The Indonesian Plywood Industry : a Study of the Statistical Base, the Value-Added Effects and the Forest Impact

Indonesia is the world's largest producer of logs from tropical rainforest. The logs are primarily used in the plywood industry which grew from virtually nothing in 1979 to become, within a decade, first, the greatest producer of tropical plywood, then the greatest exporter of all plywood, and finally, large enough to dominate all wood-panel exports. At the same time,the forests are to be sustainable by the year 2000 and so is subject to intense conservationist attention. This study takes a meticulous look at the data available and examines the value-added and economic rent methodologies used in the existing literature, and concludes that the data are highly inaccurate and the analyses made earlier are unrealistically simplistic.

From China to Facebookistan, the Internet has transformed global commerce. A cyber-law expert argues that we must free Internet trade while simultaneously protecting consumers.

On the ancient Silk Road, treasure-laden caravans made their arduous way through deserts and mountain passes, establishing trade between Asia and the civilizations of Europe and the Mediterranean. Today’s electronic Silk Roads ferry information across continents, enabling individuals and corporations anywhere to provide or receive services without obtaining a visa. But the legal infrastructure for such trade is yet rudimentary and uncertain. If an event in cyberspace occurs at once everywhere and nowhere, what law applies? How can consumers be protected when engaging with companies across the world?

In this accessible book, cyber-law expert Anupam Chander provides the first thorough discussion of the law that relates to global Internet commerce. Addressing up-to-the-minute examples, such as Google’s struggles with China, the Pirate Bay’s skirmishes with Hollywood, and the outsourcing of services to India, the author insightfully analyzes the difficulties of regulating Internet trade. Chander then lays out a framework for future policies, showing how countries can dismantle barriers while still protecting consumer interests.

Indonesia is the world's largest producer of logs from tropical rainforest. The logs are primarily used in the plywood industry which grew from virtually nothing in 1979 to become, within a decade, first, the greatest producer of tropical plywood, then the greatest exporter of all plywood, and finally, large enough to dominate all wood-panel exports. At the same time, the forests are to be sustainable by the year 2000 and so is subject to intense conservationist attention. This study takes a meticulous look at the data available and examines the value-added and economic rent methodologies used in the existing literature, and concludes that the data are highly inaccurate and the analyses made earlier are unrealistically simplistic CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF PLATES ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABBREVIATIONS I. INTRODUCTION II. THE INDONESIAN PLYWOOD INDUSTRY III. THE INDONESIAN DOMESTIC MARKET IV. PLYWOOD EXPORTS V. DISCUSSION OF THE STATISTICAL BASE VI. DEVELOPMENT AND SIZE OF THE PLYWOOD INDUSTRY VII. SAWNWOOD VIII. VALUE-ADDED: CALCULATION AND DISCUSSION IX. GOVERNMENT SHARE OF RESIDUAL STUMPAGE X. DISCUSSION OF THE FOREST POSITION XI. OUTLOOK FOR THE PLYWOOD INDUSTRY, AND CONCLUSIONS Appendix 1: FAO Yearbook Definition of "Plywood" Appendix 2: Trade and Other Classifications for Wood-based Panels Appendix 3: APKINDO Divisions of Plywood Appendix 4: Details of Value-added Calculations References The Author