The international encyclopedia of geography : people, the earth, environment, and technology

a Accessibility, employment Accessibility, in transportation planning Actor-network theory Agent-based modeling Agents, ontology-based decision-support systems Aging Agricultural environments Agricultural geography Agriculture Agri-food multinational enterprises Agroclimatology Agroforestry Aid Air transport Airports Alien and native species Alliances and franchises Alternative food movement Anarchist geography Ancient geography anderson2016 Animal geographies Annales School Antarctica Anthropocene and planetary boundaries Anthropogeography Anthropogeomorphology Antiracist geography Apartheid Applied geomorphology Aquifers Archival and document research Areal differentiation (or chorology) Argentina GÆA Sociedad Argentina de Estudios Geográficos (Argentine Society of Geographical Studies) Arid climates and desertification Art Artificial neural networks in geospatial analysis Artificial neural networks Atmospheric aerosols Atmosphericgeneral circulation Augmented reality Australia Geographical Society of New South Wales (GSNSW) Australia Institute of Australian Geographers (IAG) Austria Österreichische Geographische Gesellschaft (ÖGG) (Austrian Geographical Society) Autobiography Avalanche meteorology Azerbaijan Co˘grafiya b Bangladesh Bangladesh Bangladesh Bangladesh2 Base flow Behavioral geography Belgium Société Royale Belgium Société Berkeley School Big data Biodiversity Biogeography history Biogeography Biogeomorphology Biologic dating techniques Biomes Biopolitics Biopower Bioprospecting and Biosecurity Biotechnology Bodies and embodiment Borders, boundaries, and Boreal forest ecosystems Branch plant economy Brands and branding Brazil Associação dos Brazil Sociedade Brasileira Buffers Built environments Bulgaria Natsionalen Business improvement c Canada Canadian Canada Royal Canadian Carceral geographies Care work Caregiving Cartesian coordinate Cartographic design Cartographic modeling Cartography history Case study approach Cellular automata Census geography Central business district Central place theory Change detection Chicago School Children and environment Children and youth China Chung-kuo ti-li China Hong Kong China Institute of China Royal Geographical Choropleth map Cities and development Citizenship City logistics Civil society Class Climate adaptation Climate and societal Climate change adaptation Climate change and health Climate change and land Climate change and sea ice Climate change and Climate change and2 Climate change policy Climate change, concept of Climate change Climate literacy Climate policy Climatic modes and Climatology history Climatology Cloud computing Clouds Cluster detection Coastal depositional Coastal erosion processes Coastal zones Coasts Cognition and spatial Cognitive geoengineering Collaborative resource Colombia Asociación Colonialism, Color theory Commodification of nature Community Community-based natural Communitycontinuum in Comparative advantage Competitiveness Complexity in Confidentiality Conservation and Constructing 3-D GIS Construction of nature Consumption Containerization Cores and peripheries Corporate environmental Corporate financialization Corporate identity Corporate retailing Corporate spatial Corporate world and work Corporations and global Corporations and local Corporations and the law Corporations and the Corporations and the3 Corporations and Corporations and2 Corporatization of race an Corporatization of race an2 Cosmography Cosmopolitanism Creative cities Creative class culture Creative class Crime Critical geography Critical GIScience Critical spatial thinking Croatia Hrvatsko Cross-border, Cross-cultural research Cryosphere remote sensing Cryosphere studies history Cuba Instituto de Cultural capital Cultural diffusion Cultural economy Cultural geography Cultural heritage Cultural politics Cultural studies Cultural turn Culture Cultures of nature Cultures of work Cumulative causation, CyberGIS Czech Republic Cˇ eská Soil development d Disturbance in.pdf Domestic spaces.pdf Domestic workers.pdf Droughts and water.pdf Daily mobility.pdf Dams.pdf Dasymetric mapping.pdf Data model, event-oriented.pdf Data model, F-objects and.pdf Data model, moving.pdf Data model,.pdf Data quality standards.pdf Data structure spatial data.pdf Data structure, raster.pdf Data structure, vector.pdf Decision analysis.pdf Deep mapping and sensual.pdf Deindustrialization.pdf Demand and supply for.pdf Democracy.pdf Demographic and.pdf Dendroclimatology.pdf Dendrogeomorphology.pdf Denmark Det Kongelige.pdf Denmark Geoforum.pdf Density estimation.pdf Dependency theory.pdf Desakota.pdf Desert ecosystems.pdf Desertification.pdf Deskilling.pdf Development.pdf Developmentalism.pdf Diaspora.pdf Difference.pdf Digital divide.pdf Digital Earth.pdf Digital elevation model.pdf Digital soil mapping and.pdf Disability.pdf Discourse.pdf Discrete global grid.pdf Disease and illness,.pdf Disease diffusion.pdf Dispersal, diffusion, and.pdf Distance decay.pdf Distance.pdf e Earth system science Earth’s energy balance Ecogeographymacroecology Ecological footprint Ecological imperialism Ecological modernization Economic development Economic geography spatial Economic geography Ecoregions Ecosystem services Ecosystem Edge city Egypt Al-Jam‘iyya Electoral geographies Elite labor Emerging market Emotional geographies Emotional labor Empire Endemism Energy resources and use Energy security Enlightenment geographies Environment and celebrity Environment and consumption Environment and development Environment and disease Environment and everyday Environment and gender Environment and health Environment and law Environment and migration Environment and regional Environment and resources Environment and the state Environment and the Environment and trade Environment and waste Environment and