زن نامرئی: جنبه‌های کار زنان در بریتانیا در قرن هجدهم (مطالعات در تاریخ کار)

Most social historians writing about working women in pre-nineteenth century Britain have tended to concentrate on fairly large groups, such as factory workers or domestic servants, often in an attempt to reach some conclusions regarding their standards of living and social position. Another approach has lead feminist historians to search for underlying causes of women's exploitation through the locus of class and gender. Without ignoring these crucial issues, this volume written by cultural historians takes a slightly different approach, focusing on the status of small, sometimes tiny, groups of women holding marginal positions in the labour market, and often employed on an irregular basis. Women such as housekeepers, nurses, camp followers, governesses, actresses and musicians, to take some of the cases examined in this volume, generally did not have stable, permanent employment. Even female tradesmen often only worked for short periods of their lives. The temporary, unreliable character of such work can be partly related to the changing needs of women at different periods of their lives, but it also has much to do the status of women's work in eighteenth century British society. Providing case-studies of women's work in three different environments - middle and upper class households, male dominated communities and societies and the world of the arts - this collection asks fresh questions about women's aspirations and identity at various levels of society. In comparing and contrasting these varying spheres of female employment, this book throws in sharp relief the contrasting attitude to women's work inside and outside the home, and how the latter was often regarded as having a potentially destabilising and transgressive effect on British society. Introduction / I. Baudino, J. Carre And C. Revauger -- 1. The Birth Of A New Profession : The Housekeeper And Her Status In The Seventeenth And Eighteenth Centuries / Gilly Lehmann -- 2. The Representation Of Housework In The Eighteenth-century Women's Press / Marie-claire Rouyer-daney -- 3. Needlework And The Rights Of Women In England At The End Of The Eighteenth Century / Christine Hivet -- 4. Governesses Of The Royal Family And The Nobility In Great Britain, 1750-1815 / Sophie Loussouarn -- 5. The Labour And Servitude Of Women In The Highlands Of Scotland In The Eighteenth Century / Marie-helene Thevenot-totems -- 6. Women In The Army In Eighteenth-century Britain / Guyonne Leduc -- 7. Hospital Nurses In Eighteenth-century Britain : Service Without Responsibility / Jacques Carre -- 8. Claiming Their Place In The Corporate Community : Women's Identity In Eighteenth-century Towns / Deborah Simonton -- 9. Women Barred From Masonic 'work' : A British Phenomenon / Cecile Revauger -- 10. The Actress And Eighteenth-century Ideals Of Femininity / Severine Lancia -- 11. Women In Action : Elizabeth Inchbald, Heroines And Serving Maids In British Comedies Of The 1780s And 1790s / Angela J. Smallwood -- 12. Profession : Siren -- The Ambiguous Status Of Professional Women Musicians In Eighteenth-century England / Pierre Dubois -- 13. The Lee Sisters : Eighteenth-century Commercial Heroines / Marion Marceau -- 14. Eighteenth-century Images Of Working Women / Isabelle Baudino. Edited By Isabelle Baudino, Jacques Carré, Cécile Révauger. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Cover Half Title Title Copyright Contents General Editor's Preface List of Figures List of Contributors Introduction PART I: WOMEN IN THE DOMESTIC SPHERE 1 The Birth of a New Profession: The Housekeeper and her Status in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries 2 The Representation of Housework in the Eighteenth-Century Women's Press 3 Needlework and the Rights of Women in England at the End of the Eighteenth Century 4 Governesses of the Royal Family and the Nobility in Great Britain, 1750-1815 PART II: WOMEN IN MALE STRONGHOLDS 5 The Labour and Servitude of Women in the Highlands of Scotland in the Eighteenth Century 6 Women in the Army in Eighteenth-Century Britain 7 Hospital Nurses in Eighteenth-Century Britain: Service without Responsibility 8 Claiming their Place in the Corporate Community: Women's Identity in Eighteenth-Century Towns 9 Women Barred from Masonic 'Work': A British Phenomenon PART III: WOMEN AND THE CULTURAL SCENE 10 The Actress and Eighteenth-Century Ideals of Femininity 11 Women in Action: Elizabeth Inchbald, Heroines and Serving Maids in British Comedies of the 1780s and 1790s 12 Profession: Siren—The Ambiguous Status of Professional Women Musicians in Eighteenth-Century England 13 The Lee Sisters: Eighteenth-Century Commercial Heroines 14 Eighteenth-Century Images of Working Women Index Since Alice Clark's pioneering study most social historians writing about working women in pre-nineteenth-century Britain have tried to throw light on fairly large occupational groups of working women, such as factory workers or domestic servants, often in an attempt to reach some conclusive evidence as to the evolution of their general standards of living.