The Legacy of Jihad : Islamic Holy War and the Fate of Non-Muslims

"The Legacy of Jihad" provides a comprehensive, meticulously documented corrective to the genre of ahistorical assessments decried by Ellul. This unique, extensive compilation includes Muslim theological and juridical texts, eyewitness historical accounts by both Muslim and non-Muslim chroniclers, and essays by pre-eminent scholars analysing jihad war and the ruling conditions imposed upon the non-Muslim peoples conquered by jihad campaigns. "The Legacy of Jihad" reveals how, for well over a millennium, across three continents - Asia, Africa, and Europe - non-Muslims who were vanquished by jihad wars, became forced tributaries (called dhimmi in Arabic), in lieu of being slain. Under the dhimmi religious caste system, non-Muslims were subjected to legal and financial oppression, as well as social isolation. Extensive primary and secondary source materials, many translated here for the first time into English, are presented, making clear that jihad conquests were brutal, imperialist advances, which spurred waves of Muslims to expropriate a vast expanse of lands and subdue millions of indigenous peoples. Finally, the book examines how jihad war, as a permanent and uniquely Islamic institution, ultimately regulates the relations of Muslims with non-Muslims to this day. Scholars, educators, and interested lay readers will find this collection an invaluable resource. Foreword / Ibn Warraq -- Jihad conquests and the imposition of 'Dhimmitude' : a survey / Andrew G. Bostom -- Jihad in the Qur'an -- Classical and modern Qur'anic commentators on Qur'an 9:29 -- Jihad in the Hadith -- Muwatta / Malik b. Annas -- [Untitled] / Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani -- Bidayat al-Mudjtahid / Averroes -- The Muqaddimah / Ibn Khaldun -- Legal war / Ibn Qudama -- Al-Siyasa al-shariyya / Ibn Tamiyya -- Kitab al-Kharaj / Abu Yusuf -- Siyar / Shaybani -- The Hidayah / Sheikh Burhanuddin Ali of Marghinan -- Al-Imam Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shaf'i's al-Risala fi us ul al-fiqh / Al-Shaf'i -- Al-Ahkam as-Sultaniyyah / Al-Mawardi -- Fatwa-i Jahandari / Ziauddin Barani -- Kitab al-Wagiz fi fiqh madhab al-imam al-Saf'i / Al-Ghazali -- [Untitled] / Sirhindi -- [Untitled] / Shah Wali-Allah -- Shara'i'u 'l-Islam / Al-Hilli -- Jami'-i 'Abbasi : Yakdawrah-i fiqh-i / Muhammad al-Amili -- Risala-yi Sawa'iq al-Yahud / Muhammad Al-Majlisi -- 1915 Ottoman fatwa / Sheikh Shawish -- [Untitled] / Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini -- Jihad in the cause of God / Sayyid Qutb -- [Untitled] / Yusuf al-Qaradawi -- The jihad or holy war according to the Malikite School / Edmond Fagnan -- The holy war according to Ibn Hazm of Cordova / Roger Arnaldez -- The law of war / Clement Huart -- Jihad / W.R.W. Gardner -- Classification of persons / Nicolas P. Aghnides -- The law of war : the jihad / Majid Khadduri -- Jihad : an introduction / Rudolph Peters -- War and peace in Islam / Bassam Tibi -- Jihad and the ideology of enslavement / John Ralph Willis -- The influence of Islam / Jacques Ellul -- Jihad, seventh through eleventh centuries : summary text Color insert, color-coded maps : Jihad, seventh through eleventh centuries Illustrtions of the Devshirme Levy, Conquest of Rhodes, and Siege of Budapest, with descriptions -- Greek Christian and other accounts of the Muslim conguests of the Near East / Demetrios Constantelos -- The Armenian rebellion of 703 against the Caliphate / Aram Ter-Ghevondian -- The days of "Razzia" and invasion / C.E. Dufourcq -- Muslims invade India / K.S. Lal -- Jihad under the Turks and jihad under the Mughals / K.S. Lal -- Certain phases of the conquest of the Balkan peoples by the Turks / Dimitar Angelov -- A modern jihad genocide / Andrew G. Bostom -- Textbook jihad in Egypt / Andrew G. Bostom -- The origins of Muslim slave system / K.S. Lal -- Slave-taking during the Muslim rule / K.S. Lal -- Enslavement of Hindus by Arab and Turkish invaders / K.S. Lal -- The impact of devshirme on Greek society / Vasiliki Papoulia -- The role of slaves in fifteenth century Turkish Romania / M.-M. Alexandrescu-Dersca Bulgaru -- My career redeeming slaves / John Eibner -- Muslim and non-Muslim chronicles and eyewitness accounts of jihad campaigns Jihad campaigns in the Middle East, North Africa, Spain, Asia Minor, Georgia, and Persia : seventh through seventeenth centuries Jihad on the Indian subcontinent : seventh through twentieth centuries Jihad slavery in the Sudan : late nineteenth century Ottoman massacres of the Bulgarians in 1876 Jihad genocide of the Armenians by the Ottoman Turks -- Appendix A: Towns and villages ravaged during the Seljuk-Ottoman jihad in Asia Minor, eleventh through fifteenth centuries -- Appendix B: Jihad slave raids (razzias) by the Tatars, mid-fifteenth through late seventeenth centuries -- Appendix C: Muslim jurists, theologians, and historians -- Appendix D: Non-Muslim historians, authors, and Islamic scholars.

