اینکاها: دیدگاه‌های نوین (سری درک تمدن‌های باستانی)

__The Incas: New PerspectiveS≪/i> offers a revealing portrait of the ancient Andean empire from the earliest stages of its development to its final capitulation to Pizzarro in the mid-16th century.__ In recent years researchers have employed new tools to get to the heart of the mysterious Inca culture. Drawing on recent work in archaeology, anthropology, ethnohistory, and other sources, __The IncaS≪/i> provides the most up-to-date interpretations of Inca culture, religion, politics, economics, and daily life available. Readers will discover how the Incas discovered medicines still in use and kept records using knotted cords; how Inca builders created masterful highways and stone bridges; and how the inhabitants of seemingly unfarmable lands came to give the world potatoes, beans, corn, squashes, tomatoes, avocados, peanuts, and peppers.__ Defying many of the supposed rules of civilization building, and lacking the advantages of a written language, hard metals, the wheel, or draft animals, the Incas forged one of the greatest imperial states in history.The Incas: New Perspectives offers a revealing portrait of the ancient Andean empire from the earliest stages of its development to its final capitulation to Pizzarro in the mid-16th century.In recent years researchers have employed new tools to get to the heart of the mysterious Inca culture. Drawing on recent work in archaeology, anthropology, ethnohistory, and other sources, The Incas provides the most up-to-date interpretations of Inca culture, religion, politics, economics, and daily life available. Readers will discover how the Incas discovered medicines still in use and kept records using knotted cords; how Inca builders created masterful highways and stone bridges; and how the inhabitants of seemingly unfarmable lands came to give the world potatoes, beans, corn, squashes, tomatoes, avocados, peanuts, and peppers. The Incas: New Perspectives offers a revealing portrait of the ancient Andean empire from the earliest stages of its development to its final capitulation to Pizzarro in the mid-16th century. In recent years researchers have employed new tools to get to the heart of the mysterious Inca culture. Drawing on recent work in archaeology, anthropology, ethnohistory, and other sources, The Incas provides the most up-to-date interpretations of Inca culture, religion, politics, economics, and daily life available. Readers will discover how the Incas discovered medicines still in use and kept records using knotted cords; how Inca builders created masterful highways and stone bridges; and how the inhabitants of seemingly unfarmable lands came to give the world potatoes, beans, corn, squashes, tomatoes, avocados, peanuts, and peppers. --Publisher Preliminaries 1 Contents 7 Series Editor’s Preface 11 Preface 13 Chapter 1 Introduction 18 Chapter 2 Location of the Inca Civilization and Environmental Setting 34 Chapter 3 Historical and Chronological Setting 43 Chapter 4 Origins Growth and Decline of Inca Civilization 71 Chapter 5 The Economic Structure of the Inca State 98 Chapter 6 Social Organization and Social Structure 108 Chapter 7 The Political Structure of the Inca State 127 Chapter 8 Religion and Ideology 152 Chapter 9 Material Culture 176 Chapter 10 Intellectual Accomplishments 194 Chronology 218 Glossary 222 Resources for Further Study 240 Index 274 About the Author 284 Lacking a written language, hard metals, the wheel, or draught animals, the Incas forged one of the greatest imperial states in history. This is a portrait of the ancient Andean empire from the earliest stages of its development to its final capitulation to Pizzarro in the mid-16th century

defying Many Of The Supposed Rules Of Civilization Building, And Lacking The Advantages Of A Written Language, Hard Metals, The Wheel, Or Draught Animals, The Incas Forged One Of The Greatest Imperial States In History.