The Institution of International Order: From the League of Nations to the United Nations (Routledge Studies in Modern History)

Présentation de l'éditeur : "This volume delivers a history of internationalism at the League of Nations and the United Nations (UN), with a focus on the period from the 1920s to the 1970s, when the nation-state ascended to global hegemony as a political formation. Combining global, regional and local scaes of analysis, the essays presented here provide an interpretation of the two institutions -- and their complex interrelationship -- that is planetary in scale but also pioneeringly multi-local. Our central argument is that although the League and the UN shaped internationalism from the centre, they were themselves moulded just as powerfully by internationalisms that welled up globally, far beyond Geneva and New York City. The contributions are organised into three broad thematic sections, the first focused on the production of norms, the second on the development of expertise and the third on the global re-ordering of empire. By showing how the ruptures and continuities between the two international organisations have shaped the content and format of what we now refer to as 'global governance', the collection determinedly sets the Cold War and the emergence of the Third World into a single analytical frame alongside the crisis of empire after World War One and the geopolitics of the Great Depression. Each of these essays reveals how the League of Nations and the United Nations provided a global platform for formalising and proliferating political ideas and how the two institutions generated new spectrums of negotiation and dissidence and re-codified norms. As an ensemble, the book shows how the League of Nations and the United Nations constructed and progressively re-fashioned the basic building blocks of international society right across the twentieth century. Developing the new international history's view of the League and UN as dynamic, complex forces, the book demonstrates that both organisations should be understood to have played an active role, not just in mediating a world of empires and then one of nation-states, but in forging the many principles and tenets by which international society is structured." Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents List of Contributors Acknowledgements Foreword: From the League of Nations to the United Nations Rocking on its hinges? The League of Nations, the United Nations and the new history of internationalism in the twentieth century Notes 1. “He tampers with the source of life itself who tampers with freedom”: Personhood, the state, and the international community in the thought of Charles Malik Human rights and its precedents International law and its discontents Divine personhood “Freedom of T + conscience = Lebanon as cultural centre”62 Conclusion Notes 2. From the Tigris to the Amazon: Peripheral expertise, impossible cooperation and economic multilateralism at the League of Nations, 1920–1946 The Brussels International Financial Conference (1920) The Barcelona Conference on Communication (1921) The law of supply and demand does not work in many South American countries”: The committee on double taxation Conclusion Notes 3. Pan-American exceptionalism: Regional international law as a challenge to international institutions Varieties of regionalism: The emergence of the Monroe Doctrine and Pan-Americanism Paper shields: the emergence of non-intervention as an American legal norm Pan-Americanism in world war and world peace Regionalism and universalism in the League of Nations The League and Latin America in the inter-war years All states are sovereign, but some more than others? Negotiating the UN Charter as a Pan-American bloc The Organization of American States and the UN Conclusion Notes 4. Jewish memory and the human right to petition, 1933–1953 The Bernheim moment Interwar Jewish memory and post-war human rights activism The complication of Jewish sovereignty Conclusion Notes 5. The power of the refugees: The 1971 East Pakistan Crisis and the origins of the UN’s engagement with humanitarian aid The relief moment (1943–1951) Relief in the shadow of development (1949–1970) Humanitarian aid during the East Pakistan Crisis as a multi-functional instrument Conclusion Notes 6. “Women’s point of view was apt to be forgotten”: The Liaison Committee of International Women’s Organizations’ campaign for an International Women’s Convention, 1920–1953 Establishing the collective model of international women’s organizing Challenges to LCIWO claims to represent the world’s women Partnering with the League to study married women’sright to nationality Toward an International Women’s Convention The Committee of Experts on the Legal Status of Women Women’s organizing in wartime Continued campaigns for women’s rights at the UN Conclusion Notes 7. The League of Nations and the transformation of representation: Sectarianism, consociationalism, and the Middle East The Sanjak Question Mosul Identities, politics, and consent of the governed Protecting minorities Consociational democracy Conclusion Notes 8. Reimagining the post-war international order: The world federalism of Ozaki Yukio and Kagawa