The Juggler of Notre Dame and the Medievalizing of Modernity. Volume 4: Picture That: Making a Show of the Jongleur

Born into a distinguished aristocratic family of the old Habsburg Empire, Hermynia Zur Mühlen spent much of her childhood and early youth travelling in Europe and North Africa with her diplomat father. Never comfortable with the traditional roles women were expected to play, she broke as a young adult both with her family and, after five years on his estate in the old Czarist Russia, with her German Junker husband, and set out as an independent, free-thinking individual, earning a precarious living as a writer. She translated over 70 books from English, French and Russian into German, notably the novels of Upton Sinclair, which she turned into best-sellers in Germany; produced a series of detective novels under a pseudonym; wrote seven engaging and thought-provoking novels of her own, six of which were translated into English; contributed countless insightful short stories and articles to newspapers and magazines; and, having become a committed socialist, achieved international renown in the 1920s with her Fairy Tales for Workers' Children, which were widely translated including into Chinese and Japanese. Because of her fervent and outspoken opposition to National Socialism, she and her life-long Jewish partner, Stefan Klein, had to flee first Germany, where they had settled, and then, in 1938, her native Austria. They found refuge in England, where Zur Mühlen died, forgotten and virtually penniless, in 1951. This new, expanded edition contains: Zur Mühlen's autobiographical memoir, The End and the Beginning; The editor's detailed notes on the persons and events mentioned in the autobiography; A selection of Zur Mühlen's short stories and two fairy tales; A synopsis of Zur Mühlen's untranslated novel Our Daughters the Nazi Girls; An essay by the Editor on Zur Mühlen's life and work; A bibliography of Zur Mühlen's novels in English translation; A portfolio of selected illustrations of her work by George Grosz and Heinrich Vogeler; A free online supplement with additional original material Contents 6 Note to the Reader 12 1. The Composer 14 The Jongleur in the Circle of Richard Wagner 14 Tannhäuser 23 The Medievalesque Oeuvre of Jules Massenet 29 The Tall Tale of the Libretto 39 The Middle Ages of the Opera 45 Sage Wisdom 58 Juggling Secular and Ecclesiastical 60 The Jongleur of Monte Carlo 72 Jean, Bénédictine, and Selling Gothic 78 The Musician of Women 85 The All-Male Cast 88 2. The Diva 94 Mary Garden Takes America 94 Oscar Hammerstein I 100 Making a Travesti of Massenet’s Tenor 103 Selling the Jongleur 120 Mary Garden Dances the Role 127 The Role of Dance 133 Sexless, Sexy... and What Sex? 139 The Jongleur Goes to Notre Dame 154 The College Woman as Jongleur: Skirting the Issue 156 From Opera to Vaudeville 161 3. Images of the Virgin 168 The Power of Madonnas in the Round 168 Madonnas in Majesty 173 Animated Images 183 Miracles of Madonnas 187 4. The Crypt 202 Grottoes and Crypts 202 Madonnas in Crypts 213 Cistercian Crypts 219 Gothic Crypts 231 5. Enlightening the Virgin 238 The Incandescent Virgin 238 Dressing Madonnas: What Are You Wearing? 245 Carrying a Torch for Mary 250 Lighting Effects: Lights, Camera, Action! 255 Voyeurism and Performance Art 262 6. Cloistering the USA: Everybody Must Get Stones 268 Stony Silence 268 Collecting Clusters of Cloisters 272 A Gothic Room of Her Own: Vanderbilt and Gardner 283 Raymond Pitcairn and the “New Church” 291 The Hearst Castle 294 The Last Hurrah 297 7. The Great War and Its Aftermath 308 Ruining Europe 312 Reims: Martyr City and Cathedral 316 Rebuilding Europe in America 325 German Expressionism 328 French Piety 330 Painting the Juggler 332 American Gothic 339 Notes 346 Notes to Chapter 1 346 The Jongleur in the Circle of Richard Wagner 346 Tannhäuser 350 The Medievalesque Oeuvre of Jules Massenet 351 The Tall Tale of the Libretto 353 The Middle Ages of the Opera 355 Sage Wisdom 358 Juggling Secular and Ecclesiastical 359 Jean, Bénédictine, and Selling Gothic 365 The Musician of Women 366 The All-Male Cast 367 Notes to Chapter 2 370 Mary Garden Takes America 370 Oscar Hammerstein I 371 Making a Travesti of Massenet’s Tenor 371 Selling the Jongleur 376 Mary Garden Dances the Role 378 The Role of Dance 379 Sexless, Sexy... and What Sex? 381 The Jongleur Goes to Notre Dame 386 The College Woman as Jongleur 386 From Opera to Vaudeville 390 Notes to Chapter 3 392 The Power of Madonnas in the Round 392 Madonnas in Majesty 393 Animated Images 397 Miracles of Madonnas 400 Notes to Chapter 4 406 Grottoes and Crypts 406 Madonnas in Crypts 408 Cistercian Crypts 409 Gothic Crypts 415 Notes to Chapter 5 417 The Incandescent Virgin 417 Dressing Madonnas: What Are You Wearing? 419 Carrying a Torch for Mary 421 Lighting Effects: Lights, Camera, Action! 422 Voyeurism and Performance Art 426 Notes to Chapter 6 427 Stony Silence 427 Collecting Clusters of Cloisters 428 A Gothic Room 432 Raymond Pitcairn and the “New Church” 434 The Hearst Castle 435 The Last Hurrah 438 Notes to Chapter 7 440 Ruining Europe 441 Reims: Martyr City and Cathedral 442 Rebuilding Europe in America 445 German Expressionism 446 French Piety 448 Painting the Juggler 449 American Gothic 451 Bibliography 454 Abbreviations 454 Referenced Works 454 List of Illustrations 486 Chapter 1 486 Chapter 2 491 Chapter 3 495 Chapter 4 497 Chapter 5 499 Chapter 6 501 Chapter 7 503 Notes 505 Index 508 "This ambitious and vivid study in six volumes explores the journey of a single, electrifying story, from its first incarnation in a medieval French poem through its prolific rebirth in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The Juggler of Notre Dame tells how an entertainer abandons the world to join a monastery, but is suspected of blasphemy after dancing his devotion before a statue of the Madonna in the crypt; he is saved when the statue, delighted by his skill, miraculously comes to life. Jan Ziolkowski tracks the poem from its medieval roots to its rediscovery in late nineteenth-century Paris, before its translation into English in Britain and the United States. The visual