The Jews of England and The Revolutionary Era : 1789 – 1815

The emancipation of Jews during the French Revolution and Napoleon’s destruction of European ghettos led to concerns over the loyalty of Anglo-Jewry to the Crown. The elite of the Jewish community adopted the traditional approach of Jews in the diaspora stressing the community’s loyalty and avoiding the public expression of any view which might be controversial. This outlook reflected both Jewish religious injunctions and a desire for self-preservation. In contrast, a small number of Jews broke with this approach and published remarkably contentious views on a range of political and religious subjects. Drawing on a rich range of sources, the book examines the extent of anti-Jewish sentiment in England. It breaks new ground by using government archives to demonstrate that these negative representations only had a very limited impact on the implementation of the Alien Act of 1793. This book understands the fears of the communal elite but also argues that the controversial views of some Jewish dissidents were more widely held than previously considered. As a study of a minority under pressure, the position of Anglo-Jewry in the period has wider relevance in today’s multicultural world. The emancipation of Jews during the French Revolution and Napoleon's destruction of European ghettos led to concerns over the loyalty of Anglo-Jewry to the Crown. The wealthy elite of the Jewish community adopted the traditional approach of Jews in the diaspora stressing the community's loyalty and avoiding the public expression of any view which might be controversial. This outlook which had been adopted for centuries by Jewish communities across the diaspora reflected both Jewish religious injunctions and a desire for self-preservation. In contrast, a small number of Jews broke with this approach and published remarkably contentious views on a range of political and religious subjects. Drawing on a rich range of sources including songs, novels and prints, the book examines the extent of anti-Jewish sentiment in England. It breaks new ground by using government archives to demonstrate that these negative representations only had a very limited impact on the implementation of the Alien Act of 1793. This book seeks to understand the deeply held fears of the communal elite but also argues that the ground-breaking controversial views of some of the Jewish dissidents were more widely held than has been previously considered. As a study of a minority under pressure, the position of Anglo-Jewry in the period has wider relevance in today's multicultural world. Cover 1 Front Matter 2 Title Page 4 Contents 6 Acknowledgements 7 List of Illustrations 8 Introduction 10 PART 1 32 Attitudes to Anglo-Jewry 32 Chapter 1 34 Burke, Cobbett and Political Thought 34 Chapter 2 58 Representations of Jews 58 Chapter 3 92 The Alien Act 92 PART 2 118 Jewish Responses 118 Chapter 4 120 The Communal Leadership 120 Chapter 5 166 'Dissident Voices' 166 Conclusion 226 Bibliography 231 Index 254