Scholars, most from Europe and the US but some from Islamic countries, present primary and secondary material on the theory and practice of jihad and the treatment of non-Muslims in conquered territories. They consider the Qur'an and Hadith, classical writings of Muslim theologians and jurists, 20th-century overviews, various regions, jihad slavery, and Muslim and non-Muslim chronicles and eyewitnesses accounts. Annotation ©2006 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Library Journal

It is frequently stated that Islam is one of the great world religions and that its adherents are generally nonviolent and tolerant toward other people; it is strictly radical fundamentalists who have interpreted jihad in a violent way and chosen the path of terrorism. Bostom, who has published numerous magazine and newspaper articles on Islam, aims to dispel these notions. In a book that is both broad in coverage and thorough in scope, he uses both primary and secondary sources to describe the violent nature of jihad conquests over the past 1400 years. Drawing from the Qur'an, commentators on the Qur'an, Islamic jurists, and Muslim and non-Muslim scholars, Bostom provides vivid accounts of such events as the massacres of the Qurayzah in the seventh century and the Armenians in Turkey in the 19th. From a historical perspective, this book is an excellent resource and is valuable for academic libraries with collections in Islamic studies. However, while Bostom successfully argues that violent episodes have occurred throughout the history of Islam, it does not necessarily follow that the vast majority of people who presently adhere to that faith encourage violent practices.-John Jaeger, Dallas Baptist Univ. Lib. Copyright 2005 Reed Business Information.

Writing in 1991, the late French theologian and philosopher Jacques Ellul observed, "In a major encyclopedia, one reads phrases such as: 'Islam expanded in the eighth or ninth centuries'; 'This or that country passed into Muslim hands'. But care is taken not to say how Islam expanded. Regarding this expansion, little is said about jihad. And yet it all happened through war!" The Legacy of Jihad provides a comprehensive, meticulously documented corrective to the genre of ahistorical assessments decried by Ellul. This unique, extensive compilation includes Muslim theological and juridical texts, eyewitness historical accounts by both Muslim and non-Muslim chroniclers, and essays by preeminent scholars analyzing jihad war and the ruling conditions imposed upon the non-Muslim peoples conquered by jihad campaigns. The Legacy of Jihad reveals how, for well over a millennium, across three continentsAsia, Africa, and Europenon-Muslims who were vanquished by jihad wars, became forced tributaries (called dhimmi in Arabic), in lieu of being slain. Under the dhimmi religious caste system, non-Muslims were subjected to legal and financial oppression, as well as social isolation. Extensive primary and secondary source materials, many translated here for the first time into English, are presented, making clear that jihad conquests were brutal, imperialist advances, which spurred waves of Muslims to expropriate a vast expanse of lands and subdue millions of indigenous peoples. Finally, the book examines how jihad war, as a permanent and uniquely Islamic institution, ultimately regulates the relations of Muslims with non-Muslims to this day. Scholars, educators, and interested lay readers will find this collection an invaluable resource. "In eight parts, Andrew Bostom's collection depicts Islam's justification for jihad and its worldwide impact that extended over thirteen centuries of war. He reproduces quotations from the Qu'ran and the Hadith, along with Qu'ranic exegesis by the greatest classical and modern commentators, that provide a rationale for jihad - disproving the argument that only through radical misinterpretation has jihad war been justified. Classical writings from Muslim jurists and theologians and twentieth-century scholars are juxtaposed, which complement each other and provide a fuller description of jihad's influence." "Extensive primary and secondary source materials are presented, many translated here for the first time into English from their original Arabic, Farsi, and French, making clear that jihad conquests were brutal, imperialist advances, which spurred waves of Muslims to expropriate a vast expanse of land and subdue millions of indigenous peoples. Finally, the book examines how jihad war, as a permanent and uniquely Islamic institution, ultimately regulates the relations of Muslims with non-Muslims to this day." --Jacket This book reveals how, for well over a millennium and across three continents - Asia, Africa, and Europe - non-Muslims who were vanquished by jihad wars became forced tributaries (called dhimmi in Arabic) in lieu of being slain. Under the dhimmi religious caste system, non-Muslims were subjected to legal and financial oppression, as well as social isolation. Extensive primary and secondary source materials, many translated here for the first time into English, are presented, making clear that jihad conquests were brutal, imperialist advances, which spurred waves of Muslims to expropriate a vast expanse of lands and subdue millions of indigenous peoples. Finally, the book examines how jihad war, as a permanent and uniquely Islamic institution, ultimately regulates the relations of Muslims with non-Muslims to this day. Scholars, educators, and interested lay readers will find this collection an invaluable resource.