Environment, democracy, Environment, nation, Environmental (in)justice Environmental (in)security Environmental assessment Environmental certification Environmental change and Environmental citizenship Environmental degradation Environmental discourse Environmental education Environmental ethics Environmental futures Environmental governance Environmental hazards Environmental health Environmental history Environmental impact Environmental issues and Environmental issues in Environmental knowledges Environmental managament Environmental movements Environmental performance Environmental planning Environmental policy Environmental racism Environmental regulation Environmental restoration Environmental risk analysis Environmental science and Environmental science Environmental uncertainty Environmental valuation Environmental Environmentalism, Environmentalism Environmentality and Eolian erosional processes Estonia Eesti Geograafia Ethics in geography Ethics in GIScience Ethnicity Ethnobotany Ethnography Ethnophysiography Everyday geographies Evolutionary economic Existentialism Exploitation Exploration Exploratory spatial data Export processing zones Externalization f Factors of production Famine Feminist geography Feminist methodologies Feminist political ecology Fertility Fiat and de facto objects Fieldwork in human Film Finance and development Finance capital and the Financial geography Finite-element and Finland Suomen Firm foundation and Firm migration Firms Flexible labor markets Flexible specialization Fluvial depositional Fluvial erosional processes Focus groups Food security Fordismpost-Fordism Fractal analysis Fragmentation of France Association de France Comité National France Société de Free trade zone Freshwater resources past, Friendship, geographies of Frontiers Fuzzy classification and g Gated communities Gender and development Gender, work, and Gender Gentrification Geoarchaeology Geocoding Geocomputation Geodemographic profiling Geodesign Geodesy Geoengineeringclimate Geographic data mining Geographic information (2) Geographic information science and technology Geographic information Geographical imagination Geographies of death Geographies of exclusion Geography and the study Geography education (2) Geography education communiti Geography education digital Geography education primary secondary Geography education promoting diversity Geography education, informal Geography education, workforce Geography education,primary Geography education Geography in higher Geography of education Geography of evolution GeoHumanities Geolocation services Geomancy Geomorphic hazards Geomorphic systems Geomorphic thresholds Geomorphological Geomorphology history Geophilosophy Geopolitics of the Geopolitics Geoportals Georeferencing from texts Geospatial metadata Geospatial Semantic Web Geostatistics Geotargeted alerts and Geotargeting protocol Geovisualization of social Germany Deutsche Germany Gesellschaft für Ghetto Gini coefficient GIS for transportation GIS history Glacial depositional Glacial erosional processes Glaciations Glacier changes Glacier hydrology and Glacier inventory Glacier lake outburst floods Glacier mass balance Glacier modeling Glaciers Global cities Global climate change Global climate models Global commodityvalue Global dimming Global environmental Global factory Global navigation satellite Global production Globalization and rural Globalization Glocalization Governance and Governmentality GPU computing Graph theory Grassland ecosystems Green capitalism Green infrastructure Ground-based LiDAR Ground-based radar Grounded theory Groundwater Growth machines Growth poles and growth Growth theory h Habitat destruction and Habitus Health and development Health and wellbeing Health geography Health inequalities Health systems Health-related behaviors Heteronormativity High-tech industry Hillslopes Historical geography Historical settlement (2) Historical settlement Asia Historical settlement Holocene Home Homelessness Housing Human capital Human ecology Human geography Human rights Humanistic geography Hungary Magyar Földrajzi Hybridity Hydroclimatology and Hydrologic cycle Hydrologic flow models Hydrology history Hyperspectral remote i Island biogeography.pdf Israel Ha’Aguda.pdf Italy Associazione dei.pdf Italy Società di Studi.pdf Italy Società Geografica.pdf Ice caps.pdf Ice sheets.pdf Ice shelf buttressing.pdf Ice shelves.pdf Idealism.pdf Identity.pdf Imaginative geographies.pdf Imperialism.pdf Indexing.pdf India National Association.pdf Indigeneity.pdf Indigenous health.pdf Indigenous knowledge.pdf Indigenous people and.pdf Indigenous technical.pdf Industrial agglomeration.pdf Industrial complex.pdf Industrial conversion.pdf Industrial districts.pdf Industrial geography.pdf Industrial linkage.pdf Industrial location theory.pdf Industrial restructuring.pdf Industrial upgrading.pdf Industrialization.pdf Inequality.pdf Infiltration.pdf Informal sector.pdf Information and.pdf Information synthesis.pdf Information technology.pdf Infrastructure and everyday.pdf Infrastructure and regional.pdf Infrastructure.pdf Innovation and regional.pdf Input–output analysis.pdf Institutions and.pdf Interdisciplinarity and.pdf Interface modalities.pdf Intergovernmental.pdf Intermediaries.pdf International Aljografiah fi.pdf International Association.pdf International division of.pdf International environmental.pdf International European.pdf International Instituto.pdf International International union.pdf International International.pdf International Southeast.pdf International The.pdf Internationalization.pdf Internet and global.pdf Interoperability of.pdf Interpolation areal.pdf Interpolation kriging.pdf Interpolation.pdf Intersectionality.pdf Interviews.pdf Intrametropolitan location.pdf Iran Anjoman-e.pdf Ireland Geographical.pdf Irredentism.pdf Irrigation.pdf j Jamaica Jamaican Japan Jimbun Chiri Japan Nihon Chiri Just-in-time