The Invisible Resource: Use and Regulation of the Radio Spectrum (RFF Policy and Governance Set)

Multiple regressions on land mobile transmitters per channel in selected services, for three bands and 25 population centers, 1963 . 211 14. Percentage of land mobile transmitters located in communities containing varying portions of U.S. population, by type of service, 1963 213 15. Increase in number of AM radio stations, by channel type, 1947-67 220 16. Changing proportions of Southeastern Region served by standard broadcast stations (daytime), 1940-60 . Cover Title Copyright Original Title Original Copyright Contents Foreword Preface and Acknowledgments Introduction Part One: The Spectrum System Chapter I. Economic and Physical Character of the Radio Spectrum Physical Character of the Spectrum Physical Dimensions of the Resource Base The Extensive Margin The Intensive Margin Substitutes for Spectrum Economic Characteristics of the Spectrum Stock and Flow Attributes Common Property Attributes Land Mobile Radio International High Frequency Band Overriding Public Value of Spectrum Technical Interchangeability International Constraints Chapter II. Major Components of the Spectrum System Spectrum Users Nongovernment Users Federal Government Users The Functions of National Spectrum Management The Federal Communications Commission Office of Telecommunications Management and Interdepartment Radio Advisory Committee Department of Commerce, Institute for Telecommunication Sciences The Spectrum "Developers" Chapter III. The Goals of National Spectrum Management The Price System as an Integrating Mechanism Economic Efficiency Aspects of Spectrum Management Goals The Tacit Goals of Spectrum Management Full Occupancy Efficient Usage Sustained Development Equal Access and Wide Diffusion Interrelations of the Goals Part Two: Alternatives in Spectrum Allocation and Management Chapter IV. Freely Transferable Rights The Requirements of Remedial Reform Economic Obstacles to a Full-fledged Market for Spectrum Cost Externalities, Uncertainties, and Transferability of Rights Radiation Rights and Changing Technology The Unwieldy AM Broadcast and HF Radio Bands Line-of-Sight Technology: The Hazards of Overgeneralization Uncertainties of Intermodulation and the Principle of Unitary Management Noneconomic Obstacles to a Full-fledged Spectrum Market The U.S. Image Abroad International Constraints on a Domestic Market Social Values in a Domestic Spectrum Market The Narrowing of Administrative Discretion The Problem of Vested Rights Chapter V. Toward a Regulated Market-Type System with Prices Market Simulation and Shadow Prices Space Satellites and Terrestrial Microwave Land Mobile and TV Broadcasting Cost of Spectrum Usage Costs and Cost-Savings at the Margin Average and Marginal Costs of Spectrum Utilization The Costs of Nonspectrum Alternatives Critique Rental Charges Flat Token Rates Auction Prices Shadow Prices and the Costs of Exclusion Stratified Auctions The Problem of Small Units The Problem of Cross-Band Bidding The Parking Lot Concessionaire: An Analogy The Rationale of Cross-Band Bidding Relative Intraband Auction Values in Cross-Band Contests between Different Services Public Users The Common Carriers The Broadcast Service Critique Chapter VI. New Administrative Techniques Frequency Clearance A National Distance-measuring System for the Aeronautical Mobile Services Radio Astronomy on Channel 37 Need for New Regulatory Techniques in the Broadcast and Common Carrier Services Frequency Stockpiling and the Role of Secondary Rights Conclusion Chapter VII. The Case for Secondary Rights Forgone Benefits and Next-Best Alternatives The Logic of Secondary Rights for Interim Usage Secondary Rights, Interim Usage, and the Supramanagerial Function Illustrative Cases of Secondary Rights Proposals to Test the Principle of Secondary Frequency Assignments Secondary Rights and Spectrum Borrowing in Practice Secondary Rights and Frequency Sharing Summary Part Three: The Level of Spectrum Development Chapter VIII. Spectrum Scarcity and Technological Change Spectrum Scarcity and Frequency Development The Land Mobile Service Aeronautical-Marine Mobile Radio The TV Broadcast Service The Standard (AM) Broadcast Service Economic Rents in the TV Broadcast Service Toward a General Role for Rental Charges Appendix to Chapter VIII—Narrower VHF Spacing Chapter IX. Government's Role in Spectrum Development: The Record The Historical Record The Federal Role in Telecommunications R&D Federally Financed R&D in Communications Equipment and Electronic Components The Government's Role in Atmospheric Research Conclusion Part Four: Allocation, Regulation, Prices, and Service Chapter X. The Rationale of Competitive Alternatives in Common Carrier Rate Regulation Industry Structure and New Communications Technology The Case for Competitive Alternatives The Domestic Market The Range of Managerial Discretion The Tendency to Overinvestment and Inefficiency The International Market Overriding Foreign Policy Constraints The Economics of Natural Monopoly Chapter XI. Competitive Alternatives in Practice Competitive Alternatives in Action The Private Microwave Threat Private Domestic Satellites The Thirty-Circuit Case The TV Networks as Noncarrier Users Satellite Organization and the Emergence of Competitive Alternatives Present Conflicts of Interest Potential Conflicts of Interest Common Carriers and Private Users: The Global Proceeding Common Carriers and Private Users: Domestic Satellites Conclusions and Implications Chapter XII. Broadcast Allocations in Theory and Fact The Economic and Regulatory Framework The Standard Broadcast Allocation Plan The Television Allocation Plan Intentions and Results Strategies to Activate the TV Broadcast Spectrum The Local Service Commitment Educational Television Reservations Chapter XIII. The Effects of Broadcast Licensing Economic Effects Secular Behavior of Time Series in Standard Broadcasting The Pattern of New Station Entry Economic Benefits Conferred by Broadcast Licenses Analysis of TV Station Sale Prices Effects on Program Choice Conclusion The Proper Form for Price Incentives How Far Will Market-Type Constraints Take Us? Two Major Propositions Competition and Regulation Revisited "Standing" to Contest the Status Quo Appendix A—Notes on Selected Tables and Charts Appendix B—Statistical Analysis of Land Mobile Transmitters Cross-Sectional Analysis Transmitters Channel Type Other Variables Time Series Analysis Appendix C—Regression Analysis of TV Station Sale Prices Analysis in Table 43 Sale Prices The Hypothesis Age of Station Network Affiliation Other Variables URI Multiple Regressions on TV Station Sale Prices Appendix D—Incumbents, Newcomers, Spectrum Costs, and Rental Charges Appendix E—Empirical Problems in the Analysis of Effective Viewer Choices Glossary of Selected Technical Terms and Abbreviations Index States that the mortality rate in the US could shrink by 7 per cent with a similar if not greater decline in disease incidence if industries followed EPA regulations in cutting back on certain pollutant emissions. This title claims that this reduction is sufficient to add one year to average life expectancy. This book both describes and criticizes the regulatory policies of the Federal Communications Commission (F.C.C.). If accepted, these criticisms would result in a comprehensive alteration of current F.C.C. policies. Originally published in 1971 ..