The International Organization for Migration: The New ‘UN Migration Agency’ in Critical Perspective (International Political Economy Series)

'This book recasts with brio the IOM's transformation. The result is impressive and thought-provoking.' -Didier Bigo, Professor of Sociology, Sciences Po Paris, France 'Rich case studies show the interplay between the IOM's soft power and its tendency to serve the will of powerful patrons. For an inside view of a process that continues to unfold, look no further than this volume.' -David Scott FitzGerald, Gildred Chair in U.S.-Mexican Relations and Co-Director, Center for Comparative Immigration Studies, University of California San Diego, USA 'A much needed and timely book. This book critically investigates the new role of the IOM as the UN agency responsible for managing people flows and borders.' -Anna Triandafyllidou, Canada Excellence Research Chair in Migration and Integration, Ryerson University Toronto, Canada 'The most up-to-date and encompassing research on the IOM. A must-read for those who are interested in migration and mobility studies, and the increasing role of the IOM in migration politics.' -Zhenjiang Zhang, Professor and Dean, School of International Studies and Academy of Overseas Chinese Studies, Jinan University Guangzhou, China In 2016, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) became part of the United Nations. With 173 member states and more than 400 field offices, the IOM-the new 'UN migration agency'-plays a key role in migration governance. The contributors in this volume provide an in-depth and comprehensive insight into the IOM, its transformation, current structure and projects, as well as its capacity, self-understanding and political agenda. Martin Geiger is Associate Professor of Politics of Human Migration and Mobility at Carleton University, Canada, Senior Research Fellow at the Center for China and Globalization in Beijing, and Corresponding Member of the Institute for Migration Research and Intercultural Studies in Osnabrueck, Germany. Antoine Pécoud is Professor of Sociology at the University of Paris 13, a Research Associate at CERI/Sciences Po, and a Fellow of the Institut des Migrations, France The International Organization for Migration Abbreviations Contents List of Figures List of Tables Notes on Contributors Chapter 1: Introduction: The International Organization for Migration as the New ‘UN Migration Agency’ A Short History of the IOM The IOM and State Sovereignty The IOM and the Global Economy The IOM, Humanitarian Protection and Human Rights The IOM and Knowledge Production Overview of Book Chapters Conclusion Works Cited Chapter 2: Unfinished Business: The IOM and Migrants’ Human Rights Introduction What Is the IOM? The IOM’s Status Within the UN The UN-IOM Agreement Article 1: The Objective Fulfilment of Two Mandates Article 2(2): IOM’s Assets Article 2(3): IOM as a Non-normative Organisation Article 3: UN and IOM—Cooperation of the Organisations Conclusion Works Cited International Organization for Migration Chapter 3: Gendering Migration Management Introduction IOs as Embedded Organisations Making Gender Part of the IOM’s Mandate The IOM and Transnational Care Chains The IOM, the UN and Gender Mainstreaming Conclusions Works Cited Chapter 4: Drivers of Expenditure Allocation in the IOM: Refugees, Donors, and International Bureaucracy Introduction The Resourcing of the IOM The Resourcing of the UNHCR in Comparison to the IOM Theory and Hypotheses: IOs Between Donor Interests and Populations of Concern Donor Influence on IOs Mandates and the Role of IO Bureaucracy The IOM and UNHCR Finances from 1999 to 2016: Expenditure Patterns and Donor Influence Financial Data and Interest Measure Populations of Concern and Other Drivers of Expenditure Allocation Statistical Analysis and Regression Results Closer Look at the Data: The IOM’s Major Recipients Discussion and Conclusions Works Cited IOM Documents UNHCR Documents Chapter 5: Between Migration and Development: The IOM’s Development Fund Introduction The Intersection Between Migration and Development Shifting Development Responsibility Moral Responsibility De-emphasising the Role of the State The IOM ‘Development’ in Theory The IOM ‘Development’ in Practice The IOM Development Fund: ‘Migration and Development’ Project Analysis Europe: Armenia, 2011 Africa and the Middle East: Burundi, 2015 Asia: The Philippines 2010 Americas and the Caribbean: Guyana 2012 and 2014 Conclusion Works Cited IOM Documents Chapter 6: Measuring ‘Well-Governed’ Migration: The IOM’s Migration Governance Indicators Introduction Existing Research and Alternative Approaches Defining and Evaluating ‘well-governed migration’: Mainstreaming Migration Into the 