production k Karst processes and Kazakhstan RespublikalyK Knowledge-based economy Knowledge-intensive l Labor geographies and the Labor geography Labor market segmentation Labor market Labor migration Lake climates Lake ice Lakes and limnology Land change science Land degradation Land systems science Landforms and Landforms of other planets Landlocked states Landscape ecology Landscape iconography Landscape Land-usecover change and Language geographies Late Cenozoic polar Latvia Latvijas G¸ eogra¯fijas Legal geography Leisure geographies LiDAR Life course approach Life course Line simplification Literary geography Lithologic discontinuities Lithuania Lietuvos Livelihoods Living wage Local development Local embeddedness Local state Local statistics and Localglobal production Localizationdelocalization Location and multiplant Location-allocation analysis Location-allocation models Location-based games Location-based services Logistics Los Angeles School m Hungary Magyar Machine learning Mainstream and shadow Manufacturing industry Map algebra Map generalization Map projections and Mapping cyberspace Mapping mashups Maritime transport Marxist geography Mass movement processes Mass movements in Measurement theory Measuring spatial Medical tourism Mediterranean-type Megacity Mental health geographies Mergers and acquisitions Metadata Mexico Sociedad Microbial biogeography Microclimatology Microsimulation Microwave remote sensing Migrant division of labor Migrant labor Migrant settlement Migration forced Migration internal Migration international Migration skilled Military geography Mining and mineral Mixed-method approaches Mobility gaps Modeling uncertainty in digital Modeling uncertainty in Models and simulation in Models in geomorphology Modernity Modernization theory Modifiable areal unit Moldova Institutul de Mongolia Mongol ulsyn Monitoring and evaluation Monsoons Moral geography Mortality Mountain biogeography Mountain climatology Mountain geomorphology Mountain hydrology Movies and films, Multi-aperture telecentric Multicriteria Multiculturalism Multilevel governance Music n National and regional Nationalism and geography Nation-state Natural hazards and Natural resources and Natural resources development Natural resources Nature and corporeality Nature conservation Nature, art, and aesthetics Nature Necrogeography Neighborhood, conceptual Neighborhood Neighborhoods and health Neoliberalism and the Neoliberalism Netherlands Koninklijk Network analysis Networks, social capital, New cultural geography New economic geography New industrial space New Urbanism New Zealand New Newly industrializing Niche theory and models Nonrepresentational theory Norway Norsk Geografisk o Ocean biogeography Oceanic circulation Oceans and climate Oceans and seas human Oceans and seas physical Ontology domain Ontology theoretical Open Geospatial Open innovation Optical remote sensing Oral history and narrative OrientalismOccidentalism Outsourcing Overlay, graphical Overlay, topological p Paleoclimatology Paleoecology Paleofloods Paleosols Parallel computing Participatory action Participatory development Participatory geographies Participatory modeling Participatory video Patch metrics Path dependence Patriarchy Patterned ground Peace Peacekeeping Pedoturbation Periglacial processes and Permafrost definition and Petrocapitalism Phenology Phenomenology Photogrammetry 3-D Phylogeography and Physical geography Phytosociology Place Plant–water interactions Plate tectonics in Point pattern analysis Point-of-interest databases Points in polygons Poland Instytut Geografii i Poland Polskie Polar climates Polar region ecosystems Political ecology and scale Political ecology Political economy and Political geography Polycentricity Popular culture Popular geographics Population and natural Population geography Population growth Population mobility and Ports Portugal Associação Portugal Sociedade de Positionality Postcolonial geographies Postconflict geographies Postdevelopment Posthumanism Postmodernity Postsocialist and Poststructuralism Poverty Power and development Power Precarious work Precipitation Pre-Quaternary landforms Privacy, personal privacy Processing LiDAR data Producer services and trade Producer services and Producer services Production of nature Productivity Property and environment Psychoanalysis Public health human Public policy Public space Public-participation GIS q Qualitative data, Qualitative data Qualitative GIS Qualitative information Qualitative spatial and Quantitative method Quantitative Quaternary glaciations Quaternary science Quaternary Queer geographies r Race and racism Race, work, and Radar remote sensing Radical geography Radiometric Rail transport freight Rail transport passenger Realism, critical Recreation Reflexivity Refugees Regional and interregional Regional definition and Regional development policies Regional development Regional economic Regional finance Regional geography Regional inequalities Regional planning China Regional planning the Regional political Regional science Regional unemployment Regionalism Regulation Regulationderegulation Relational assets Relevance debates Religion Remittances Rent gap Representation 3-D Representation and Representation complex Representation dynamic Representation fields Representation flows Representation geographic Representation indoor Representation time Representation trajectories Representation Reproduction social Resampling, raster Residential mobility Residential segregation Resilience and human Resource curse Resource extraction Resources and Restructuring Rights, labor Riparian ecosystems River basin management River ice and ice jams Rivers and river basin Rivers and streams Road transport Romania Asociatia Romania Institutul de Romania Societatea de Routing and navigation Rural citizenship Rural geography Rural policy and politics Rural society in the