The kindness of strangers : the abandonment of children in Western Europe from late antiquity to the Renaissance

In his previous book, "Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality", winner of the 1981 American Book Award for History, John Boswell defined and charted a whole new field of inquiry. In his new book, he brings to bear what Michel Foucault called his “unfailing erudition" on an equally untouched and fascinating topic. Intrigued by hints in Christian literature that children were routinely abandoned, not only in the ancient world, but well into the Middle Ages, and that these children did not die but were used as servants and prostitutes, or brought up in other households, Boswell, professor of history at Yale University, undertook to explore the past of this remarkably topical subject. Using a wide variety of sources — including civil and canon law, trial records, foundling-hospital archives, and artistic representations — Boswell has pieced together the intriguing story behind ancient and medieval abandonment. And he discovers, as he describes in this highly readable account, that it was a widespread and familiar part of domestic life in most of Europe, a custom accepted and regulated by the church and civil authorities, often celebrated in literature, and, in the absence of reliable birth control, a practice that was often essential to the survival of the rest of the family. Against the background of modern concerns — both historical and social — about the family and its problems, Boswell's work provides a startling perspective on the difficulties faced by parents and children in earlier societies. It is a story that is moving for the desperation that drove parents to abandon their children, for the tenderness and generosity that inspired others to rescue them, and for the many subtle ways Western culture devised to see that abandoned children would be saved and reared by the kindness of strangers Abbreviations xi Preface and Acknowledgments xvii Introduction 3 Part I: Ancient Patterns 51 1. Rome: The Historical Skeleton 53 2. Rome: Literary Flesh and Blood 95 3. Fathers of the Church and Parents of Children 138 Part II: The Early Middle Ages 181 4. Variations on Familiar Patterns 183 5. A Christian Innovation: Oblation 228 6. Demographic Overview 256 Part III: The High Middle Ages 261 7. New Demographics: 1000-1200 269 8. Oblation at Its Zenith 296 9. The Thirteenth Century: Abandonment Resumes 322 10. Literary Witnesses 364 Part IV. The Later Middle Ages 395 11. Continuities and Unintended Tragedy 397 12. Conclusions 428 Appendix of Translations 435 Frequently Cited Works 463 Index 475 Child Abandonment And Child Welfare In The Ancient And Medieval World. Pt. I: Ancient Patterns. -- Rome: The Historical Skeleton -- Rome: Literary Flesh And Blood -- Fathers Of The Church And Parents Of Children -- Pt. Ii: The Early Middle Ages. -- Variations On Familiar Patterns -- A Christian Innovation: Oblation -- Demographic Overview -- Pt. Iii: The High Middle Ages. -- New Demographics: 1000-1200 -- Oblation At Its Zenith -- The Thirteenth Century: Abandonment Resumes -- Literary Witnesses -- Pt. Iv: The Later Middle Ages -- Continuities And Unintended Tragedy -- Conclusions. John Boswell. Includes Index. Bibliography: P. [463]-473. OF THE MANY muniments of imperial Roman civilization that make reference, often in passing, to the abandonment of children, few have been carefully examined by previous writers and many have not even been noticed.