure ‎4.2. Copulas and Auxiliaries ‎4.3. Periphrastic Verb Forms ‎4.4. Negation ‎4.5. Imperative and Prohibitive ‎5. Clauses and Sentences ‎5.1. Experiencer Subjects ‎5.2. Questions ‎5.3. Conjunction and Disjunction ‎5.4. Relative Clauses ‎Appendix 4A: Some Comparisons between Kinnauri Pahari and Other Pahari Languages ‎4A.1. Dative and Locative Markers ‎4A.2. Pronouns ‎Appendix 4B: Kinnauri Pahari Basic Vocabulary ‎4B.1. Notational Conventions ‎4B.2. The Kinnauri Pahari IDS/LWT List ‎Chapter 5. Linguistic Relationships in Kinnaur I: Sino-Tibetan ‎1. Introduction ‎2. Data Collection ‎3. Methodology ‎4. Towards Linguistically Informed Computational Lexicostatistics ‎5. Results: Vocabulary ‎5.1. Basic Nouns ‎5.2. Basic Adjectives ‎5.3. Some Adverbs of Time ‎5.4. Numerals and Numeral Systems ‎5.5. Basic Question Words ‎5.6. Personal Pronouns ‎5.7. Basic Vocabulary: Summary and Discussion ‎5.8. Reflections on the Methodology ‎6. Results: Grammatical Features ‎6.1. Reflexive and Possessive Pronominal Forms ‎6.2. Adjective—Noun Order ‎6.3. Some Preliminary Observations about the Grammatical Structure of KST Varieties ‎7. KST Varieties and Their Classification ‎Appendix 5A: Questionnaire Items and Vocabulary Comparison Tables ‎5A.1. Questionnaire Items ‎5A.2. Vocabulary Comparison Tables ‎Chapter 6. Linguistic Relationships in Kinnaur II: Language Contact between Sino-Tibetan and Indo-Aryan ‎1. Introduction ‎2. Language Contact in Kinnaur ‎3. Kinnauri and Kinnauri Pahari: Shared Linguistic Features ‎3.1. Lexicon: Names of the Days and Months ‎3.2. Lexicon: Words for Past and Future Time Adverbs ‎3.3. Lexicon: Words for ‘mouth’ and ‘face’ ‎3.4. Lexicon: Convergence in the Numeral System ‎3.5. Lexicon/Grammar: the Agentive Nominalizer ‎3.6. Grammar: Perfective and Imperfective Aspect Markers ‎3.7. Grammar: the 1pl Inclusive–Exclusive Distinction ‎3.8. Grammar: the Finite Verb System ‎4. Summary ‎Chapter 7. The Many-Faceted Linguistic Landscape of Kinnaur ‎References ‎Index "This monograph is a contribution to the documentation of the linguistic situation of the Kinnaur district in Himachal Pradesh (Indian Himalayas) which has been so far almost undescribed. Sino-Tibetan (Kinnauri and Navakat) and Indo-Aryan (Kinnauri Pahari) languages, which are traditionally spoken in this region, are described as independent linguistic entities and as parts of a multifaceted linguistic ecology, part of which also other linguistic varieties spoken in the wider Himalayan region where Kinnaur is situated are considered. The author endeavors to disentangle genealogical and areal characteristics of the languages of Kinnaur using a combination of traditional linguistic description and a quantitative computational procedure inspired by lexicostatistics, taking also morphosyntax into account"-- Provided by publisher Introduction: Kinnaur: geography, demography and languages -- A linguistic sketch of Kinnauri -- A linguistic sketch of Navakat -- A linguistic sketch of Kinnauri Pahari -- Linguistic relationships in Kinnaur I: Sino-Tibetan -- Linguistic relationships in Kinnaur II: language contact between Sino-Tibetan and Indo-Aryan -- The many-faceted linguistic landscape of Kinnaur