Global Ruralurban divide Russia Institut geografii Russia Vserossiyskaya Rust Belt cities s Colombia Sociedad Safe haven Safe space Saudi Arabia Aj-jam’aiya Scale and anti-scale Scale Scarcity Science and technology Sea ice, ice drift, and Sea level rise Security Sensor networks, the Sensor networks, wireless Sequent occupance Serbia Geografski institut Serbia Srpskog Geografsko Service-oriented Sexualities Shape Situationistssituationist Skill Slovakia Geografický ústav Slovakia Slovenská Slovenia Geografski Slovenia Zvezi geografov Slum Snow and ice avalanches Snow cover changes Snow cover Snow Social capital Social constructionism Social geography Social justice Social movements Social reproduction Social resilience and Social vulnerability and Social-ecological Socio-nature Soil and clay mineralogy Soil biology and organisms Soil development Soil erosion and Soil fertility and Soil mapping and maps Soil mass balance Soil taxonomy and soil Soil water Soils and the carbon cycle Soils and weathering Soils as relative-age dating Soils in archaeological Soils in geomorphic Soils of cold and Soils of desert landscapes Soils of humid Soils of mountainous Soils of the United States Soils of tropical landscapes Soils of urban and Soils of wet and hydric Soils on slopes catenas Soils salinization Sonar Sorting spatial data Soundscapes South Africa Society of South Korea Daehan Jiri Sovereignty Space of exception Space Spain Asociación de Spain Real Sociedad Spain Sociedad Geográfica Spain Societat Catalana de Spatial analysis Spatial concepts Spatial context Spatial crowdsourcing Spatial data infrastructures Spatial database Spatial decision-support Spatial econometrics Spatial epidemiology Spatial feature classes Spatial filtering Spatial interaction Spatial modeling Voronoi Spatial optimization Spatial organization Spatial resolution Spatial sampling Spatial social networks Spatial tessellations Spatial thinking, cognition, Spatial weights Spatiality Spatialization Spatiotemporal analysis Spiritual geographies Sports State, the State-owned enterprise States and development Strategic essentialism Stratospheric and Stream ecosystems Streams, gaining and losing Structuration theory Subaltern Subculture of poverty Subjectivity Suburbanization Superstate, supranational Supervised classification Surface water Surplus labor Surveillance Surveying Sustainability science Sustainable cities Sustainable development Sustainable transport Sweden Geografiska Sweden Svenska Sällskapet Switzerland Verband Synthetic aperture radar System dynamics t Taiwan Xhong guo di li Technology and Technology spillover Technology Tectonic geomorphology Temperate forest Temperature Territory and territoriality Text and intertextuality Therapeutic landscapes Thiessen polygons Time geography and Time–space convergence Tobler’s first law of Topological relations Toponymy Tourism Trade and regional Trade unions Trade, FDI, and industrial Traffic sensors Trajectories analysis Transaction cost Transcripts coding and Transnational Transnationalism Transport and development Transport geography Transport networks Transport policy Transport technology Transportation and Transportation history Transportation planning Travel geographies Treeline ecotones Tropical cyclones and Tropical geography Tropical geomorphology Tropical rainforest Tropical savanna Tunisia Association des Turkey Türk Coˇgrafya Turkey Türkiye u Ukraine Instytut Ukraine Ukraine’ke Uncertain geographic Uncertainty Underclass theories Unemployment and Uneven regional Unfree labor Unionism, community United Kingdom Council United Kingdom Royal scotch United Kingdom Royal United Kingdom United States of America american United States of America cartography United States of America national council United States of America national geography United States of America north United States of America open United States of America society United States of America the american United States of America the gis United States of America university United States of America Unmanned aerial vehicle Unsupervised classification Urban biogeography Urban climatology Urban ecology Urban elites Urban geography Urban managerialism Urban mosaic Urban planning human Urban political ecology Urban politics Urban redevelopment Urban regimes Urban renewal Urban resilience Urban transit Urban uneven development User-centered design v Validity and verification Value added Venture capital Vertical integration Vietnam Vîe. Violence Virtual geographic Virtual reality Visibility analysis Visual variables Visuality Visualization Visualizing uncertainty Volcanic processes and Voluntarism and the Volunteered geographic information Volunteered geographic Vulnerability w War Waste and waste Water and climate change Water and human rights Water banking Water budget Water conflicts Water conservation Water drinking Water economics Water engineering Water quality Water resources and Water rights Water security Water urban Watersheds Weather, extreme Weathering processes and Web-mapping services Welfare geography Wetland biogeography Wetland hydrology Whiteness Wicked problems Women explorers Women in geography Work–life balance World cities World-systems theory z Zoogeography Zoogeomorphology a Accessibility, employment Accessibility, in transportation planning Actor-network theory Agent-based modeling Agents, ontology-based decision-support systems Aging Agricultural environments Agricultural geography Agriculture Agri-food multinational enterprises Agroclimatology Agroforestry Aid Air transport Airports Alien and native species Alliances and franchises Alternative food movement Anarchist geography Ancient geography anderson2016 Animal geographies Annales School Antarctica Anthropocene and planetary boundaries Anthropogeography Anthropogeomorphology Antiracist geography Apartheid Applied geomorphology Aquifers Archival and document