Toyohiko Ozaki Yukio and the campaign for a new United States A domestic analogy for world federalism Language and education Legislating a world federation Kagawa Toyohiko and the world as cooperative The cultural evolution of institutions The sex problem Conclusion Notes 9. Internationalism and empire: The question of “native labour” in the Portuguese Empire (1919–1962) Introduction The (failed) standards of “native labour” “Without documentation and reliant on simple declarations, we can end up in a bad situation”: The Portuguese empire-state and the challenges of internationalism in the aftermath of World War I “The absurdity of non-discrimination”: The Portuguese empire and international debates about colonial social policy (1944–1947) “An uncomfortable situation”: criticism and reform within the Portuguese empire (1957–1962) Conclusion Notes Epilogue Internationalism without buildings Change without rupture Order without progress Notes Index Présentation de l'éditeur : "This volume delivers a history of internationalism at the League of Nations and the United Nations (UN), with a focus on the period from the 1920s to the 1970s, when the nation-state ascended to global hegemony as a political formation. Combining global, regional and local scaes of analysis, the essays presented here provide an interpretation of the two institutions -- and their complex interrelationship -- that is planetary in scale but also pioneeringly multi-local. Our central argument is that although the League and the UN shaped internationalism from the centre, they were themselves moulded just as powerfully by internationalisms that welled up globally, far beyond Geneva and New York City. The contributions are organised into three broad thematic sections, the first focused on the production of norms, the second on the development of expertise and the third on the global re-ordering of empire. By showing how the ruptures and continuities between the two international organisations have shaped the content and format of what we now refer to as 'global governance', the collection determinedly sets the Cold War and the emergence of the Third World into a single analytical frame alongside the crisis of empire after World War One and the geopolitics of the Great Depression. Each of these essays reveals how the League of Nations and the United Nations provided a global platform for formalising and proliferating political ideas and how the two institutions generated new spectrums of negotiation and dissidence and re-codified norms. As an ensemble, the book shows how the League of Nations and the United Nations constructed and progressively re-fashioned the basic building blocks of international society right across the twentieth century. Developing the new international history's view of the League and UN as dynamic, complex forces, the book demonstrates that both organisations should be understood to have played an active role, not just in mediating a world of empires and then one of nation-states, but in forging the many principles and tenets by which international society is structured." This volume delivers a history of internationalism at the League of Nations and the United Nations (UN), with a focus on the period from the 1920s to the 1970s, when the nation-state ascended to global hegemony as a political formation. Combining global, regional and local scaes of analysis, the essays presented here provide an interpretation of the two institutions -- and their complex interrelationship -- that is planetary in scale but also pioneeringly multi-local. Our central argument is that although the League and the UN shaped internationalism from the centre, they were themselves moulded just as powerfully by internationalisms that welled up globally, far beyond Geneva and New York City. The contributions are organised into three broad thematic sections, the first focused on the production of norms, the second on the development of expertise and the third on the global re-ordering of empire. By showing how the ruptures and continuities between the two international organisations have shaped the content and format of what we now refer to as 'global governance', the collection determinedly sets the Cold War and the emergence of the Third World into a single analytical frame alongside the crisis of empire after World War One and the geopolitics of the Great Depression. Each of these essays reveals how the League of Nations and the United Nations provided a global platform for formalising and proliferating political ideas and how the two institutions generated new spectrums of negotiation and dissidence and re-codified norms. As an ensemble, the book shows how the League of Nations and the United Nations constructed and progressively re-fashioned the basic building blocks of international society right across the twentieth century. Developing the new international history's view of the League and UN as dynamic, complex forces, the book demonstrates that both organisations should be understood to have played an active role, not just in mediating a world of empires and then one of nation-states, but in forging the many principles and tenets by which international society is structured.-- Provided by Publisher