˜Theœ invention of race in the European Middle Ages

In The Invention of Race in the European Middle Ages, Geraldine Heng questions the common assumption that the concepts of race and racisms only began in the modern era. Examining Europe's encounters with Jews, Muslims, Africans, Native Americans, Mongols, and the Romani ('Gypsies'), from the 12th through 15th centuries, she shows how racial thinking, racial law, racial practices, and racial phenomena existed in medieval Europe before a recognizable vocabulary of race emerged in the West. Analysing sources in a variety of media, including stories, maps, statuary, illustrations, architectural features, history, saints' lives, religious commentary, laws, political and social institutions, and literature, she argues that religion - so much in play again today - enabled the positing of fundamental differences among humans that created strategic essentialisms to mark off human groups and populations for racialized treatment. Her ground-breaking study also shows how race figured in the emergence of homo europaeus and the identity of Western Europe in this time.--Publisher description >Geraldine Heng questions the common assumption that the concepts of race and racisms only began in the modern era. Examining Europe's encounters with Jews, Muslims, Africans, Native Americans, Mongols, and the Romani ('Gypsies'), from the 12th through 15th centuries, she shows how racial thinking, racial law, racial practices, and racial phenomena existed in medieval Europe before a recognizable vocabulary of race emerged in the West. Analysing sources in a variety of media, including stories, maps, statuary, illustrations, architectural features, history, saints' lives, religious commentary, laws, political and social institutions, and literature, she argues that religion - so much in play again today - enabled the positing of fundamental differences among humans that created strategic essentialisms to mark off human groups and populations for racialized treatment. Her ground-breaking study also shows how race figured in the emergence of homo europaeus and the identity of Western Europe in this time. - [publisher](https://www.cambridge.org/us/universitypress/subjects/history/history-ideas-and-intellectual-history/invention-race-european-middle-ages?format=PB) Contents 7 Acknowledgments 11 Beginnings: Racial Worlds, Medieval Worlds: Why This Book, and How to Read a Book on Medieval Race 15 1. Inventions/Reinventions: Race Studies, Modernity, and the Middle Ages 29 2. State/Nation: A Case of the Racial State: Jews as Internal Minority in England 69 3. War/Empire: Race Figures in the International Contest: The Islamic "Saracen" 124 4. Color: Epidermal Race, Fantasmic Race: Blackness and Africa in the Racial Sensorium 195 5. World I: A Global Race in the European Imaginary: Native Americans in the North Atlantic 271 6. World II: The Mongol Empire: Global Race as Absolute Power 301 7. World III: "Gypsies": A Global Race in Diaspora, A Slave Race for the Centuries 431 Bibliography 471 Index 497 This book is for readers who may or may not be familiar with the Middle Ages, but are interested in race and racism, and want to know how far back in time racism begins to appear. The book does for race studies what feminism, queer studies, postcolonial studies, have done to change how we view the past. Beginnings -- Inventions/reinventions -- State/nation -- War/empire -- Color -- Word I -- World Ii -- World Iii. Geraldine Heng. Includes Bibliographical References (pages 457-481) And Index.