research Areal differentiation (or chorology) Argentina GÆA Sociedad Argentina de Estudios Geográficos (Argentine Society of Geographical Studies) Arid climates and desertification Art Artificial neural networks in geospatial analysis Artificial neural networks Atmospheric aerosols Atmosphericgeneral circulation Augmented reality Australia Geographical Society of New South Wales (GSNSW) Australia Institute of Australian Geographers (IAG) Austria Österreichische Geographische Gesellschaft (ÖGG) (Austrian Geographical Society) Autobiography Avalanche meteorology Azerbaijan Co ̆grafiya b Bangladesh Bangladesh Bangladesh Bangladesh2 Base flow Behavioral geography Belgium Société Royale Belgium Société Berkeley School Big data Biodiversity Biogeography history Biogeography Biogeomorphology Biologic dating techniques Biomes Biopolitics Biopower Bioprospecting and Biosecurity Biotechnology Bodies and embodiment Borders, boundaries, and Boreal forest ecosystems Branch plant economy Brands and branding Brazil Associação dos Brazil Sociedade Brasileira Buffers Built environments Bulgaria Natsionalen Business improvement c Canada Canadian Canada Royal Canadian Carceral geographies Care work Caregiving Cartesian coordinate Cartographic design Cartographic modeling Cartography history Case study approach Cellular automata Census geography Central business district Central place theory Change detection Chicago School Children and environment Children and youth China Chung-kuo ti-li China Hong Kong China Institute of China Royal Geographical Choropleth map Cities and development Citizenship City logistics Civil society Class Climate adaptation Climate and societal Climate change adaptation Climate change and health Climate change and land Climate change and sea ice Climate change and Climate change and2 Climate change policy Climate change, concept of Climate change Climate literacy Climate policy Climatic modes and Climatology history Climatology Cloud computing Clouds Cluster detection Coastal depositional Coastal erosion processes Coastal zones Coasts Cognition and spatial Cognitive geoengineering Collaborative resource Colombia Asociación Colonialism, Color theory Commodification of nature Community Community-based natural Communitycontinuum in Comparative advantage Competitiveness Complexity in Confidentiality Conservation and Constructing 3-D GIS Construction of nature Consumption Containerization Cores and peripheries Corporate environmental Corporate financialization Corporate identity Corporate retailing Corporate spatial Corporate world and work Corporations and global Corporations and local Corporations and the law Corporations and the Corporations and the3 Corporations and Corporations and2 Corporatization of race an Corporatization of race an2 Cosmography Cosmopolitanism Creative cities Creative class culture Creative class Crime Critical geography Critical GIScience Critical spatial thinking Croatia Hrvatsko Cross-border, Cross-cultural research Cryosphere remote sensing Cryosphere studies history Cuba Instituto de Cultural capital Cultural diffusion Cultural economy Cultural geography Cultural heritage Cultural politics Cultural studies Cultural turn Culture Cultures of nature Cultures of work Cumulative causation, CyberGIS Czech Republic Cˇ eská Soil development d Disturbance in.pdf Domestic spaces.pdf Domestic workers.pdf Droughts and water.pdf Daily mobility.pdf Dams.pdf Dasymetric mapping.pdf Data model, event-oriented.pdf Data model, F-objects and.pdf Data model, moving.pdf Data model,.pdf Data quality standards.pdf Data structure spatial data.pdf Data structure, raster.pdf Data structure, vector.pdf Decision analysis.pdf Deep mapping and sensual.pdf Deindustrialization.pdf Demand and supply for.pdf Democracy.pdf Demographic and.pdf Dendroclimatology.pdf Dendrogeomorphology.pdf Denmark Det Kongelige.pdf Denmark Geoforum.pdf Density estimation.pdf Dependency theory.pdf Desakota.pdf Desert ecosystems.pdf Desertification.pdf Deskilling.pdf Development.pdf Developmentalism.pdf Diaspora.pdf Difference.pdf Digital divide.pdf Digital Earth.pdf Digital elevation model.pdf Digital soil mapping and.pdf Disability.pdf Discourse.pdf Discrete global grid.pdf Disease and illness,.pdf Disease diffusion.pdf Dispersal, diffusion, and.pdf Distance decay.pdf Distance.pdf e Earth system science Earth’s energy balance Ecogeographymacroecology Ecological footprint Ecological imperialism Ecological modernization Economic development Economic geography spatial Economic geography Ecoregions Ecosystem services Ecosystem Edge city Egypt Al-Jam‘iyya Electoral geographies Elite labor Emerging market Emotional geographies Emotional labor Empire Endemism Energy resources and use Energy security Enlightenment geographies Environment and celebrity Environment and consumption Environment and development Environment and disease Environment and everyday Environment and gender Environment and health Environment and law Environment and migration Environment and regional Environment and resources Environment and the state Environment and the Environment and trade Environment and waste Environment and Environment, democracy, Environment, nation, Environmental (in)justice Environmental (in)security Environmental assessment Environmental certification Environmental change and Environmental citizenship Environmental degradation Environmental discourse Environmental education Environmental ethics Environmental futures Environmental governance Environmental hazards Environmental health Environmental history Environmental impact Environmental issues and Environmental issues in Environmental knowledges Environmental managament Environmental movements Environmental performance Environmental planning Environmental policy Environmental racism Environmental regulation Environmental restoration Environmental risk analysis Environmental science and Environmental science