2030 Agenda Measuring Well-Governed Migration Benchmarking Migration Governance Consolidating Expert Authority Conclusion Works Cited Chapter 7: The IOM in Building and Supporting Migration Management in China Introduction Recent Developments in Chinese Immigration Policymaking The International Organization for Migration and the People’s Republic of China The IOM and Global Migration Management The Future of the IOM’s Collaboration with China Works Cited Chapter 8: Knowledge Production at the IOM: Looking for Local Knowledge in Tajikistan Local Knowledge in Development Aid Challenges of Using Local Knowledge at the IOM Knowledge Production at the IOM What Is Behind Knowledge Production? The Origins of the IOM Research Who Produces Knowledge at the IOM? The ‘Consent-Generating’ Research Team How to Collect Local Knowledge? Nuances of Data Collection What Is Local Knowledge for? The Ultimate Use of Research Conclusion Works Cited Interviews Published Sources Chapter 9: The IOM’s Missing Migrants Project: The Global Authority on Border Deaths Introduction Framing Border Deaths Development of the MMP Framing the Data Production of the MMP ‘Neutral’ Counting? Conclusions Works Cited Chapter 10: The IOM’s Humanitarian Border Management in the West African Ebola Crisis (2014–2016) Introduction Nodal Governance and Political Rationalities in the International Politics of Border Management in West Africa The IOM and ‘Humanitarian Border Management’: A Humanitarian Response to the Ebola Virus Epidemic in West Africa? Mentalities Technologies/Methods Institutional Arrangements Resources Conclusion Works Cited Chapter 11: Humanitarian Detention and Deportation: The IOM and Anti-Trafficking in Laos The IOM Activities in Preventing Human Trafficking Awareness-Raising Strengthening a Porous Frontier Promoting Good Practices for Shelter Management The Spectre of the Trafficker’s Return Inside Thai Governmental Shelters An Institutional Trafficking in Women? Disciplining Female Migrants’ Mobility ‘Consensual’ Detentions and Anticipated Deportations Conclusion Works Cited Chapter 12: The IOM’s Crisis Management and the Expulsion of Ethiopians from Saudi Arabia Introduction: The Framework of ‘Return’ Managing Post-Deportation The Role of Emergency Operations in the Long-Term Strategy of the IOM The Crisis and the Donors The Ambiguity of the ‘Humanitarian’ Response From Crisis Management to the Development of a Durable Model for Post-Deportation? Conclusion Works Cited Chapter 13: Possible Futures? The New ‘UN Migration Agency’ and the Shifting Global Order Exploring the Past and Possible Futures of the IOM The Shifting Global Order Works Cited Index 'This book recasts with brio the IOM's transformation. The result is impressive and thought-provoking.' -Didier Bigo, Professor of Sociology, Sciences Po Paris, France 'Rich case studies show the interplay between the IOM's soft power and its tendency to serve the will of powerful patrons. For an inside view of a process that continues to unfold, look no further than this volume.' -David Scott FitzGerald, Gildred Chair in U.S.-Mexican Relations and Co-Director, Center for Comparative Immigration Studies, University of California San Diego, USA 'A much needed and timely book. This book critically investigates the new role of the IOM as the UN agency responsible for managing people flows and borders.' -Anna Triandafyllidou, Canada Excellence Research Chair in Migration and Integration, Ryerson University Toronto, Canada 'The most up-to-date and encompassing research on the IOM. A must-read for those who are interested in migration and mobility studies, and the increasing role of the IOM in migration politics.' -Zhenjiang Zhang, Professor and Dean, School of International Studies and Academy of Overseas Chinese Studies, Jinan University Guangzhou, China In 2016, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) became part of the United Nations. With 173 member states and more than 400 field offices, the IOM-the new 'UN migration agency'-plays a key role in migration governance. The contributors in this volume provide an in-depth and comprehensive insight into the IOM, its transformation, current structure and projects, as well as its capacity, self-understanding and political agenda. Martin Geiger is Associate Professor of Politics of Human Migration and Mobility at Carleton University, Canada, Senior Research Fellow at the Center for China and Globalization in Beijing, and Corresponding Member of the Institute for Migration Research and Intercultural Studies in Osnabrueck, Germany. Antoine Pécoud is Professor of Sociology at the University of Paris 13, a Research Associate at CERI/Sciences Po, and a Fellow of the Institut des Migrations, France