influence of the tale on Gothic revivalism and vice versa in America is carefully documented with lavish and inventive illustrations, and Ziolkowski concludes with an examination of the explosion of interest in The Juggler of Notre Dame in the twentieth century and its place in mass culture today. The Juggler of Notre Dame and the Medievalizing of Modernity is a rich case study for the reception of the Middle Ages in modernity. Spanning centuries and continents, the medieval period is understood through the lens of its (post)modern reception in Europe and America. Profound connections between the verbal and the visual are illustrated by a rich trove of images, including book illustrations, stained glass, postage stamps, architecture, and Christmas cards. Presented with great clarity and simplicity, Ziolkowski's work is accessible to the general reader, while its many new discoveries will be valuable to academics in such fields and disciplines as medieval studies, medievalism, philology, literary history, art history, folklore, performance studies, and reception studies"--Back cover Read and download this book for free here: (https://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/820) https://www.openbookpublishers.com/pr... . This ambitious and vivid study in six volumes explores the journey of a single, electrifying story, from its first incarnation in a medieval French poem through its prolific rebirth in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The Juggler of Notre Dame tells how an entertainer abandons the world to join a monastery, but is suspected of blasphemy after dancing his devotion before a statue of the Madonna in the crypt; he is saved when the statue, delighted by his skill, miraculously comes to life. Jan Ziolkowski tracks the poem from its medieval roots to its rediscovery in late nineteenth-century Paris, before its translation into English in Britain and the United States. The visual influence of the tale on Gothic revivalism and vice versa in America is carefully documented with lavish and inventive illustrations, and Ziolkowski concludes with an examination of the explosion of interest in The Juggler of Notre Dame in the twentieth century and its place in mass culture today. Volume 4 examines the famous Le jongleur de Notre Dame by the French composer Jules Massenet, which took Europe by storm after premiering in 1902 and then crossed the Atlantic to the impresario Oscar Hammerstein and the diva Mary Garden, who gave the opera new legs as a female juggler. Presented with great clarity and simplicity, Ziolkowski's work is accessible to the general reader, while its many new discoveries will be valuable to academics in such fields and disciplines as medieval studies, medievalism, philology, literary history, art history, folklore, performance studies, and reception studies. "This ambitious and vivid study in six volumes explores the journey of a single, electrifying story, from its first incarnation in a medieval French poem through its prolific rebirth in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The Juggler of Notre Dame tells how an entertainer abandons the world to join a monastery, but is suspected of blasphemy after dancing his devotion before a statue of the Madonna in the crypt; he is saved when the statue, delighted by his skill, miraculously comes to life. Jan Ziolkowski tracks the poem from its medieval roots to its rediscovery in late nineteenth-century Paris, before its translation into English in Britain and the United States. The visual influence of the tale on Gothic revivalism and vice versa in America is carefully documented with lavish and inventive illustrations, and Ziolkowski concludes with an examination of the explosion of interest in The Juggler of Notre Dame in the twentieth century and its place in mass culture today. In this concluding volume, Ziolkowski explores the popularity of The Juggler of Notre Dame from the 1930s through the Second World War, especially in the Allied Resistance. Its popularity in the United States was subsequently maintained by figures as diverse as Tony Curtis and W. H. Auden, and although recently the story and medievalism have lost ground, the future of both holds promise. Presented with great clarity and simplicity, Ziolkowski's work is accessible to the general reader, while its many new discoveries will be valuable to academics in such fields and disciplines as medieval studies, medievalism, philology, literary history, art history, folklore, performance studies, and reception studies." "This ambitious and vivid study in six volumes explores the journey of a single, electrifying story, from its first incarnation in a medieval French poem through its prolific rebirth in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The Juggler of Notre Dame tells how an entertainer abandons the world to join a monastery, but is suspected of blasphemy after dancing his devotion before a statue of the Madonna in the crypt; he is saved when the statue, delighted by his skill, miraculously comes to life. Jan Ziolkowski tracks the poem from its medieval roots to its rediscovery in late nineteenth-century Paris, before its translation into English in Britain and the United States. The visual influence of the tale on Gothic revivalism and vice versa in America is carefully documented with lavish and inventive illustrations, and Ziolkowski concludes with an examination of the explosion of interest in The Juggler of Notre Dame in the twentieth century and its place in mass culture today. Volume 4 examines the famous Le jongleur de Notre Dame by the French composer Jules Massenet, which took Europe by storm after premiering in 1902 and then crossed the Atlantic to the impresario Oscar Hammerstein and the diva Mary Garden, who gave the opera new legs as a female juggler. Presented with great clarity and simplicity, Ziolkowski's work is accessible to the general reader, while its many new discoveries will be valuable to academics in such fields and disciplines as medieval studies, medievalism, philology, literary history, art history, folklore, performance studies, and reception studies."--Publisher's website