Environmental uncertainty Environmental valuation Environmental Environmentalism, Environmentalism Environmentality and Eolian erosional processes Estonia Eesti Geograafia Ethics in geography Ethics in GIScience Ethnicity Ethnobotany Ethnography Ethnophysiography Everyday geographies Evolutionary economic Existentialism Exploitation Exploration Exploratory spatial data Export processing zones Externalization f Factors of production Famine Feminist geography Feminist methodologies Feminist political ecology Fertility Fiat and de facto objects Fieldwork in human Film Finance and development Finance capital and the Financial geography Finite-element and Finland Suomen Firm foundation and Firm migration Firms Flexible labor markets Flexible specialization Fluvial depositional Fluvial erosional processes Focus groups Food security Fordismpost-Fordism Fractal analysis Fragmentation of France Association de France Comité National France Société de Free trade zone Freshwater resources past, Friendship, geographies of Frontiers Fuzzy classification and g Gated communities Gender and development Gender, work, and Gender Gentrification Geoarchaeology Geocoding Geocomputation Geodemographic profiling Geodesign Geodesy Geoengineeringclimate Geographic data mining Geographic information (2) Geographic information science and technology Geographic information Geographical imagination Geographies of death Geographies of exclusion Geography and the study Geography education (2) Geography education communiti Geography education digital Geography education primary secondary Geography education promoting diversity Geography education, informal Geography education, workforce Geography education,primary Geography education Geography in higher Geography of education Geography of evolution GeoHumanities Geolocation services Geomancy Geomorphic hazards Geomorphic systems Geomorphic thresholds Geomorphological Geomorphology history Geophilosophy Geopolitics of the Geopolitics Geoportals Georeferencing from texts Geospatial metadata Geospatial Semantic Web Geostatistics Geotargeted alerts and Geotargeting protocol Geovisualization of social Germany Deutsche Germany Gesellschaft für Ghetto Gini coefficient GIS for transportation GIS history Glacial depositional Glacial erosional processes Glaciations Glacier changes Glacier hydrology and Glacier inventory Glacier lake outburst floods Glacier mass balance Glacier modeling Glaciers Global cities Global climate change Global climate models Global commodityvalue Global dimming Global environmental Global factory Global navigation satellite Global production Globalization and rural Globalization Glocalization Governance and Governmentality GPU computing Graph theory Grassland ecosystems Green capitalism Green infrastructure Ground-based LiDAR Ground-based radar Grounded theory Groundwater Growth machines Growth poles and growth Growth theory h Habitat destruction and Habitus Health and development Health and wellbeing Health geography Health inequalities Health systems Health-related behaviors Heteronormativity High-tech industry Hillslopes Historical geography Historical settlement (2) Historical settlement Asia Historical settlement Holocene Home Homelessness Housing Human capital Human ecology Human geography Human rights Humanistic geography Hungary Magyar Földrajzi Hybridity Hydroclimatology and Hydrologic cycle Hydrologic flow models Hydrology history Hyperspectral remote i Island biogeography.pdf Israel Ha’Aguda.pdf Italy Associazione dei.pdf Italy Società di Studi.pdf Italy Società Geografica.pdf Ice caps.pdf Ice sheets.pdf Ice shelf buttressing.pdf Ice shelves.pdf Idealism.pdf Identity.pdf Imaginative geographies.pdf Imperialism.pdf Indexing.pdf India National Association.pdf Indigeneity.pdf Indigenous health.pdf Indigenous knowledge.pdf Indigenous people and.pdf Indigenous technical.pdf Industrial agglomeration.pdf Industrial complex.pdf Industrial conversion.pdf Industrial districts.pdf Industrial geography.pdf Industrial linkage.pdf Industrial location theory.pdf Industrial restructuring.pdf Industrial upgrading.pdf Industrialization.pdf Inequality.pdf Infiltration.pdf Informal sector.pdf Information and.pdf Information synthesis.pdf Information technology.pdf Infrastructure and everyday.pdf Infrastructure and regional.pdf Infrastructure.pdf Innovation and regional.pdf Input–output analysis.pdf Institutions and.pdf Interdisciplinarity and.pdf Interface modalities.pdf Intergovernmental.pdf Intermediaries.pdf International Aljografiah fi.pdf International Association.pdf International division of.pdf International environmental.pdf International European.pdf International Instituto.pdf International International union.pdf International International.pdf International Southeast.pdf International The.pdf Internationalization.pdf Internet and global.pdf Interoperability of.pdf Interpolation areal.pdf Interpolation kriging.pdf Interpolation.pdf Intersectionality.pdf Interviews.pdf Intrametropolitan location.pdf Iran Anjoman-e.pdf Ireland Geographical.pdf Irredentism.pdf Irrigation.pdf j Jamaica Jamaican Japan Jimbun Chiri Japan Nihon Chiri Just-in-time production k Karst processes and Kazakhstan RespublikalyK Knowledge-based economy Knowledge-intensive l Labor geographies and the Labor geography Labor market segmentation Labor market Labor migration Lake climates Lake ice Lakes and limnology Land change science Land degradation Land systems science Landforms and Landforms of other planets Landlocked states Landscape ecology Landscape iconography Landscape Land-usecover change and Language geographies Late Cenozoic polar Latvia Latvijas G ̧ eogra ̄fijas Legal geography Leisure geographies LiDAR Life course approach Life course Line simplification Literary geography Lithologic discontinuities Lithuania Lietuvos Livelihoods Living wage Local development Local embeddedness Local state Local statistics and Localglobal production Localizationdelocalization Location and multiplant Location-allocation analysis Location-allocation models Location-based games Location-based services Logistics Los Angeles School m Hungary Magyar Machine learning Mainstream and shadow Manufacturing industry Map algebra Map generalization Map projections and Mapping cyberspace Mapping mashups Maritime transport Marxist geography Mass movement processes Mass movements in Measurement theory Measuring spatial Medical tourism Mediterranean-type Megacity Mental health geographies Mergers and acquisitions Metadata Mexico Sociedad Microbial biogeography Microclimatology Microsimulation Microwave remote sensing Migrant division of labor Migrant labor Migrant settlement Migration forced Migration internal Migration international Migration skilled Military geography Mining and mineral Mixed-method approaches Mobility gaps Modeling uncertainty in digital Modeling uncertainty in Models and simulation in Models in geomorphology Modernity Modernization theory Modifiable areal unit Moldova Institutul de Mongolia Mongol ulsyn Monitoring and evaluation Monsoons Moral geography Mortality Mountain biogeography Mountain climatology Mountain geomorphology Mountain hydrology Movies and films, Multi-aperture telecentric Multicriteria Multiculturalism Multilevel governance Music n National and regional Nationalism and geography Nation-state Natural hazards and Natural resources and Natural resources development Natural resources Nature and corporeality Nature conservation Nature, art, and aesthetics Nature Necrogeography Neighborhood, conceptual Neighborhood Neighborhoods and health Neoliberalism and the Neoliberalism Netherlands Koninklijk Network analysis Networks, social capital, New cultural geography New economic geography New industrial space New Urbanism New Zealand New Newly industrializing Niche theory and models Nonrepresentational theory Norway Norsk Geografisk o Ocean biogeography Oceanic circulation Oceans and climate Oceans and seas human Oceans and seas physical Ontology domain Ontology theoretical Open Geospatial Open innovation Optical remote sensing Oral history and narrative OrientalismOccidentalism Outsourcing Overlay, graphical Overlay, topological p Paleoclimatology Paleoecology Paleofloods Paleosols Parallel computing Participatory action Participatory development Participatory geographies Participatory modeling Participatory video Patch metrics Path dependence Patriarchy Patterned ground Peace Peacekeeping Pedoturbation Periglacial processes and Permafrost definition and Petrocapitalism Phenology Phenomenology Photogrammetry 3-D Phylogeography and Physical geography Phytosociology Place Plant–water interactions Plate tectonics in Point pattern analysis Point-of-interest databases Points in polygons Poland Instytut Geografii i Poland Polskie Polar climates Polar region ecosystems Political ecology and scale Political ecology Political economy and Political geography Polycentricity Popular culture Popular geographics Population and natural Population geography Population growth Population mobility and Ports Portugal Associação Portugal Sociedade de Positionality Postcolonial geographies Postconflict geographies Postdevelopment Posthumanism Postmodernity Postsocialist and Poststructuralism Poverty Power and development Power Precarious work Precipitation Pre-Quaternary landforms Privacy, personal privacy Processing LiDAR data Producer services and trade Producer services and Producer services Production of nature Productivity Property and environment Psychoanalysis Public health human Public policy Public space Public-participation GIS q Qualitative data, Qualitative data Qualitative GIS Qualitative information Qualitative spatial and Quantitative method Quantitative Quaternary glaciations Quaternary science Quaternary Queer geographies r Race and racism Race, work, and Radar remote sensing Radical geography Radiometric Rail transport freight Rail transport passenger Realism, critical Recreation Reflexivity Refugees Regional and interregional Regional definition and Regional development policies Regional development Regional economic Regional finance Regional geography Regional inequalities Regional planning China Regional planning the Regional political Regional science Regional unemployment Regionalism Regulation Regulationderegulation Relational assets Relevance debates Religion Remittances Rent gap Representation 3-D Representation and Representation complex Representation dynamic Representation fields Representation flows Representation geographic Representation indoor Representation time Representation trajectories Representation Reproduction social Resampling, raster Residential mobility Residential segregation Resilience and human Resource curse Resource extraction Resources and Restructuring Rights, labor Riparian ecosystems River basin management River ice and ice jams Rivers and river basin Rivers and streams Road transport Romania Asociatia Romania Institutul de Romania Societatea de Routing and navigation Rural citizenship Rural geography Rural policy and politics Rural society in the Global Ruralurban divide Russia Institut geografii Russia Vserossiyskaya Rust Belt cities s Colombia Sociedad Safe haven Safe space Saudi Arabia Aj-jam’aiya Scale and anti-scale Scale Scarcity Science and technology Sea ice, ice drift, and Sea level rise Security Sensor networks, the Sensor networks, wireless Sequent occupance Serbia Geografski institut Serbia Srpskog Geografsko Service-oriented Sexualities Shape Situationistssituationist Skill Slovakia Geografický ústav Slovakia Slovenská Slovenia Geografski Slovenia Zvezi geografov Slum Snow and ice avalanches Snow cover changes Snow cover Snow Social capital Social constructionism Social geography Social justice Social movements Social reproduction Social resilience and Social vulnerability and Social-ecological Socio-nature Soil and clay mineralogy Soil biology and organisms Soil development Soil erosion and Soil fertility and Soil mapping and maps Soil mass balance Soil taxonomy and soil Soil water Soils and the carbon cycle Soils and weathering Soils as relative-age dating Soils in archaeological Soils in geomorphic Soils of cold and Soils of desert landscapes Soils of humid Soils of mountainous Soils of the United States Soils of tropical landscapes Soils of urban and Soils of wet and hydric Soils on slopes catenas Soils salinization Sonar Sorting spatial data Soundscapes South Africa Society of South Korea Daehan Jiri Sovereignty Space of exception Space Spain Asociación de Spain Real Sociedad Spain Sociedad Geográfica Spain Societat Catalana de Spatial analysis Spatial concepts Spatial context Spatial crowdsourcing Spatial data infrastructures Spatial database Spatial decision-support Spatial econometrics Spatial epidemiology Spatial feature classes Spatial filtering Spatial interaction Spatial modeling Voronoi Spatial optimization Spatial organization Spatial resolution Spatial sampling Spatial social networks Spatial tessellations Spatial thinking, cognition, Spatial weights Spatiality Spatialization Spatiotemporal analysis Spiritual geographies Sports State, the State-owned enterprise States and development Strategic essentialism Stratospheric and Stream ecosystems Streams, gaining and losing Structuration theory Subaltern Subculture of poverty Subjectivity Suburbanization Superstate, supranational Supervised classification Surface water Surplus labor Surveillance Surveying Sustainability science Sustainable cities Sustainable development Sustainable transport Sweden Geografiska Sweden Svenska Sällskapet Switzerland Verband Synthetic aperture radar System dynamics t Taiwan Xhong guo di li Technology and Technology spillover Technology Tectonic geomorphology Temperate forest Temperature Territory and territoriality Text and intertextuality Therapeutic landscapes Thiessen polygons Time geography and Time–space convergence Tobler’s first law of Topological relations Toponymy Tourism Trade and regional Trade unions Trade, FDI, and industrial Traffic sensors Trajectories analysis Transaction cost Transcripts coding and Transnational Transnationalism Transport and development Transport geography Transport networks Transport policy Transport technology Transportation and Transportation history Transportation planning Travel geographies Treeline ecotones Tropical cyclones and Tropical geography Tropical geomorphology Tropical rainforest Tropical savanna Tunisia Association des Turkey Türk Coˇgrafya Turkey Türkiye u Ukraine Instytut Ukraine Ukraine’ke Uncertain geographic Uncertainty Underclass theories Unemployment and Uneven regional Unfree labor Unionism, community United Kingdom Council United Kingdom Royal scotch United Kingdom Royal United Kingdom United States of America american United States of America cartography United States of America national council United States of America national geography United States of America north United States of America open United States of America society United States of America the american United States of America the gis United States of America university United States of America Unmanned aerial vehicle Unsupervised classification Urban biogeography Urban climatology Urban ecology Urban elites Urban geography Urban managerialism Urban mosaic Urban planning human Urban political ecology Urban politics Urban redevelopment Urban regimes Urban renewal Urban resilience Urban transit Urban uneven development User-centered design v Validity and verification Value added Venture capital Vertical integration Vietnam Vîe. Violence Virtual geographic Virtual reality Visibility analysis Visual variables Visuality Visualization Visualizing uncertainty Volcanic processes and Voluntarism and the Volunteered geographic information Volunteered geographic Vulnerability w War Waste and waste Water and climate change Water and human rights Water banking Water budget Water conflicts Water conservation Water drinking Water economics Water engineering Water quality Water resources and Water rights Water security Water urban Watersheds Weather, extreme Weathering processes and Web-mapping services Welfare geography Wetland biogeography Wetland hydrology Whiteness Wicked problems Women explorers Women in geography Work–life balance World cities World-systems theory z Zoogeography Zoogeomorphology Representing the definitive reference work for this broad and dynamic field, The International Encyclopedia of Geography arises from an unprecedented collaboration between Wiley and the American Association of Geographers (AAG) to review and define the concepts, research, and techniques in geography and interrelated fields. The Encyclopedia assembles a truly global group of scholars for a comprehensive, authoritative overview of geography around the world. It contains more than 1,000 entries ranging from 1,000 to 10,000 words offering accessible introductions to basic concepts, sophisticated explanations of complex topics, and information on geographical societies around the world. It provides definitive coverage of the field, encompassing human geography, physical geography, geographic information science and systems, earth studies, and environmental science Representing The Definitive Reference Work For This Broad And Dynamic Field, The International Encyclopedia Of Geography Arises From An Unprecedented Collaboration Between Wiley And The American Association Of Geographers (aag) To Review And Define The Concepts, Research, And Techniques In Geography And Interrelated Fields. Available As An Online Resource And As A 15-volume Full-color Print Set, The Encyclopedia Assembles A Truly Global Group Of Scholars For A Comprehensive, Authoritative Overview Of Geography Around The World.